mahta khosrozamiri

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of buccal infiltration anesthesia (BIA) with 4% articaine versus inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) with 2% lidocaine for extraction of primary mandibular molars.

This single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated 100 children between 4-8 years requiring extraction of primary mandibular molars. The children were randomly assigned to two groups (n=50) of IANB with 2% lidocaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine (control), and BIA with 4% articaine and 1:200,000 epinephrine. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS) and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale were used to assess the analgesic efficacy of each technique, and the resultant behavioral reaction of children. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and independent t-tests (alpha=0.05). 

In total, 43 girls and 57 boys with a mean age of 6.59±1.20 years were evaluated. The mean FLACC score was 0.98 in the lidocaine and 1.44 in the articaine group with no significant difference (P=0.246). The mean WBFPS score was significantly higher in the articaine than in the lidocaine group (P=0.039), but the difference between the two groups separately for each tooth type was not significant (P>0.05).

Despite the significantly lower pain score of the IANB with lidocaine group, BIA with 4% articaine was comparable to IANB with 2% lidocaine in behavioral control of children, and may be considered as an acceptable alternative.

Hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES),also known asJob's syndrome, is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a classic triad: elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, recurrent pneumonia with pneumatocele formation, and recurrent cold skin abscesses.

Case:

A 5-year-old girl was referred to the pediatric dentistrydepartment for tooth decay and multiple dental abscesses. Her medical history revealed elevated serum IgE levels, and she was receiving treatment with warfarin due to a history of jugular vein thrombosis. Clinical examination showed numerous skin abscesses alongside multiple eczemas.Angular cheilitis, de-papillation of the tongue, deep furrows on the tongue, numerous intraoral ulcerated lesions, poor oral hygiene, and gingivitis were seen in the intraoral examination.Due to the systemic conditions and thechild's non-cooperation, treatment under general anesthesia was planned.

Dentists play an essential role in the early diagnosis of HIES and in monitoring their oral health conditions. Timely extraction of over-retained primary teeth can reduce the necessity for complex treatments, thereby facilitating the management of patients with Job's syndrome.

 This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Iranian pedodontists regarding preventive measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 Iranian pedodontists. Data regarding their knowledge, attitude, and practice related to COVID-19 were collected through a valid and reliable researcher-designed questionnaire and analyzed using the independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey test (alpha = 0.05).

The majority of the participants were between 30 and 50 years old. The attitude and practice scores of participants aged over 50 were significantly higher than those of younger participants (P < 0.05). The majority of the participants were female, but the mean practice score of males was significantly higher than that of females (P = 0.018). The participants’ mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores had no significant association with their work experience or practice location (P > 0.05). The participants had a good level of knowledge regarding self-protection; however, they needed to update their knowledge.  

 The Iranian pedodontists’ levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice were generally good, and they adhered well to the infection control protocols, social distancing measures, and taking thorough medical histories.

 Having knowledge of root canal morphology is a crucial requirement for effective treatment. Taking into account the impact of factors such as age, gender, and race on the diversity of root canals in teeth, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of middle mesial (mid-mesial) canals and isthmus in mandibular first and second molars in a specific subpopulation of Tabriz patients. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for this investigation.

 CBCT radiographs of 215 patients were examined to determine the presence of the mid-mesial canal and isthmus in mandibular first and second molars without endodontic treatment based on gender. All samples were obtained from the Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, in 2019. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS version 16, employing a chi-square test (P < 0.05).

 On the left mandibular side, twenty-eight samples (13%) exhibited a mid-mesial canal in both the first and second molars. On the right side, these values were 29 (13.5%) and 47 (21.9%) for the first and second molars, respectively. Regarding the frequencies of isthmus in mandibular first and second molars, the values were 2 (0.9%) and 18 (8.4%) on the right side and 5 (2.3%) and 21 (9.8%) on the left side, respectively (P-values = 0.147, P = 0.938, P = 0.193, and P = 0.713 in left first, left second, right first, and right second mandibular molars, respectively, which were insignificant).

 This study revealed a low prevalence of mandibular first and second molars with mid-mesial canal and isthmus. The left and right sides and gender did not influence this prevalence.