mani kashani

To compare the efficacy of adding an opposite clear corneal incision (OCCI) on the steep axis during phacoemulsification in reducing the pre-existing corneal astigmatism. This randomized clinical trial was performed on 120 eyes with corneal astigmatism of >1D undergoing phacoemulsification. Incisions were made based on the type of astigmatism as follows: superior or superior+OCCI in the with-the-rule and temporal or temporal+OCCI in the against-the-rule astigmatism. Patients were followed with refraction, keratometry and topography. Statistical analyses were done using one and two ways ANOVA and Tukey-a test. Mean corneal astigmatism was 1.82±0.86 D in the superior+OCCI group and 1.74±0.86 D in the temporal+OCCI group preoperatively which respectively decreased to 1.31±0.59 (P= 0.013) and 1.19±0.64 (P= 0.009) postoperatively. No significant changes occurred in the amount of astigmatism in none of the two single incision groups. Paired OCCI on steep axis is a useful technique to correct mild to moderate pre-existing astigmatism with no need to extra skill or instrumentation.

Viral hepatitis has existed since the creation of human. The estimated prevalence of hepatitis is about 3-5%. For patients with chronic hepatitis C and moderate to severe liver fibrosis, antiviral therapy is strongly suggested, while the cases without fibrosis or with mild liver fibrosis are often followed up without receiving antiviral therapy. The purpose of the present study was to assess laboratory factors associated with the severity of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C, so that the results could be used for the follow-up and management of the disease. Patients and This cross-sectional study covered 109 patients with chronic hepatitis B or C who attended Hepatitis Clinic in Hamedan between 2000 and 2005. None of the cases had received antihepatitis treatment before the study. Patients suffering from co-infection of two or more types of hepatitis, immunodeficiency and chronic or incurable diseases were not included in the study. The data were analyzed by independent t-test, and correlation and univariant model. The mean age of the cases was 36.70 years (SD=12.23). The mean duration of hepatitis infection was 3.77 years(SD=1.62). The most common liver fibrosis severity was stage I in 59 cases (54.1%) and then stage II in 24 cases (22%). The mean of liver fibrosis severity was 1.51 (SD= 1.16). There was a relation between liver fibrosis stage and three factors, namely age at the time of infection (Pv=0.034, r=0.203), duration of infection (Pv=0.006, r=-0.259) and platelet count (Pv=0.012, r=-0.24).However, there was no statistically significant relation between liver fibrosis severity and other assessed factors. Considering the findings of the present study and other reports, it seems that age at the time of infection, duration of infection and platelet count are the three crucial factors which bear a strong relation to liver fibrosis severity and, therefore, could be applied to create prognostic models in other studies.

To compare the efficacy of adding an opposite clear corneal incision (OCCI) on the steep meridian versus performing surgery on the steep meridian alone during phacoemulsification in reducing pre-existing corneal astigmatism. This randomized clinical trial was performed on 120 eyes with corneal astigmatism of > 1D undergoing phacoemulsification. Incisions were made based on the type of astigmatism as follows: superior or superior + OCCI for with-the-rule and temporal or temporal + OCCI for against-the-rule astigmatism. Patients were followed with refraction, keratometry and topography. Statistical analysis was performed using one- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey-a test. Mean corneal astigmatism was 1.82±0.86 D in the superior + OCCI group and 1.74±0.86 D in the temporal + OCCI group preoperatively which decreased to 1.31±0.59 (P=0.013) and 1.19±0.64 (P=0.009) postoperatively respectively. No significant change occurred in the amount of astigmatism in any of the two single incision groups. Paired OCCI on the steep axis is a useful technique to correct mild to moderate pre-existing astigmatism with no need for particular skill or additional instruments.

Fasting which is a fairly long period of hungry (about 15 hours), causes metabolic changes in human. The meal program is changed during the fasting, so the level of hormonal secretion and electrolytes will be alterd. These changes could possibly affect the gender of newborns that were born from fasting mothers. In this cross-sectional study, the questionair were filled in by mothers who delivered their babies from July 27th to September 11th 2004 in Hamadan Fatamieh Hospital. The pregnancy of these mothers were concurrent with the last Ramadhan month. The sex of neonates delivered by 196 mothers who were fasted for at least ten days and their follicular phase of Last Menstrual Period (LMP) corresponded with last Ramadhan month was compared with 175 mothers who did not fast as control group. The data analysed by χ2 test and p<0.05 considered as a significant difference. The results showed that the sex ratio in the newborns of fasted mothers with the mean age of 23.275.06 years was in favor of boys (156 cases, 78.6%), which was significantly (p<0.0001) more than the control group with the mean age of (23.57±4.93 years) (80 cases 45.7%). Fasting in the follicular phase of LMP, could possibly change the sex ratio of newborns in favor of boys. Further investigations in different geographical places focussing on race and diet especially during the Ramadhan month are warranted.

Metamorphic rocks of the Hamadan region have experienced regional and also contact metamorphism (due to intrusion of gabbro, diorite and granitic bodies), therefore, their mineral assemblages have formed in multiple stages. Evidence of regional metamorphism (M) and contact metamorphisms at the contact of gabbros (M’1) and porphyroid granites (M’2) are separatable, hower At the contact of hololeucocratic granites a very local contact metamorphism (M’3) have occurred (from a few decimeter up to a few meters, due to small size of these bodies). Minerals such as micas, garnet, staurolite, cordierite, andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite are usually produced by several reactions, and participated in other reactions to form other minerals. The relationship between mineral growth to deformational events have been found at several stages (i.e. pre-tectonic, syn-tectonic and post-tectonic minerals are common in metamorphic rocks of the region.) Pegmatites and silicic veins have played essential role in some metamorphic reactions as sources for heat and fluids, so that some metamorphic minerals are common near these veins and disappear far from the veins. Considering observed mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks of the region, regional metamorphism can be correlated with low to moderate P/high T Buchan type metamorphism. In final stages of metamorphism, high T minerals such as cordierite experienced retrograde reactions or pseudomorphed and higher pressure minerals such as kyanite have been more stable.

Introduction & Considering the important role of prenatal care providing mothers and children health, this study performed to recognize the rate of receiving the prenatal care by pregnant women and how they receive it. The authors hope that the results would be useful in decreasing the mortality of mothers and children, the most vulnerable groups. This is a cross-sectional study which was performed during 3 months in all maternal hospitals in Hamadan. In this way 500 pregnant women who referred to maternal hospitals of Hamadan were selected randomly. Data gathering was on the base of interview, recorded on the questionnaire. 91.4% of women had prenatal care and 84.6% of women had their first visit during their first trimester of pregnancy.83.6% of women had intermediate visits. There was a meaningful statistical relationship between the presence or absence of prenatal care and variables such as education, parity and the number of living children. In addition a meaningful statistical relationship was found between the place of visits and age, education, occupation, place of living, abortion, the number of living children and the number of previous preterm labors. There was a meaningful relationship between the time of first visit and the place of living, parity and the number of living children. A meaningful relationship was found between the quality of cares and the number of living children, the interval between the last two pregnancies and presence or absence of difficulties in previous pregnancies. Most of women refer for prenatal care but only a small number of them receive appropriate care. Profiting by prenatal care, place of care, time of the first visit and the quality of the care affected by the social and obstetrical background of women.

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the common causes of absence from work place and life quality among women. According to some studies, fish oil administration results in production of weaker prostaglandin’s (PG) and reduces the severity of dysmenorrhea. The aim of this study is to experience the efficacy of fish oil on dysmenorrhea, which is a cheap drug and with low side effects. In this clinical trial, the students separated into two groups those affected with primary dysmenorrhea by referring to girl's high schools and complete the questionnaires. In the next stage randomly were selected two groups each group included 22 students with primary dysmenorrhea. In first group fish oil capsules and the other group placebo were recommended for duration of two months. These students were evaluated before drug recommendation, at the end of two months treatment and two months afterward. In these three stages pain severity by VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) system and pain duration by Cox scaling system were be recorded in each group. There is not meaningfull statistically difference in the average age, age of menarche, menstrual condition (regular or irregular) and accompaniment with symptoms of PMS (premenstrual syndrome) between fish oil and placebo groups. Before recommendation of capsules the average of pain severity did not have a meaningful statistically difference between two groups. The average pain duration also had similar situation. After two months treatment, the average of pain severity (VAS) in fish oil group was significantly less than which in placebo group (p<0.05). Also the average of pain duration in fish oil group was less than which in placebo group with a statistical difference of (p<0.05). Moreover, two months after the end of treatment the average of pain severity (VAS) and pain duration (hour) had meaningfull statistically difference between fish oil and placebo groups and were less in fish oil group. As compared with placebo, the fish oil capsule after two months of consumption had a significant effect on reduction of pain severity and duration in primary dismenorrhea. Also two months afterward from the end of this clinical trial the effect was more than placebo.

The aim of this study was to evaluate an enzyme – linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti – helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) specific IgG antibodies in specimens of oral fluid.All subjects over the age 18 years undergoing endoscopy for any reason were asked to participate in the study. Two groups of 44 patients in each were selected as HP+ and HP-. At the same time, 5 milliliters of unstimulated saliva was collected from these patients, and the antibody titration against H.P. was evaluated by “ELISA” method.In overall, the level of salivary antibody in H.P+ group was significantly more than those in H.P- group (P<0/001). In the best cut – off, sensitivity and specificity obtained in this test were respectively 88.6% and 81.8% and positive predictive and negative predictive values were determined as 83% and 87.8%, respectively. Positive Likelihood Ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 6.8 and –0/083, respectively.Oral fluid ELISA is relatively a comfortable, fast and noninvasive test for diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

Despite the fact that most people are worried about having high cholesterol levels, low cholesterol may actually be associated with adverse behavioral effects such as aggression and depression. The aim of this survey was to show whether there was a significant relationship between cholesterol and triglyceride with depression. The level of cholesterol and triglyceride was measured in 80 depressed patients referred or admitted to Sina hospital whose depressive symptoms were assessed by DSM IV criteria. The control group comprised of normal subjects. Cholesterol and triglyceride measurements were done on blood samples of the two groups. There was no significant relationship between age, sex and triglyceride levels with depression (P>0.05), but there was a significant relationship between low cholesterol and depression (P<0.05). It can be concluded that there is significant relationship between low cholesterol and depression whereas it is not the case for triglyceride

Garlic, an antioxidant plant, can react with amino groups of proteins to form Schiff bases. As diabetes leads to glycation of various proteins and this in turn has some effects on the structure of proteins and biochemical activity of them, the inhibition of this process seems very vital. For several years researchers in this field have done their best to recognize the antidiabetic compounds. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of garlic on albumin glycation in vitro.In the presence of various concentrations of garlic, albumin was glycated and evaluated using TBA (thio-barbituric acid) method. The results showed that garlic has a statistically significant (P<0.05) effect in inhibiting or decreasing the reaction of albumin glycation. The findings of this research shows that garlic probably inhibits the reaction of glycation and decreases complications occurring in diabetes.