maliheh babakhani

Urban life completely dependent on personal cars has created many problems in various fields. In line with these problems, the 15-minute city approach has been proposed by city planners as a planning approache. The major cities of Iran are also facing the above problems, and therefore, using the new approaches presented can be effective in solving the problems. Since the adaptation of a comprehensive urban approach such as the 15-minute city approach in the old and new contexts has different requirements, this research sought to examine the two old and new neighbourhoods of Qazvin city in the degree of adaptability to the 15-minute city approach. The purpose of this research was to explain a practical framework based on the principles of the 15-minute city approach, and to prioritize indicators in two contexts, the old (Agha Kabir neighbourhood) and the new (Molla Sadra neighbourhood). In the present study, the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method was used, relying on experts’ questionnaires. The questionnaire conformed to the required standards and was completed by 25 urban planning experts. The findings indicated that the sub-criteria of safety in active transportation, pedestrian infrastructure, cycling infrastructure, and all-inclusiveness of routes, which were investigated as a subset of the access and routes criterion, respectively, were the most important among the investigated sub-criteria. The results also showed that the new context (Molla Sadra neighbourhood) was more consistent with the principles of the 15-minute city approach than the old context (Agha Kabir neighbourhood). Applying the requirements of this approach in the new context was easier and using this approach in the old context will require the use of greater resources.

Housing, as one of the basic human needs, can be seen as a connecting link between environment, society, and economy. Affordable housing is recognized as a vital economic and social issue with wide-ranging implications for individuals, families, economy and environment. Affordable housing, known as »housing affordability«, is an important economic and social concept in the housing sector, relating to individuals' and families' ability to access suitable housing considering their income and housing expenses. Traditionally, housing affordability is defined and evaluated based on economic criteria. A fundamental part of this research is the theory that economic affordability is influenced not only by housing costs and income but also by a broader spectrum of criteria affecting a household's quality of life.

The Purpose of the Research: 

Housing provision is a phenomenon observed in many societies. Conditions in which households spend more than one-third of their gross income on housing costs are prevalent. In this research, we aim to examine the position of affordable housing in Iran's housing programs post-Islamic Revolution and analyze the indicators used to evaluate affordable housing. This article seeks to explore the relationship between affordable housing and housing policies in the post-Islamic Revolution era in Iran. Moreover, credible sources and previous research have been utilized as primary tools for evaluating affordable housing. This research analyze housing policies within the framework of market and economic changes in Iran and its changes that have occurred in these policies over time.

This research employs qualitative content analysis method to examine housing policies after the Islamic Revolution. The analysis is based on studying the housing policy-making process and the role of post-revolutionary governments in this policy-making. The workflow begins with data collection using documentary studies and examining the historical context of housing welfare policies through legal documents and existing programs. Then, utilizing qualitative content analysis method, the collected data are categorized and analyzed. Finally, the description and analysis of the subject are conducted based on global indicators of affordable housing in light of the findings from documents and legal sources. The time frame of the study covers the period from the beginning of the revolution to the end of the seventh development plan.

Controls on urban expansion diminished, leading to increased construction activities around cities. People struggling with heavy rent burdens and rural migrants quickly settled on the outskirts of cities. Although there was an increase in residential construction during this period, investment in it decreased due to a reduction in the infrastructure of the produced units. Additionally, construction activities faced recession during the imposed war period, exacerbating the recession due to war-related issues and restrictions. Despite attention to the housing sector in the Islamic Republic's development programs, housing plans were not fully implemented, mainly due to private sector uncertainty in investment, rising prices, and infrastructure costs. Efforts have been made in the physical dimensions, housing provision, and construction of residential units in rural areas, as well as in housing standards and quality, and the redevelopment of deteriorated areas. However, in economic dimensions, financial facilities for low-income groups, changes in financial policies, and housing finance provisions have not been emphasized in affordable housing programs.

In the seven economic, social, and cultural development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran, housing has been recognized as a significant component. This attention to housing aims to reduce inequalities, foster social justice, improve the quality of life, and provide housing for low-income and deprived segments of society. Various programs have addressed housing infrastructure, supported small housing unit producers, and ensured housing for vulnerable groups. However, in some programs, there is insufficient focus on housing, indicating a lack of coordination between housing and other planning components. Improving and paying attention to housing can significantly contribute to social justice and inequality reduction and should be prioritized in all development programs. In summary, attention to housing in Iran's development programs is essential, with emphasis on aspects such as developing housing infrastructure for the needy, providing housing programs tailored to the needs of different regions, utilizing innovative technologies, enhancing construction quality, and considering housing as a key component in sustainable development and environmental protection. Proper planning in this regard can aid in sustainable development and economic and social growth.

Introduction :

In the past decades, the concept of sustainability has increasingly garnered public attention by highlighting the challenging balance between the needs of the global population and the environmental burdens these needs impose. Urban sustainability is characterized as developing a constructed environment that seeks to meet people’s basic needs while avoiding socially or environmentally unacceptable impacts. Nowadays, assessing the sustainability status of cities and their transition towards sustainability has become one of the most important principles of urban planning. However, due to the dynamic and multifaceted nature of sustainability and the distinctive characteristics of each urban typology, the manifestation of sustainability in each city can vary. The indicators influencing sustainability and driving cities towards becoming sustainable may differ across cities. Therefore, this research aims to explicate the influential factors on sustainability and analyze them in the small and medium-sized cities of Qazvin province.

The research method employed in this study is applied and is based on quantitative methods. To analyze the data and achieve the research objectives, after extracting the urban sustainability indicators and preparing the questionnaire, the urban sustainability indicators extracted from theoretical foundations in the PLS software are identified or validated through second-order confirmatory factor analysis modeling for each of the medium-sized and small cities. Subsequently, the factors influencing urban sustainability indicators in each of the medium-sized and small cities are determined and analyzed. The examination of urban sustainability concerning the size and population of the city, especially in small and medium-sized cities, has not received much attention from researchers in this field and remains relatively unexplored, making this a significant innovation in this research in the realm of sustainability. The sampling in this study utilizes simple random sampling, where all members are equally likely to be selected. The Cochran formula, a common formula for estimating sample size in urban and social studies, is used to estimate the sample size for each of the study samples.

Research findings indicate that, based on data analysis, in the city of Qazvin, the housing-transport factor and the social-cultural factor have the greatest impact on the sustainability and movement of the city towards sustainability. In contrast, the environmental factor has the least impact. In recent years, unprecedented economic developments in the housing sector have affected all aspects of this area. The increase in housing prices and the difficulty of obtaining them for citizens, the reduction in housing dimensions, and the use of non-sustainable materials and plans have all contributed to housing becoming one of the most important issues in defining sustainability in mid-sized cities. On the other hand, the dominance of motorized and unsustainable transportation in the urban development process has caused numerous problems for cities, and Qazvin is no exception, as sustainable and clean transportation infrastructure and facilities have not been provided in this city. On the other hand, in Ziaabad as a small city, the factor of facilities and infrastructure has the greatest impact on the state of sustainability. Conversely, the economic and managerial factors, as well as the environmental factors, do not have a significant relationship with the sustainability of small cities. Nowadays, in many small cities, due to various managerial and organizational factors, facilities and infrastructure do not have a desirable state, leading to numerous problems and difficulties for the citizens of these cities. Ziaabad is also not exempt from this situation. Considering the importance of facilities, infrastructure, and its sub-indices such as green spaces in the concept of sustainability, and the undesirable state of this index in small cities like Ziaabad, it can be stated that the realm of urban facilities and infrastructure is of great importance in moving small cities towards sustainability.

The results of data analysis regarding the indices influencing sustainability indicate that in medium-sized cities, housing, transportation, and social-cultural factors have the greatest impact on defining and achieving sustainability. Within these factors, indices of land and housing supply costs, as well as recreational opportunities, play the most prominent role in influencing these factors and therefore the sustainability of cities. Therefore, for medium-sized cities to move towards sustainability, urban planners should pay greater attention to the housing, transportation, and social spheres. On the other hand, in small cities, factors such as amenities, infrastructure, and elderly care have the greatest impact and significance in defining the status of sustainability and achieving it. Within these factors, sub-indices of green spaces, access to services, and housing quality have the most significant internal impact on these factors and consequently on sustainability in small cities. Ultimately, it can be stated that in medium-sized cities, the housing and transportation sectors, and in small cities, the amenities and infrastructure sectors, play the most prominent role in the movement of cities towards sustainability and defining sustainability. Therefore, these sectors and their influential sub-indices can be considered by urban planners in the process of formulating urban plans and programs.

<span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Problem</strong>: With the development of urbanization and the need to pay attention to environmental aspects, industrial areas within the city have been abandoned and destroyed. Pars Electric factory in Rasht city has become a place for garbage and drug addicts to accumulate during nearly two decades of closure and has created dangers for the area.
<span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Target </strong>: The purpose of the article is to examine the components of vitality in order to revive the post-industrial arena of this collection.
<span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Method</strong>: In this regard, information has been collected by using library-documentary methods, questionnaires and interviews. Vitality components based on theoretical literature were extracted and randomly distributed among 312 people in the form of a questionnaire, and the results were subjected to second-order confirmatory factor analysis in Smart PLS.
<span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Findings </strong>: Safety and security with a path coefficient of 0.878 shows the strong and direct impact of this factor on increasing the vitality of Pars Electric Factory in Rasht. The factors of sense of place, legibility, climatic comfort, social justice and sensory richness express 55, 48, 44, 42 and 36 percent of the changes in increasing the dynamism and vitality of the post-industrial landscape of Pars Electric respectively.
<span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Result</strong>: Definition of areas, monitoring and control, proper lighting, establishment of 24-hour activities, creation of interactive spaces are among the proposed measures with high priority to strengthen the two factors of safety and security and sense of place in order to improve the vitality of the said site.

Organizing the historical contexts of the city based on the requirements of passive defense due to the relationship between history, people, space and their activities is one of the most basic physical planning processes from the point of view of passive defense. The main goal of this research is to evaluate and examine the physical dimension and its components in the historical context of Urmia from the point of view of passive defense. The current research is longitudinal in terms of time (prospective), in terms of practical results, and in terms of the goal of developing applied knowledge in a specific field, which is quantitative in terms of the research implementation process, and finally in terms of the type of descriptive-analytical goal and terms of the implementation logic The research is inductive. The method of collecting information is both field and documentary. Data collection tools include observation and questionnaires. The Sample size of this research includes 100 specialists in this field, who were selected in a non-random and purposeful way from experts. One-sample t-tests were used to analyze the collected data, and Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the variables, which was evaluated through experts' opinions. Also, DEMATEL's decision-making method has been used to establish relationships between components. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire from the experts of this subject and to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha test was used, which was confirmed. In this research, the physical, functional, human, access and flexibility components of the space have been used. The results of this research show that according to the results of the Spearman correlation test, the physical independent variable has a stronger relationship with the physical dimension from the point of view of passive defense than other components. Also, the results of DEMATEL model indicate that the physical component has the most relationship and the access component has the least relationship with other components.

Improving the quality of the rural environment and improving the rural appearance and landscape have significant roles in rural development and turning these areas into tourist destinations. The purpose of this article is to identify and survey the indicators of rural landscape that affect on environmental quality and rural tourism to provide suggestions for the villages of Baraghan.

This is an applied and developmental research also from the position of process is a quantitative and qualitative research. In the case study were used observations, interviews with village officials and trustees, as well as filling out questionnaires between residents. 350 questionnaires complited and analysis in SPSS software under exploratory factor analysis (F.A) and regression.

According to the results of expert and statistical analysis, six factors of rural economy, safety, physical condition of rural environment, natural and religious landscape, recreational-tourism services, advertising and holding traditional and religious rituals of the village and the original Were identified as factors Rural landscapes that affect environmental quality and rural tourism.

Strengthening jobs related to tourism, improving the cleanliness of Baraghan rural area, improving access conditions in the village, using more local, traditional materials and identity elements in construction can improve the rural landscape. Finally, the environmental quality was improved and tourists would attracted to these villages.

Introduction Achieving the growth and development of society requires creating equal and contextual opportunities and how to use the talents and abilities in it. One of these opportunities is the possibility of the presence and mobility of the disabled people as other people in society; Undoubtedly, people with disabilities are part of the members of any society ,which, according to equality of citizenship rights, need to be present in urban public spaces and create social interactions; So, in this study, due to the importance of the subject, an attempt has been made to design and match this type of spaces in one of the most important and busiest boulevards of Semnan city (the area of Ghaem Boulevard as a readable urban public space) in order to solve problems, increase the presence and safe accessibility of the disabled people to these spaces that are the purpose of this research should be addressed because the city and its spaces are not just a system and physical or natural context, but also the context of human life and a place for the emergence of  people’s abilities and creativity, the realization of goals, and the search for their happiness and satisfaction.Materials and MethodsIn the present study, the type of study in terms of purpose is applied, and the research method in terms of nature is descriptive-analytical and field type. Library and documentary study methods have been used to collect information related to theoretical topics and explain the principles and criteria resulting from this section. The field study method has been used to recognize and investigate the current situation and analyze and evaluate the applicant’s spatial patterns in the study area (conduct practical studies). In collecting field information, methods such as observation, photography, and tools such as a researcher-made questionnaire were used. After analyzing the questionnaires and placing its findings in line with field observations and studies, using the QSPM method to analyze and prioritize the strategies obtained from the SWOT table and then according to the design indicators mentioned in the theoretical framework section, for each of the strategy extracted, executive solutions are expressed to design and adapt and solve problems in the study area and thus increase the presence of people with disabilities.FindingsThe findings of the present study show that in the design and adaptation of urban public spaces in Semnan, such as the area of Ghaem Boulevard, the conditions and needs of the disabled people, especially the physically disabled people, have not been paid much attention and these people in the study area of this research due to many physical problems have many issues and concerns, including lack of easy commuting on sidewalks and streets, lack of ease of access and proper use of public places, spaces and special arrangements for spending leisure time. All these factors have created a disorderly, unhealthy, unsafe, and uncomfortable environment for the presence and efficient use of the disabled people in this area, despite its potential. So, these people rarely enter urban spaces alone. Most of them, due to the lack of suitable conditions for the presence and performance of optional activities, prefer to eliminate this type of activity. They only refer to the area and use it to perform their necessary and obligatory activities.ConclusionBased on the results, it was found that our cities today, due to social, managerial, and physical defects, have spaces for the presence of healthy and capable groups and do not accept the reality of people with disabilities, both physically and socially, and have many issues and problems in various fields. Disabled people in these spaces, despite the existence of laws that claim equal citizenship rights with other members of society, in practice due to corrupt and inappropriate designs and far from the minimum standards,  and the lack of executive guarantee of regulations to create appropriate spaces, they are deprived of being present in the community and having safe and easy access to the public spaces of the city and using the facilities available in it and participating in various activities. Thus, principled design and adaptation and compliance with standards, especially in public spaces used by different groups, is the right of all citizens and requires a comprehensive and binding approach. Also, the results of the present study show that by implementing the following strategies, we can help increase the Presence of citizens, especially the physically disabled people. Solutions include adapting sidewalks, streets, public buildings, and urban furniture elements, revising and adapting the case study based on design indicators and urban planning criteria, and providing the conditions in which all people can use these spaces according to their citizenship rights because the adaptation of urban spaces as a physical context for all people to have equal opportunities to move around the city, access to all urban spaces and perform activities in various fields is a necessity for growth and development between human being and the surrounding spaces and in the whole society. Based on this, it can be said that a society whose development orientation (planning, management, design, etc.) is according to the conditions of all people and responds to their needs and problems is a society in which everyone will have comfortable living conditions and will benefit from it

Problem statement:

 Iran has myriad valuable rural fabrics. Today, discussing the “value” of rural fabrics is of great importance. Their diversity and dispersion based on biodiversity, natural location, and cultural characteristics have prompted entities to make efforts to identify their values with the help of environmental teachings. Given the limited funding and necessity to create equal opportunities to improve villages, the custodians are tasked with formulating the appropriate criteria and indicators to determine the values and evaluate the samples based on these to arrive at adequate samples that can be used as universal models for similar locations. The present research asks the question of how to define “value”, find suitable interpretations of it in a range of valuable rural fabrics, and present a mechanism to assess these to pave the way for both conservation and development.

The first aim of the research is to classify values for the rural fabric. In the next stage, it will review the criteria and indicators that impact their selection and present a new understanding of the concept of value in conservation, development, and restoration. Finally, it discusses the mechanism for measuring samples based on these.

The library research method was used for the comparative analysis of various values introduced in the relevant literature on the topic, then values were defined, described, classified, and analyzed by reasoning.

The first step in setting up a mechanism to measure values was to identify the valuable samples by pinpointing the inherent values of every single rural fabric for conservation. The next step was to prioritize the attributed values and restoration goals to define a development plan.

The Covied-19 Pandemic showed the vulnerability of cities in their current state and revealed one of the strongest stimuli for the need for radical rethinking in Urban Planning. One of the theoretical approaches that has been considered by many cities in developed countries is the 15-Minute City Approach. density, proximity to complementary and consistent functions are its basic principles.

The purpose of this article is to study the concept of a 15-Minute City, identify the components of achieving it and feasibility study of the adaptation this approach in Iranian cities as a post-pandemic urban planning approach. As a case study, Mehrshahr, Karaj has been studied.

It is applied research that is applied descriptive-analytical method. In the analysis of access to index uses, the analysis of the pedestrian network in GIS software was used and using SWOT and QSPM techniques to determine and prioritize strategies for future development. The study area in the direction of the city was 15 Minutes.

The lack of functional diversity (vacuum in educational, religious and medical uses) and the lack of path continuity and very poor flooring for pedestrians are important issues in this area to adapt to the 15-Minute City approach.

Ensuring the safety and security of pedestrians and cyclists, providing infrastructure and services required for pedestrians and cyclists, applying the principles of mixed and multiple land use and balanced distribution of services are the most important strategies proposed.

Urban catalyst is known as one of the important and effective strategies because of its benefits in relation to the inner growth of cities.

The overall and main purpose of the present study is to explain the framework for applying the catalyst strategy in the sustainable regeneration of inefficient urban areas and the practical purpose of the research is to apply the catalyst strategy in the regeneration of Panbehriseh neighborhood.

The present study is based on the purpose of applied-developmental type and in terms of methodological approach is qualitative-quantitative, which has been done in two parts of theoretical and practical studies using descriptive-analytical method and analysis has been done through the SWOT analysis matrix and the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM).
Geographical Context: Panbehriseh Neighborhood, Qazvin City.

By reviewing previous studies, the theoretical framework of the research has been explained based on physical, social, economic and environmental dimensions, and based on it, other steps of the research including identifying, analysis and presentation of strategies have been done that, in the section of cognition, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Panbehriseh neighborhood have been analyzed in the form of SWOT and with the help of it, catalyst strategies have been expressed. Finally, using QSPM, strategies for sustainable regeneration of textures have been prioritized and presented.

The results obtained from the findings indicate that the inefficiency of a texture depends on various factors that, if identified correctly and in a timely manner, the tissue can be protected from the risk of decline and gradual death. One of the ways to save such tissues is to regenerate them with catalyst strategy, which, with the help of small and large scale stimulus projects, affects sustainable regeneration by restoring dynamism and vitality to inefficient textures. Catalyst strategies and projects derived from them, if implemented properly, can help increase prosperity and development in the neighborhood, and inject dynamism and mobility into the texture. Therefore, catalyst strategies, by defining useful and executive stimulus projects, can play an important role in the sustainable regeneration of inefficient tissues, including the Panbehriseh neighborhood of Qazvin city.

Nowadays, energy consumption in metropolitan areas has created many environmental problems. Accordingly, urban planning to optimize energy consumption should be considered a necessity. This study aimed to evaluate the criteria and sub-criteria of land use planning in the Region 2 of District 8 of Tehran to sustainable urban development and optimization of energy consumption. In this research, analytical research methods, library, and field studies have been used to identify the criteria and sub-criteria and use GIS software to prioritize and evaluate their impact. Modeling the impact of end-use on energy consumption was performed using EnergyPLAN software. The study results showed that the sub-criteria of a diversity of uses, suitable coverage radius of public transportation stations, the optimal density of residential units, and building density of non-residential uses have relatively favorable conditions. Sub-criteria such as active neighborhood centers, pedestrian access to main service uses, a good share of green space, access to public spaces, and public parking in the proximity of transport stations that are currently in poor condition should be improved. Finally, two land-use plans were proposed to improve the current situation. After mixing the proposed land use and the current status, the sub-criteria that did not meet the appropriate conditions in the current status were upgraded. The energy modeling results in the transportation sector showed that energy consumption has decreased from 1.6 TWh to 1.44 TWh per year and carbon dioxide from 850 thousand tons to 760 thousand tons per year.

Today, with the high advancement of technology and the importance of cars on the streets, the movement of pedestrians in different levels of the city has become insignificant. There is a sense of vitality among citizens as well as the lack of urban spaces. This issue has been neglected in many cities of Iran and needs to be planned. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Khayyam pedestrian way in promoting the sense of vitality of the city so that it is out of a space just for pass and become a dynamic space for citizens to attend desirably. Extracting indicators affecting this goal have provided effective solutions to enhance the sense of vitality of the space. This research is in the category of analytical methods from the target position. In the sample section, field observations, interviews with officials, as well as filling out questionnaires from pedestrians were used. According to Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were randomly distributed and then the data based on exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were analyzed. According to the results of expert analysis and statistical analysis, the use of principles such as considering the attraction of absorbing spaces as a source and destination in different parts of the street, proper wall design, using historical elements and ... help to enhance the sense of vitality.

The issue of urban identity and identity crisis is one of the most important problems that new settlements struggle with; Because these settlements were mainly formed under the influence of modern thinking and the urban identity issue is considered as one of the challenges raised in these settlements. It can be said that one of the most important reasons for the failure of new cities in attracting population is the neglect of issues such as urban identity. Residents of anonymous cities do not want to solve the problems in the city, and these cities turn into dormitory environments over time. Therefore, it is very important to know the identity-giving components and try to improve the status of the urban identity of these settlements. Qazvin Mehr housing is also facing this challenge as a new urban settlement. The main goal of this research is to reduce the problems caused by anonymity in Qazvin Mehr housing. The present study, by examining the current situation of this urban area based on field observations, identifies the identityless problems of this settlement and then, using identity criteria, provides solutions to improve the quality of Mehr housing in Qazvin in terms of urban identity.

Considering that the trend of the world's population is towards aging and since it is one of the most important stages of life, the needs of the elderly should be considered in both physical and mental dimensions. An elderly-friendly city is an approach whose main goal is to meet the needs of the elderly in urban spaces in both physical and mental dimensions, and since the elderly-friendly city is within the framework of social justice in the city, its main goal is to provide the necessary conditions to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, the quality of life of the elderly is considered an important step towards the realization of social justice in the city. The main goal of this research is to explain some of the components of improving the quality of urban life with the category of an elderly-friendly city, and to increase the quality of urban life with measures that are appropriate for the needs of the elderly through their identification. According to library studies, the review of various articles and books related to the subject of the desired definitions and interviews with the elderly living in this area, and with the presence and field observations in different localities of zone one of district 22 areas have been identified, and finally, by analyzing the possibilities and the limitations of the study area have been discussed in presenting goals, policies and strategies. According to the studies conducted, some of the needs of the elderly, including (medical centers, recreational programs, safety and security of the elderly) have not been taken into account in zone one of district 22.

One of the primary goals of the urban planning process is to maintain and improve the quality of the urban environment and consequently improve the quality of life. The concepts of quality of the environment and quality of life, which is actually an action against one-dimensional economic development at the national level and purely physical development at the urban scale, is an effort to achieve quality criteria in the field of urban planning; Therefore, the necessity of knowing the current state of urban life quality and measuring and evaluating it has become one of the most important aspects of studies in urban planning issues. The quality of urban life is one of the terms that does not have a clear and uniform definition; Although people instinctively understand its meaning easily, it is not the same concept for them. For this reason, its measurement requires a comprehensive and specific definition so that its various dimensions can be examined in a transparent manner; Therefore, indicators and criteria for measuring people's quality of life should be determined. Therefore, in this research, the main indicators and criteria for defining the quality of life were extracted from various texts, and then among them, suitable indicators for evaluating the quality of urban life in dilapidated urban contexts were selected and analyzed in Hashemi neighborhood, which is one of the dilapidated urban neighborhoods located in 10 district of Tehran. In the end, according to the investigations, it was determined that Hashemi neighborhood is facing problems from various aspects such as the high and prevalence of crime and delinquency among young people, the lack of quality recreational and leisure spaces, insecurity at night, etc., and appropriate solutions are needed. Solutions to these issues and problems were presented.

Security and reducing crime opportunities and diminishing criminal incentives have become a global commitment. Security by designing an appropriate approach to the realization of a safe urban environment by employing appropriate and purposeful design of the human environment that it tries to reduce the occurrence of urban environments by planning and designing efficiently. Mehr Housing is one of the policies of the last decade in Iran that has been formed to provide low-income housing but, despite being newly constructed, has failed to address the needs and concerns of its residents And crime is one of the most important debates in these urban arenas right now. In this article, Mehr Housing of Nazarabad has been analyzed and evaluated from the viewpoint of residents and finally design and planning strategies for crime prevention have been presented. The CPTED components based on the theoretical literature of this area were extracted and distributed to 220 residents of Mehr Township through a questionnaire And analyzed by factor and regression. The results of this analysis show that the seven factors of people's natural supervision in the urban environment, solidarity in the local community, anthropogenic design, collection management and maintenance, servicing, tailoring and promotion of identity are factors influencing the improvement of security in this town from the perspective of residents And the first three factors have the most influence and correlation with this category. Therefore, planning and designing to enhance each of these factors can enhance residents' perceptual security. Creating population-absorbing activities in urban spaces, creating commercial and 24 hours activities, holding cultural-religious ceremonies and creating urban spaces for gathering residents are high priority in this residential town.

User planning of urban land, has been trying to find some methods for better distribution of urban service in its whole lifetime. nowadays more important issues _such as justice which tries to assimilate residents_ has been entered into this science and space justice becomes the foremost subject. The current procedure in urban service distribution, regarding given and specified standards, has used need recognition method and it has been totally need-based and without considering residents’ demands and people’s participation or the same demand-based procedure. Whereas some susceptible urban areas like non-efficient urban context, has sustained more damage and this has led to citizens’ dissatisfaction. This study aims to compare and analyze two kinds of need-based planning considering standards and demand-based planning considering real needs and opinions of residents, and in this way it improves citizens and people’s participation during planning procedure and it tries to elevate social justice and keep residents in their place of living specially in non-efficient urban context. This study is practical and uses descriptive-analytical method to compare the principle of standard-based and the principle of demand-based. Two criteria of urban per capita and standard of access points for the principle of standard-based and residents’ poll for the principle of demand-based have been chosen by questionnaire and analysis in SPSS, and the results have been visualized in GIS by IDW method. The outcomes of this compare, show a significant difference in the view and the results of planning based on urban standards and planning based on people’s opinions.

Deteriorated urban textures are areas of a city isolated from developmental life cycle. They have turned into the focus of problems and inefficiencies. The evaluation of renewal actions claims to promote residents’ satisfaction in some cases. At the same time of improving objective and economic quality of life, there are claims regarding the lack of any improvements in their subjective quality of life. Above physical reforms, renewal actions in deteriorated textures should consider the issue of enhancing residents’ quality of life. Hence, besides considering physical aspects, renewal thoughts must also seek to provide and promote their quality of life and satisfaction. The Tehran Renewal Organization in 1388-92 years with the aim of achieving democratic renewal has tried to follow renewal actions with residents of the neighborhood and in keeping existing human and community development.
This organization five activities defined: Social activities in order to identify the neighborhood for Awareness and Inform to the residents; Integration and renewal; Improve the quality of construction; Environmental sanitation and the definition of stimulus projects.
The aim of this article is to explain the relationship between residential satisfaction of local residents with renewal actions of Tehran Renewal Organization. To do this, first, the aspects of residential satisfaction in deteriorated textures will be discussed. Then, the status of these aspects in renewal experiences will be reviewed. Accordingly, the aspects of achieving residential satisfaction in these fabrics are explained via deductive reasoning method. Based on historical research method, renewal experiences are studied regarding the aspects of residential satisfaction. Residential satisfaction in deteriorated fabrics is influenced by physical-environmental, services, socio-cultural, managerial, and economic aspects.
According to aspects of the theoretical framework to examine this issue in renewal experiences 1388-92 years in Tehran. Three neighborhoods Hashemi in 10 district, Moghaddam in 17 district and Takhti in 12 district as selected samples in Tehran were selected based on The cluster analysis, k-means method. Target population are residents of neighborhoods that their homes renovated between 1388-92. then based on Cochran formula 325 questioner was determined to be distributed in the neighborhoods. Questionnaires were distributed and were filled through systematic method in neighborhoods. The data of the questionnaires analysis by statistical methods such as regression and factor analysis in Spss software.
Based on outcome of Exploratory Factor Analysis seven factors (residential complex, social capital and environmental conditions residential neighborhood, The physical condition of housing units, Local Facilities and Services, Social-economic situation, Physical conditions of Neighborhood) defining as factors of residential satisfaction in these neighborhoods. The general characteristics of the residential complex, social capital and environmental conditions residential neighborhood residents account for a high percentage of residential' satisfaction. Based on renewal actions that done in these neiborhoods and results of regression analysis, Social activities, integration and renewal and environmental sanitation associate with residential' satisfaction. Activities in the field of improving the quality of construction and development stimulus projects although were defined in renewal activities but has not been considered in the following years and effectiveness of them on residential satisfaction cannot be investigated.

Deteriorated urban textures are areas of a city isolated from developmental life cycle. They have turned into the focus of problems and inefficiencies. The evaluation of renewal actions claims to promote residents’ satisfaction in some cases. At the same time of improving objective and economic quality of life, there are claims regarding the lack of any improvements in their subjective quality of life. Above physical reforms, renewal actions in deteriorated textures should consider the issue of enhancing residents’ quality of life. Hence, besides considering physical aspects, renewal thoughts must also seek to provide and promote their quality of life and satisfaction. This article explains the status of residents’ satisfaction in the internal and external experiences of urban deteriorated fabrics renewal. To do so, first, the aspects of residential satisfaction in deteriorated textures will be discussed. Then, the status of these aspects in renewal experiences will be reviewed. Accordingly, the aspects of achieving residential satisfaction in these fabrics are explained via deductive reasoning method. Based on historical research method, renewal experiences are studied regarding the aspects of residential satisfaction.   Residential satisfaction in deteriorated fabrics is influenced by all physical-environmental, services, socio-cultural, managerial, and economic aspects. Reviewing the renewal experiences across the world showed that, by 1990s, renewal was only continued based on physical and economic aspects in deteriorated areas. Yet, in this decade, it was tried to include social, managerial, and subjective aspects of residential satisfaction in the renewal of these textures by participating residents and stakeholders in the whole renewal process and using the existing social capital. In Iran, again, the evolutions of renewal thinking and actions show that, by 2000s, renewal was mainly done based on physical and economic aspects with a rationalistic, top-down and one-way management. Yet, in 2000s, it was tried to provide the scene for considering social and qualitative issues by participatory planning and development in the local scale.