majid ghayour-mobarhan
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BACKGROUNDEggs, while nutrient-rich, have high cholesterol content. The link between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains debated. This study investigates how egg intake correlates with minor and major electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, which serve as potential indicators of CVD.METHODSIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 5,928 participants without cardiovascular disease (CVD), aged between 35 and 65 years, were included. Dietary egg consumption was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The Minnesota coding system was employed to identify minor and major ischemic abnormalities on ECG. Odds ratios (ORs) for major and minor ischemic patterns across different egg consumption categories were calculated using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTSUsing several statistical models, this study showed that higher egg consumption was associated with lower odds of isolated major ECG abnormalities in men, but not in women. In the fully adjusted model, consuming more than four eggs per week, compared to the lowest category (<1/week), was correlated with a 40% decrease in the odds of major ischemic changes on ECG in men (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39–0.93). Regarding minor ischemic abnormalities, there was no significant association with egg consumption in either women or men.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest a gender-specific effect of egg consumption on the presence of major ischemic changes on ECG. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and to inform tailored dietary guidelines for different populations.Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease, Egg, Electrocardiography, Ischemia, Q Wave
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Obesity remains a significant worldwide health concern, and further research into other strategies, including herbal weight-loss medications, is necessary. By reviewing clinical trials, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal medicines for weight loss or obesity. A comprehensive search was conducted using multiple databases. Clinical trials evaluating the effects of herbal medicines on weight loss or obesity management were included. Relevant data, such as study design, intervention details, and outcome measures, were extracted and analyzed. The use of herbal medicines exhibited varying efficacy in promoting weight loss or managing obesity. Some herbal interventions significantly reduced body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Notably, these interventions led to decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), regulating insulin levels while increasing levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH). Additionally, reductions in inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were observed, indicating a potential anti-inflammatory effect. Mechanisms of action included appetite regulation, fat oxidation, increased satiety, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and modulation of lipid metabolism. However, it is important to note that these herbal interventions’ efficacy and safety profiles may vary among different population groups. The findings suggest that certain herbal medicines hold promise as adjunctive therapies for weight loss and obesity management. However, comprehensive and targeted research efforts are warranted to determine these herbal interventions’ optimal use, dosages, and long-term effects in specific population subgroups.
Keywords: Appetite Regulation, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Herbal Medicine, Obesity Management, Plant Extracts, Waist Circumference, Weight Loss -
Cancer is considered a serious threat to human life and one of the major leading causes of death in the world. As a critical medical challenge in developing and developed countries globally, progress in the design of theranostic nanomedicine is associated with the control of temporal-spatial variability, enhancing the site-specific therapy, and reducing the toxicity to normal tissue. As the primary noninvasive cancer treatment technique, photothermal therapy through radiation absorption in the near-infrared region generates hyperthermia for the ablation of cancerous cells. Photothermal therapy combined with other therapeutic techniques, including chemodynamic, photodynamic, and sonodynamic, has synergistic and enhanced effects on cancer therapy. Nanozymes, as intrinsic multienzyme mimics, can be robust cancer nanotherapeutics owing to the dual effect of catalytic functions and physicochemical advantages of nanomaterials. Nanozymes possess remarkable stability, precise penetrability, exceptional specificity, outstanding recoverability, and minimal toxicity. These attributes make them immensely powerful for therapeutic applications. In light of the significance of multifunctional nanozymes and their increasing focus on catalytic therapy for cancer tumors through reactive oxygen species (ROS), we have compiled a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in various photothermal-based assays utilizing nanozymes. Notably, our analysis reveals that incorporating nanozymes in PTT enhances the generation of ROS, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy against the tumor. In summary, this comprehensive overview highlights the significance of multifunctional nanozymes in advancing photothermal-based assays for cancer treatment. The findings underscore the potential of these innovative approaches to improve treatment precision and effectiveness while reducing adverse effects on healthy tissues.
Keywords: Cancer, Chemodynamic, Nanozyme, Photodynamic, Photothermal, Sonodynamic, Tumor Therapy -
Background
The association between fast food, whole grain, refined grain and carbonated drink consumption and depression and quality of life (QoL) was evaluated in Iranian adolescent girls.
MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 733 adolescent girls were included from Mashhad and Sabzevar cities in northeastern Iran. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and SF-12v2 questionnaire were used to assess depression and QoL, respectively. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary intakes of the study participants. To explore the association between intake of food groups and depression and QoL. It was used linear and logistic regression in crude and adjusted models.
ResultsThere was a significant decreasing trend in the odds of poor QOL and depression across increasing quartile intake of whole grain; but, there was no linear relationship between whole grain intake and depression and QoL score. In addition, participants in the highest quartile of carbonated drink consumption had higher odds of poor QoL compared to the first quartile (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00–2.32, P=0.04). A positive association was found between intake of fast food and depression score (β=0.09). Intake of fast food was inversely associated with QoL score (β=-0.081). However, there was no significant relationship between intake of refined grains and carbonated drinks and depression, and between whole grain and refined grain intake and QoL.
ConclusionsThe results demonstrated an inverse association between fast food intake and depression and QOL. To better conclude, further studies evaluating the association of various food groups with depression and QoL.
Keywords: Whole Grain, Fast Food, Diet, Depression, Quality Of Life, Adolescent -
Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of metabolic abnormalities and anthropometric factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. As the search for effective treatments intensifies, attention has turned towards natural substances with potential medicinal benefits. Among them, vanillic acid, a phenolic acid present in many plants, has attracted some attention due to its wide range of biological activities. This review aimed to provide an in-depth summary of the potential therapeutic use of vanillic acid in metabolic syndrome. The potential mechanisms of action of vanillic acid, including its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic properties, are discussed. The effect of vanillic acid on glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and adipocyte activity is also addressed. The effect of vanillic acid on lipid metabolism, including the control of lipid synthesis, breakdown, and transport, is also reviewed. The emerging evidence for the beneficial effects of vanillic acid in animal models, in vitro studies, and preliminary clinical studies is also highlighted. The data suggests that vanillic acid has the potential to ameliorate metabolic syndrome. However, further preclinical and clinical research is needed to determine the specific mechanisms of action, appropriate dose, and subsequent advantages of vanillic acid. A more comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potential of vanillic acid could pave the way for developing innovative techniques for preventing and treating metabolic syndrome and its implications.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Glucose, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Metabolism, Obesity, Phenolic Acid -
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality globally, due to the high frequency of early metastatic disease. In the past, the presence of metastasis was examined based on histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. A high percentage of patients experience recurrence after metastasectomy. Recurrence could be due to the presence of micro-metastasis (MM), which could be detected at sites such as lymph nodes or bone marrow using RT-PCR or immune-histochemical staining. Previous studies have reported inconsistent results with respect to the clinical significance of MM, its impact on survival, and how it is affected by chemotherapy. In this study, we reviewed the (1) clinical significance of MM, (2) methods of detection, (3) sites of occurrence, (4) the mechanism associated with MM, and (5) the role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with EC.
Keywords: Esophageal Cancer, Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, Micro-Metastasis, Lymph Node, Bone Marrow -
IntroductionCardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common and deadly disease of all types of cardiovascular disease. Many biomarkers such as troponin, CK-MB and various microRNAs have been shown to be involved in a variety of diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. Circulating MicroRNAs may be important and early biomarkers for the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of miRNA-19b as a potential biomarker for AMI.Materials and MethodsIn this case control method we divided 20 rats in Wistar breed (weight 250-300 g) into two groups of myocardial infarctions and healthy. Standard conditions such as a temperature of 25 ° C, enough water and food were created in the animal room of Mashhad Medical School. 150 mg of isoprenaline was dissolved in 2 ml of injected distilled water and the solution was injected subcutaneously for two days. 24 hours after the last injection, myocardial infarction was confirmed by assessment of (CK-MB and troponin).ResultsBased on the findings, levels of troponin I and also CK-MB were higher in the group of rats induced myocardial infarction compared to healthy rats (P<0.001). In addition, the analyzes showed a significant up-regulation for miR-19b expression in the Treat group (P<0.001).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that circulating miRNAs, especially microRNA 19b, could be excellent candidates as biomarkers for heart disease, especially EMI.Keywords: Micrornas, Cardiovascular Disease, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Microrna-19B
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Introduction
After the influenza pandemic since 1918, the world is experiencing another viral challenge by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). One of the most important strategies is to enhance the immune system.
ResultsHaving an optimal nutritional behavior, following a balanced dietary pattern is essential for immune enhancement and reduce the risk of infectivity. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is hypothesized as one of the main causes of inflammation and consequently, lung damage in this viral infection. Undernutrition or overnutrition as the result of nutritional status can affect the immune system. Multivitamin and Minerals (MVM) intake can be beneficial in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, having a regular diet with the priority of healthy food portions can supply all daily requirements.
ConclusionAccording to the WHO recommendations for consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and also diets which have been hypothesized as an immune enhancer, the Mediterranean diet may involve all nutrients needed for improvement of the immune system.
Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Nutrition, Immunity, Mediterranean Diet -
سابقه و هدف
لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا (HDL) به عنوان یک عامل محافظ در برابر بیماری عروق کرونر (CAD) شناخته شده است. در مطالعات اخیر، بررسی عملکرد HDL بیشتر از اندازه گیری سطح آن مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته است. بنابراین هدف از مطالعه حاضر، مقایسه سطح و عملکردHDL برای تشخیصCAD بود.
مواد و روش هااین مطالعه (مورد- شاهدی) بر روی 853 نفر شامل 572 بیمار مبتلا به CAD و 281 فرد سالم انجام گرفت. پروفایل لیپیدی و hs-CRP به ترتیب با روش های آنزیمی و ایمونوتوربیدومتری اندازه گیری شدند. عملکرد HDL از طریق اندازه گیری فعالیت آنزیم پاراکسوناز 1 (PON1) و اثر آن بر سوبسترای پاراکسون با استفاده از روش اسپکتروفتومتری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از آنالیز منحنی راک برای مقایسه قدرت تشخیص فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه استفاده گردید. آنالیز رگرسیون لجستیک چندگانه برای شناسایی ریسک فاکتورهایی که ارتباط مستقل با CAD دارند به کار برده شد.
یافته هادر بیماران مبتلا به CAD نسبت به افراد سالم، کاهش معنی داری در سطح و عملکرد HDL مشاهده گردید (001/0<p). براساس آنالیز منحنی راک، سطح زیر منحنی (AUC) برای فعالیت آنزیم PON1 در مقایسه با HDL-C بیشتر بود. نتایج آنالیز رگرسیون لجستیک چندگانه نشان داد که دیابت، فشارخون بالا، مصرف سیگار، hs-CRP و فعالیت آنزیم PON1 به عنوان ریسک فاکتورهای مستقل در ابتلا به CAD می باشند.
نتیجه گیریارزیابی عملکرد HDL در مقایسه با اندازه گیری سطح آن، معیار مناسب تری جهت تشخیص CAD می باشد. فعالیت آنزیم PON1 به عنوان یک بیومارکر تشخیصی برای CAD پیشنهاد می شود.
کلید واژگان: لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا، بیماری عروق کرونر، آنزیم پاراکسوناز 1، Iau ScienceAim and BackgroundHigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known to be a protective factor against coronary artery disease (CAD). In recent studies, investigating the function of HDL more than measuring its level has attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, the aim of present study was to compare the level and function of HDL for the diagnosis of CAD.
Materials and MethodsThis study (case-control) was conducted on 853 people, including 572 patients with CAD and 281 healthy subjects. Lipid profile and hs-CRP were measured by enzymatic and immunoturbidometric methods, respectively. HDL function was evaluated by measuring the activity of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme and its effect on paraoxon substrate using the spectrophotometric method. ROC curve analysis was used to compare the detection power of the studied factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors that have an independent relationship with CAD.
ResultsA significant decrease in the level and function of HDL was observed in patients with CAD than in healthy individuals (p<0.001). Based on ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for PON1 enzyme activity was higher than HDL-C. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes, hypertension, smoking, hs-CRP, and PON1 enzyme activity are independent risk factors for CAD.
ConclusionEvaluation of HDL function is a more appropriate criterion for diagnosing CAD than measuring its level. PON1 enzyme activity is suggested as a diagnostic biomarker for CAD.
Keywords: High Density Lipoprotein, Coronary Artery Disease, Paraoxonase 1 Enzyme, Iau Science -
Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide condition, which has been linked to a variety of health-related issues. Vitamin D can be beneficial to cardiovascular patients and those suffering from depression and anxiety, based on Survey of Ultraviolet Intake by Nutritional Approach (SUVINA study), ,showing the potential effects of vitamin D-fortified dairy products on anxiety, depression, and stress in subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.
MethodsIt was a quadruple-blind randomized controlled trial. Individuals were randomly allocated to one of four groups: fortified low-fat milk (FM), non-fortified low-fat milk (NFM), fortified low-fat yogurt (FY), and non-fortified low-fat yogurt (NFY). FM and FY groups were fortified with 1500 IU nano-encapsulated vitamin D3. Anthropometric parameters as well as depression, anxiety, and stress scores were measured at baseline and after a ten-week trial in Mashhad, Iran.
ResultsTotally, 289 participants (143 men, 146 women) with a mean age of 41.86±7.81years were enrolled in the study. There was no statistical difference between the scores of depression, anxiety, and stress in participants with and without CVD risk factors (P>0.05). No statistical difference was found in the subgroup analysis based on milk and yogurt consumption.
ConclusionsFortified low-fat milk containing 1,500 IU of vitamin D has no impact on improving depression, anxiety, and stress during ten weeks. However, further studies with higher vitamin D doses for a longer duration are recommended.
Keywords: Vitamin D, Fortification, Anxiety, Depression -
Background
Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent problem in worldwide healthcare related to several system disorders. Food fortification as a solution is associated with several challenges including insufficient coverage of the entire population, required degree of fortification, the vehicles used for fortification and potential toxicity. This study aimed to determine the optimal amount of vitamin D for fortification without surpassing the upper intake level (UL) of intake at the 95th percentile of the Iranian population and compare two methods of food fortification.
MethodsThis study is aimed to develop a model of two different fortifying approaches related to an available dataset called MASHAD cohort study. The dataset comprised demographic and nutritional data of 9704 Iranian individuals living in the Greater Mashhad region. The first approach was a computational method necessary to implement a range of eight foods and calculate the optimal approach. In the second case, we used the European formula method called ILSI.
ResultsTo find the appropriate value for fortification, we calculated the consumption of 400 IU and 1000 IU supplements of vitamin D. Three micrograms per 100 g in each food was the optimal output. We also used Flynn and Rasmussen’s formula on our data. Using these methods, we found that 2.1 micrograms per 100 kcal provides the best result. Hence, using the two different approaches, the results appear to be consistent and promising.
ConclusionOne interesting finding was that supplement consumption did not greatly affect the impact of fortification. This observation may support the hypothesis to determine the amount of fortification, and we can ignore the study population’s supplement consumption.
Keywords: Deficiency, Food fortification, Fortification model, Vitamin D, Vitamin D food fortification -
ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) complications involves the excessive production ofreactive oxygen species, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Due to Lycopene, a highly unstable structure andits significant effects on modulating the metabolic system, there is a strong need for a formula that can increase itsstability. The aim of this study was to develop an approach for encapsulating Lycopene and investigate its effects oninflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and liver enzymes in patients with MetS.Materials and MethodsThis study is a simple randomized, double-blind, objective-based clinical trial that involvedeighty subjects with MetS, who were equally and randomly assigned to two groups: one group received 20 mg ofLycopene per day for 8 weeks, and the Placebo group followed the same protocol as the Lycopene group but receiveda placebo instead of Lycopene. They were called Lycopene and placebo, respectively. During follow-up visits after 4and 8 weeks, 20 ml of blood was collected for evaluation of liver enzymes and some inflammatory related markers.ResultsPrior to the assignment of volunteers to their respective groups, there were no notable differences in C-reactiveprotein (CRP), serum liver enzymes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, or pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB)between the Lycopene and placebo groups. However, our subsequent analysis revealed a significant reduction in theserum levels of CRP (P=0.001) and PAB (P=0.004) in the group that received Lycopene. Our encapsulated Lycopenetreatment was not associated with a significant difference in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartatetransferase (AST), or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) between our two groups.ConclusionThis study investigated the impact of Lycopene on individuals with MetS, revealing a noteworthymodulation effect on PAB and inflammation linked to MetS. However, no significant differences was demonstrated inserum levels of ALT, AST and ALP between the studied group (registration number: IRCT20130507013263N3).Keywords: Inflammation, Liver enzyme, Lycopene, Metabolic syndrome, Oxidative stress
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IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and one of the main challenges for health systems worldwide. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of socio-demographic, lifestyle, psychological and anthropometric factors and underlying diseases such as hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS) with CVD risk among a subpopulation of Iranian adults.MethodsIn this prospective study, a total of 235 CVD patients along with 8405 healthy and non-symptomatic individuals who participated in MASHAD cohort study were enrolled. CVD diagnosis was performed by taking electrocardiogram (ECG) and medical history and performing physical examination for each participant. Health and lifestyle questionnaires, the Beck’s anxiety inventory (BAI), Beck’s depression inventory (BDI) and the James and Schofield human energy requirements equations were completed for all participants. Anthropometric measurements were also recorded for all subjects. All statistical analyses including chi-square and student independent T-test were performed using SPSS 16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) at a significant level of 0.05.ResultsWe found that there were significant associations between CVD risk and age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), diabetes mellitus (DM) and family history (FH) of CVD in both genders; though, there was a significant negative correlation between physical activity level (PAL) and risk of CVD among men and women. Also hypertension (HTN), metabolic syndrome (MS), depression and anxiety were positively and higher education level was negatively associated with CVD events only in females. While, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was an independent predictor of CVD among males (P-value< 0.05).ConclusionThere are several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that are independently considered as CVD predictors among the MASHAD study population. It is recommended to prioritize the lifestyle modification, development of local risk calculators and gender-related stratified strategies in order to prevent and manage CVD among the Iranian population.Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease, metabolic syndrome, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension
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Background
Anemia is a serious public health problem which may be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and brain damage. This survey aims to determine the prevalence of anemia and its association with demographic and biochemical factors and metabolic syndrome in a human sample derived from the MASHAD cohort study.
MethodsThis survey was conducted on a sub-sample of 9847 individuals aged 35 to 65 as part of the MASHAD cohort study. Demographic characteristics and biochemical and anthropometrics indices were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
ResultsAnemia was seen in 11.5% of the population. Anemia was significantly more prevalent in younger subject (P<0.001), females (P<0.001) and those with elevated body mass index (BMI) (P<0.001). Mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher in anemic participant (P=0.032). The incidence of anemia was significantly lower in smokers (P<0.001) and also participant with hypertension (HTN) (P<0.001), diabetes mellitus (DM) (P<0.001) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (P<0.001). Mean FBG (P<0.001), TG (P<0.001), total cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL (P<0.001) and uric acid (P<0.001) were significantly lower in anemic subjects. Cholesterol, MetS, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), BMI, uric acid, diabetes mellitus and also TG remained significantly different after multivariate analysis between anemic and healthy participants.
ConclusionThe studied population had a lower prevalence of anemia compared to the previous WHO report for Iranians. Iron deficiency is recognized as the most important cause of anemia in Iran; however, further investigations will be need to confirm this pattern. We demonstrated that anemia is adversely associated with MetS and DM.
Keywords: Anemia, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes mellitus, Metabolic syndrome, Prevalence -
BackgroundChildhood obesity is widely recognized as a prominent challenge in the 21st century. The family holds considerable potential in effectively managing this concern, by incorporating behavioral modifications into the child's dietary patterns and physical activity engagement. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a family-centered, behavioral modifications package in improving the eating behavior, BMI percentile, and abdominal circumference of obese school-age girls.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted on a cohort of 80 obese female students aged 7-12 in Mashhad between 2020 and 2021. Data was collected using a demographic information Questionnaire and the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Following a 3D body scanning procedure, a seven-session intervention program was implemented. Six months later, a reassessment was carried out, encompassing the evaluation of BMI percentile, 3D body scanning, and re-administration of the questionnaires. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 24, utilizing paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and multivariate analysis of variance.ResultsFollowing the intervention, significant increases were observed in scores for enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness, and slowness in eating. Conversely, scores for food responsiveness, emotional overeating, emotional undereating, and food fussiness displayed a decrease. However, the differences did not reach statistical significance following the intervention (p>0.05). Notably, changes in BMI percentile and abdominal circumference displayed a statistically significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (p<0.05).ConclusionThe family-centered behavioral modification program represents an appropriate approach for modifying child's eating behavior, resulting in a success rate exceeding 10% in weight reduction.Keywords: Family-centered behavioral modifications, child' s eating behavior, BMI, obese school-age girls
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Background
The accurate diagnosis of cardiac disease is vital in managing patients’ health. Data mining and machine learning techniques play an important role in the diagnosis of heart disease. We aimed to examine the diagnostic performances of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for predicting coronary artery disease and compare this with two statistical methods flexible discriminant analysis (FDA) and logistic regression (LR).
MethodsThe data of this study is the result of descriptive-analytical research from the study of Mashhad. We used ANFIS, LR, and FDA to predict coronary artery disease. A total of 7385 subjects were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders (MASHAD) cohort study. The data set contained demographic, serum biochemical parameters, anthropometric, and many other variables. To evaluate the ability of trained ANFIS, LR, and FDA models to diagnose coronary artery disease, we used the Hold-Out method.For analyzing data, we used SPSS v25, R 4.0.4, and MATLAB 2018 software.
ResultsThe accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Mean squared error (MSE) , and area under the roc curve (AUC) for ANFIS were 83.4%, 80%, 86%, 0.166 and 83.4%. The corresponding values based on the LR method were 72.4%, 74%, 70% , 0.175 and 81.5% and for the FDA method, these measurements were 77.7%, 74%, 81%, 0.223, and 77.6%, respectively.
ConclusionThere was a significant difference between the accuracy of these three methods. The present findings showed that ANFIS was the most accurate method for diagnosing coronary artery disease compared with LR and FDA methods. Thus, it could be a helpful tool to aid medical decision-making for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Keywords: Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, Logistic Regression, Flexible Discriminant Analysis, Coronary Artery Disease -
IntroductionSerum vitamin D levels are related to a wide spectrum of factors including low sunlight exposure, high oxidative stress, low physical activity and sleep disorders. In this paper we are going to investigate the most crucial parameters associated with serum vitamin D levels in survey of ultraviolet intake by nutritional approach (SUVINA) study with a data mining approach.Material and MethodsData including demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory information were extracted from the SUVINA dataset comprising 289 subjects who were enrolled into our study. The XGBoost algorithm was used to define the most important features related to vitamin D level in our population.ResultsApplying XGBoost modeling for vitamin D level showed that the presented scheme can determine the most important determinants of serum vitamin D level with an accuracy of 91%. Pro-oxidant anti-oxidant balance (PAB), body fat percentage, physical activity level (PAL), age, restless leg syndrome (RLS), and dietary inflammatory index (DII) density were the most important variables correlated with vitamin D deficiency.ConclusionUsing XGBoost and with an accuracy of more than 90%, we showed that the six most important risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are PAB, PAL, age, body fat percentage, RLS and DII density, respectively.Keywords: Vitamin D, Oxidative stress, Machine Learning, Data Mining Algorithm
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IntroductionThe development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with lifestyle factors, including dietary patterns. A diet rich in macro- and micronutrients has been reported to reduce the risk of T2DM. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the dietary factors most closely associated with T2DM in subjects within the MASHAD cohort using a decision tree algorithm.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 9704 individuals from the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders (MASHAD), of whom 5936 participants completed a 24h dietary recall questionnaire. Macronutrients and micronutrients were estimated using Diet Plan 6 software. A decision tree algorithm was utilized to evaluate the most crucial dietary nutrient intakes concerning T2DM.ResultsThe algorithm showed a high specificity (81.34%) but low sensitivity (34.21%), which could predict T2DM with a low-to-moderate diagnostic ability (AUC=0.58). Based on the decision tree, eight features, including dietary potassium, total sugar, sucrose, riboflavin, thiamin, sodium, total nitrogen, and magnesium, were T2DM’s most critical dietary components.ConclusionBased on the results, consuming sugar, salt, and vitamin B was the most critical related dietary intake to T2DM. Dietary interventions may be a cost-effective strategy for preventing T2DM.Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrients, Diet, Cohort Studies
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Background
Depression in adolescents is one of the major public health concerns that can affect educational attainment and social relationships and impose a high economic burden on society. Previous studies have provided limited information on the relationship between a healthy diet and depression in adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the association of Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) with depression scores among adolescent girls.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 734 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years. Data on dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and diet quality was assessed based on HEI-2015. The Iranian validated version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate depression. To explore the association between HEI-2015 and depression, logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted models.
ResultsThe prevalence of a high depression score in the study population was 33.8%. After controlling for potential confounders, girls with the highest adherence to HEI-2015 compared to those with the lowest adherence had a 37% lower prevalence of depression (OR: 0.63; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00, Ptrend=0.03). This finding remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables (age, energy intakes, physical activity, and BMI percentile).
ConclusionsGreater adherence to HEI-2015 was associated with lower odds of depression in female adolescents. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these results and clarify whether a causal relationship exists.
Keywords: Depression, Healthy eating index, HEI-2015, Diet quality, Adolescent -
Introduction
It has been shown that angioplasty and endovascular stent deployment, used after coronary revascularization, are associated with an inflammatory response. Inflammation has a key role in the complications of atherosclerotic plaque, coronary artery disease (CAD) and in-stent restenosis (ISR). The objectives of the present study was to investigate serum levels of 12 pro/anti-cytokines and growth factors and their relationship with restenosis.
MethodsA total of 244 subjects were recruited in current study including unrelated patients who previously underwent coronary stent implantation (between 2014 and 2017) and were subsequently indicated for coronary angiography. According to angiography results patients were allocated into two groups: cases with stenosis more than 50% within the stent (N=79) and controls with stenosis less than 50% within the stent (N=165). Serum was separated by centrifuging the blood for 15 min at 1000 rpm. Serum cytokines levels including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, EGF, and VEGF were measured using an EV 3513 cytokine biochip array (Randox Laboratories, Crumlin, UK).
ResultsThe mean age of the NISR and ISR groups were 62.47±9.2 and 59.49±8.48 years, respectively. The diabetes frequency was significantly higher in the ISR group (55.1%) compared with NISR group (30.9%) (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in levels of cytokines between the two groups (p>0.05).
ConclusionsThe results showed that serum levels of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors did not have a significant difference between NISR and ISR study groups.
Keywords: Inflammation, Cytokines, Growth factors, In-Stent Restenosis -
Introduction
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is still an ongoing problem affecting people’s well-being globally. It is known that malnutrition is an important determinant of immune function, leading to an increased risk of infection and severity of diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between macronutrients and micronutrients and this viral infection.
MethodsThis study was a historical cohort including 6539 subjects (57.2% females, 42.8% males) from the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 65-item validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data on COVID-19 diagnosis was collected from online health records of patients available in the Sina health information system from the onset of the disease to the end of July 2020. COVID-19 diagnosis has been confirmed using a lung spiral CT scan or PCR laboratory test. SPSS software (Version 20) was usedfor the analysis of data. .
ResultsA total of 154 subjects including 85 men (55.2%) and women (44.8%) were infected with COVID-19. Body mass index (p=0.03) and waist circumference (p=0.01) of the patients along with the protein (p=0.02), total N2 (p=0.02), calcium (p=0.02) and thiamin (p=0.04) content of their diet was significantly associated with COVID-19. After multivariate analysis, dietary calcium remained the only dietary factor that predicted COVID-19 infection (OR=0.94, 95%CI [0.87-0.99], p value=0.04).
ConclusionOur findings indicated that prevalence of COVID-19 may be affected by dietary macronutrients and micronutrients. According to our data, increased calcium intake can reduce the prevalence of COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19, Dietary intake, dietary calcium, Malnutrition -
Introduction"Health for All by 2000" was launched by WHO in 1978 and is based on primary healthcare availability worldwide. During the month of Safar, many people from neighboring cities and countries travel to Mashhad. Since the qualitative approach can lead to a better understanding of access to healthcare from the perception of consumers, this study aimed to assess the perception of Pilgrims and healthcare providers of healthcare services and gain more profound knowledge about healthcare consumers’ experiences.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in Mashhad during Safar based on conventional content analysis from September 20-27, 2022. This study used a semi-structured in-depth interview on 36 participants, including pilgrims (n=27) and healthcare providers (n=9) such as medical doctors, nurses, and health experts selected through purposeful sampling. The interviews were transcribed word for word. The MAXqda software and Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis were used for data analysis.ResultsData analysis revealed three categories, including 1. Understanding the challenges of the treatment services in terms of three subcategories: A. Lack of medical doctors, drug shortages, and higher prices of medicines, B. Experiencing the diseases (skin, cardiovascular diseases, poisoning, and digestive problems, musculoskeletal pain and asthma), and C. Lack of an appropriate place for patient examination and serum injection. 2. Understanding the challenges of health services, including three subcategories: A. Time and place insufficiency of services, B. Lack of access to sanitary detergents, C. Improper cleaning of resting spaces and places, and finally, 3. Understanding the challenges of welfare services, including two subcategories: A. Inadequacy and lack of access to the appropriate rest place, and B. poor quality and sortage of food.ConclusionsThe results indicated that access to healthcare, treatment, and welfare is more than just these services. Health policymakers’ commitment to improving healthcare equity, hopefully, leads to positive changes in the healthcare system. Therefore, enhancing social participation in the healthcare system and providing comprehensive education on the optimal use of healthcare services is necessary to empower pilgrims to access better healthcare.Keywords: Health Services, Qualitative research, Pilgrims
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Introduction
An association between heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) antigen with cardiovascular risk factors has been shown previously. Furthermore, higher levels of serum anti-HSP27 antibodies are also related to higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the current study, we looked at the relationship between serum Hsp27 antibodies and hypertension, as an important cardiovascular risk factor, in individuals without evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
MethodsA sub-population of hypertensive patients (HTN+) without underlying CVD were recruited from the Mashhad stroke and atherosclerosis heart disease (MASHAD) study to assess the association between serum Hsp27 antibodies and hypertension; independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 1599 people were studied of whom 288 individuals had hypertension and 1311 were used as controls (HTN-).
ResultsMean serum Hsp27 antibody titers were 0.20 (0.27) OD in the whole population sample and was not significantly different in the normotensive (HTN-) compared to HTN+ individuals with different degrees of hypertension.
ConclusionThere were no significant associations between serum anti-Hsp27 concentrations and either the presence or severity of hypertension. Future studies are warranted to explore the association of anti-Hsp27 antibody and antigen levels and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Keywords: Heat shock protein 27 antibody, Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease -
Objective
The obesity prevalence is growing worldwide. There is strong evidence indicating that a disturbance of zinc, copper and magnesium concentrations is associated with the development of obesity and its related diseases. Our aim was to determine the effect of curcumin supplementation on serum zinc, magnesium and copper in obese individuals.
Materials and MethodsIn this randomized crossover trial study, thirty obese patients with an age range of 18 to 65 years were randomized to treatment with curcumin 1 g/day or placebo for 30 days. There was then a two-week wash-out period, after which, subjects crossed to the alternate regimen. Serum levels of zinc, copper and magnesium were determined at baseline and at the end of the study.
ResultsThe study groups were similar to each other in base line characteristics. We did not observe significant impacts (p>0.05) of curcumin on Cu, Zn, Mg serum concentrations.
ConclusionCurcumin administration at a dose of 1 g/day for 30 days did not affect serum Cu, Zn, Mg levels in obese subjects.
Keywords: Obesity, Curcumin, zinc, Copper, magnesium -
Background
Considering the high prevalence and clinical importance of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection worldwide, we aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in a population aged between 15 and 35 years in Mashhad, Iran.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 916 cases composed of 288 (31.4%) men and 628 (68.6%) women. Using ELISA method, the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2 was assessed.
ResultsAmong the population studied, 681 (74.3%) cases were positive for anti-HSV antibodies, while 235 (25.7%) cases were negative. Moreover, no IgMs were found and all positive subjects had IgG antibodies. Age (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), education (p = 0.006), smoking (p = 0.029), and BMI (p = 0.004) demonstrated a significant association with HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection.
ConclusionOur study indicates a high seroprevalence of HSV infection; however, there was no cases positive for IgM antibodies, suggesting the high prevalence of latent infection.
Keywords: HSV, IgG, IgM, Seroepidemiology
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