mahmood mahmoodian

Continuous supply of potable water after earthquake has always been one of the most important concerns of every nation and society. Water supply system is encountered with a wide range of hazards and risks that makes this system one of the most vulnerable lifelines. The high seismic potential of different areas in Iran, and also catastrophic consequences of the earthquake shows the urgent need to carry out researches in this field. This study has been done in order to assess different failure scenarios of water supply system, considering the whole water supply chain (including raw water, water treatment plant and distribution network).
In this research, the risk of population being without water after occurrence of earthquake scenarios in a Metropolitan area around a water treatment plant is analyzed using Fault Tree Analysis method. Three different risk reduction strategies are suggested in order to reduce the risk. Finally, the results are compared with each other and the best strategy is selected.

Mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have the lowest grade of quality of life compared with mothers of children with other disorders like mental retardation, learning disorders, or physical impairments. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the influence of severity of disorder and occupational performance of autistic child on mother’s quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between quality of life of these mothers with severity of disorder and occupational performance in their autistic children.
The participants included 35 mothers and their children with ASD (aged 3 to 7 years). They were selected by available sampling method from Tehran City, Iran. Severity of disorder and occupational performance were respectively measured by Gilliam Autism Rating Scale 2 and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
The relationship between mothers’ quality of life and severity of their children’s ASD was significant (except for two components of physical roles [P=0.276] and bodily pains [P=0.174]. Also correlation of mothers’ quality of life and occupational performance was significant (except for four dimensions of physical functioning [P=0.439] , physical roles [P=0.801], bodily pains [P=0.105] and role emotional [P=0.140]).
The results show that quality of life of mothers of autistic children is significantly associated with severity of disorder and occupational performance of children, but its relationship with severity of disorder is more pronounced than occupational performance. Therefore, in order to improve mother’s quality of life, the severity of symptoms of ASD should be decreased and child’s occupational performance increased.

The time use of people in the occupation areas is affected by conditions, such as disability, environment, and family changes. One of these disabilities is Cerebral Palsy (CP), which requires long-term care. This study aimed to determine the difference between time use of mothers of school-aged children with CP with mothers of pre-school children with CP.
The present study is a descriptive/analytical study. A total of 64 mothers of children with CP along with their children, aged 4-12 years, were participated in this study. They were divided into two groups; mothers of pre-school and mothers of school-aged children. In this study, mother’s time use form was used to collect data. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS-19 conducting the Independent t test and Mann-Whitney tests to compare the two groups.
There was a significant difference between two groups with respect in working days of the week (P=0.009). This study indicated that mothers of the schoolgoer children allocated more time for their children. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to their time use on holidays and weekends.
According to the findings, particular attention must be paid to the quality of life of mothers with school-aged children who have CP.

Aging is a dynamic and progressive process characterized by morphological, functional, and psychological changes, which restricts adaption to the environment and reduces the quality of life. Maintaining the ability of performing activities of daily living (ADL) is vital to the elderly and poor motor function is associated with higher dependency. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hand resistance training and dexterity as a treatment package on the performance of ADL in the elderly.
Material and A total of 20 senior adults were randomly (picking up by coded envelopes) assigned to intervention and control groups. We used Barthel test to evaluate the performance of ADL, and Box and Block test to evaluate the hand function.
According to results, changes in ADL were not statistically significant over time (P=0.583). However, the results of Box and Block test showed that right- and left-hand performance changes over time was statistically significant (P=0.002).
Based on the results, 6 weeks training could improve hand function and dexterity and maintain the ability to perform ADL in the elderly.