marina shariati

Aging is a pervasive biological process that leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in physical function across all organ systems. The prevalence and severity of hypertension in women increase significantly with age.

This study investigated the effect of combined exercise (fitness and pilates) on metalloproteinase-1 levels and blood pressure indices in elderly women.

In this study, a purposive sample of 30 older women in Ahvaz was selected from the available community and randomly divided into an exercise group (pilates and fitness) and a control group (daily activity). The experimental group performed the exercise program for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Serum levels of metalloproteinase-1 and hemodynamic parameters were measured 48 hours before and after the intervention by ELISA using a human kit. Paired t-test and analysis of covariance were used to examine changes within and between groups. The significance level was set at P ≥ 0.05.

After eight weeks of exercise, hemodynamic values (including systolic, diastolic, mean blood pressure, and heart rate) and serum metalloproteinase-1 levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05).

The selected exercise (pilates and fitness) changed hemodynamic indicators (blood pressure and heart rate) and decreased serum metalloproteinase-1 levels in elderly women. This exercise can return blood pressure to normal levels and help with complications.

The relationship between heart diseases and oxidative stress has been determined. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of aerobic training along with melatonin on the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene in the heart tissue of diabetic male rats.

In this experimental research, 64 eight-week-old male Wistar rats (weight range: 204 ± 11.3 grams) were randomly were placed into eight groups: diabetes control, diabetes+melatonin, diabetes+exercise,diabetes+melatonin+exercise.Healthy+melatonin,healthy+exercise,healthy+melatonin+exercise and healthy controls. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin 50 mg/kg of rat weight. Then, the exercise groups performed six weeks of continuous aerobic training on the treadmill. Also, melatonin was injected at a dose of 10 mg/kg of weight daily for 6 weeks. The level of IL-6 gene expression in heart tissue was measured by real time technique. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis and the significance level (P ≥ 0.05) was considered.

The results showed that the induction of diabetes caused a significant increase in IL-6 in the diabetic groups compared to the healthy groups (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant decrease in IL-6 gene expression in the diabetes+melatonin+exercise group compared to the control diabetes group (P<0.05).

Based on the results of aerobic exercise along with melatonin supplementation can reduce inflammation in the heart tissue of diabetic rats by reducing IL-6 and thus prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Obesity is considered as a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 (NRF2)/ Protein P21 (P21)/Oxidation Resistance Protein (OXR1) pathway in the experimental model of obesity induced by high-fat and fructose diet.

Twenty-Four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups including standard diet, high-fat/fructose diet and high-fat/fructose diet+ Aerobic exercise group. At the end of study, the anthropometrics parameters, lipid profile and antioxidant gene expression (OXR1, P21, NRF2) were measured in all groups.

A high-fat diet containing fructose increased serum total cholesterol, body mass index, and Li index in male rats. The expression level of OXR1, Nrf2 and P21 genes in the cardiac tissue of obese rats was changes compare to the control group. However, 8 weeks exercise caused to improves the cardiac damage parameters and antioxidant genes in obese rats.

It seems that aerobic exercise could modulate the antioxidant defense system and improve fat metabolism in cardiac tissue. It is suggested that aerobic exercise can be considered as useful treatment in obese patients with cardiovascular dysfunction.

Obesity is a direct contributor to cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiac failure.

The goal of this study was to examine how aerobic training impacts cardiac biomarkers by analyzing the protein kinase R ( PKR )/toll-like receptor ( TLR ) gene expression in an obesity model induced by a high-fat/fructose diet.

In this study, we used 24 Wistar rats with a weight range of 204 ± 11.3 grams. They were divided into three groups: A standard diet group, a high-fat diet (HFD) with fructose group (60% fat and 25% fructose), and an obese rats group with aerobic exercise. At the end of the study, the Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A (Lp-PLA2), cystatin C, and PKR / TLR gene expression were measured in all groups.

Compared to the control group, the HFD with fructose increased the Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, Lp-PLA2, and cystatin C. The expression levels of TLR (P ≤ 0.001) and PKR (P ≤ 0.01) genes in the cardiac tissue of obese rats were significantly higher than those in the control group. The obese rats showed a significant decrease in PKR gene expression when following the high-fat/fructose diet plus aerobic exercise regimen. However, the obese group did not exhibit a significant difference in TLR4 gene expression compared to the HFD plus aerobic exercise rats.

Based on the data, aerobic exercise was found to affect the PKR / TLR pathway, leading to improved cardiovascular inflammatory biomarkers in obese rats.

Obesity, characterized by abnormal accumulation or excess lipids, is a major cause of increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases.

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the expression of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), Protein kinase C (PKC), and Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2) genes in experimental rat models of diet-induced obesity.

Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) obesity, (3) exercise, and (4) obesity + exercise. At the end of the experiment, cardiac hypertrophy markers and real-time PCR were used to evaluate and compare the gene expression levels of DAG, PKC, and PIP2 in cardiac tissue across all groups.

A high-fat diet containing fructose significantly increased the gene expression levels of DAG, PKC, and PIP2 in the cardiac tissue of obese rats compared to the control group. However, 6 weeks of aerobic exercise led to a significant decrease in DAG and PKC gene expression compared to the obese rats. Although there was no significant change in PIP2 gene expression in the obesity + exercise group compared to obese rats.

Based on the results of this study, it appears that aerobic exercise can modulate the expression of DAG and PKC genes, which play a critical role in cardiac remodeling.

NF-κB and Nrf2 are key regulators of oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of regular aerobic exercise and melatonin on NF-κB and Nrf2 gene expression and oxidative stress markers in the heart tissue of diabetic male rats.

Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, diabetic, diabetic + melatonin, diabetic + exercise, and diabetic + melatonin + exercise. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Exercise groups underwent 42 days of treadmill running (15 m/min, 30 min/day). Melatonin (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 42 days. Heart tissue was analyzed for NF-κB and Nrf2 gene expression (real-time PCR) and oxidative stress markers (MDA and TAC, ELISA).

Combined aerobic exercise and melatonin significantly decreased NF-κB gene expression while increasing Nrf2 expression compared to the diabetic group. Moreover, MDA levels were reduced, and TAC levels were elevated in the treatment groups.

Aerobic exercise and melatonin supplementation synergistically ameliorated diabetic cardiomyopathy by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings suggest a potential preventive role for this combined intervention.

 Neuroinflammation plays a central role in the onset and development of diabetic neuropathic pain.

 This study aims to thoroughly investigate the effects of aerobic training and melatonin on TNF-α expression in rats suffering from diabetic neuropathic pain.

 Twenty-five male Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks and weighing 204 ± 11.3 g, were randomly assigned to one of five groups: Diabetic, melatonin-treated diabetic, exercise-trained diabetic, melatonin and exercise-trained diabetic, and control. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 50 mg/kg. After verifying the development of diabetes through a pain perception test, the training group underwent six weeks of continuous aerobic training on a treadmill with an average intensity of 15 meters per minute for 30 minutes. The melatonin groups received a daily dose of 10 mg per kilogram of body weight for 6 weeks. TNF-α expression levels were measured using real-time PCR.

 The combination of aerobic training and melatonin supplementation significantly decreased TNF-α expression levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of TNF-α expression were found to be lower in the diabetic group compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

 It appears that combining aerobic training with melatonin supplementation can regulate TNF-α expression levels and enhance the sensitivity of nociceptors to nociceptive factors resulting from the gradual deterioration of sensory neurons caused by diabetes.

studies have shown that the increase of active oxygen species is associated with damage to bone cells and the role of exercise and vitamin D on bone health has been proven;the aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of aerobic exercise with vitamin D supplements on bone resorption markers in rats exposed to oxidative damage induced by H2O2.  Sixty male adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups of six rats including:1)1 mmol/kg H2O2, 2)2 mmol/kg H2O2, 3)1mmol/kg H2O2+vitamin D,4) 1mmol/kg H2O2+aerobic training,5)1mmol/kg H2O2+Vitamin D+aerobic training,6)2 mmol/kg H2O2+Vitamin D,7)2mmol/kg H2O2+aerobic training,8)2mmol/kg H2O2+Vitamin D+aerobic training;9)Sham (D-methyl- Sulfoxide+normal saline); and(10)control and for 8 weeks were under the protocol of intervention.The levels of TRACP/5B and NTX were measured by ELISA method. Two-way and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used to analysis of data (p≤0.05). 1and 2 mmol/kg H2O2 had no significant effect on NTX and TRACP/5B levels(p≥0/05). Eight weeks of aerobic training increased of NTX levels in rats exposed to 2mmol/kg H2O2 (p≤0/05).Eight weeks of Vitamine D had no significant effect on NTX and TRACP/5B levels (p≥0/05).Also eight weeks of aerobic training along with Vitamin D had no interactive effects on increase of NTX and TRACP/5B levels in rats exposed to 1and 2mmol/kg H2O2(p≥0/05). It seems that doses of 1 and 2mg/kg H2O2 have not significant effect on changes in bone resorption markers,but aerobic exercise had a significant effect on NTX increase in rats exposed to oxidative damage induced by 2mg/kg H2O2.

Osteoporosis is one of the bone diseases that various factors such as oxidative stress have a role in creating it. The current research aimed to examine the synchronous effect of aerobic physical exercise and Vitamin D supplementation on osteocalcine and alkaline phosphatase in rats poisoned by H2O2. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups of six-rat including: (1) received hydrogen peroxide H2O2; (2) double quantity of hydrogen peroxide; (3) hydrogen peroxide + vitamin-D; (4) hydrogen peroxide + aerobic exercise; (5) hydrogen peroxide+ vitamin-D+ aerobic exercise; (6) Double- content hydrogen peroxide + vitamin-D; (7) double-content hydrogen peroxide + aerobic exercise; (8) double-content hydrogen peroxide + vitamin-D + aerobic exercise; (9) scheme (dimethyl sulfoxide + normal saline) and (10) control group, and were treated under intervention protocol for 8 weeks. The serum levels of osteocalcine and alkaline phosphatase were measured by ELISA method. One-way ANOVA was utilized to examine the possible difference between the hydrogen peroxide, double-content hydrogen peroxide, and scheme and control groups and also in order to determine the interactive effects of aerobic exercise and vitamin-D on the research variables, Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test were employed (p≤0.05). Conducting aerobic exercise and vitamin-D supplementation for eight weeks had interactive effect on the significant rise of  osetocalcine levels in the rats poisoned with 1mm.mol/kg (p=0.001); aerobic exercise (p=0.006) increased significantly the serum levels of osteocalcine in comparison with the groups not treated by aerobic exercise in the rats poisoned with 2mm.mol/kg. It seems that both exercise and Vitamin-D supplementation improve symptoms of osteogenesis. Nevertheless, with respect to the insignificant effect of hydrogen peroxide on research variables, conducting further studies is necessary.

  Today, considering the mechanical life, sitting behind the table and doing harmful movements make susceptible people prone to musculoskeletal abnormalities, the reason for which is remained unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between flexibility and somatotype with abnormal lumbar lordosis among female students. A total of 92 female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University participated in the study. Research variables included the degree of lumbar lordosis measured using 30-cm flexible ruler and forward bending test using Youdas and Rate of flexibility method. Somatotype (endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph) was calculated using Heath and Carter somatotype method. The data were analyzed using Spearman, correlation, and multiple regression with the significance level set at α= 0.05. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between flexibility and lumbar lordosis (r=-0.11, p=0.3), but there was a significant negative relationship between endomorph and lumbar lordosis (r=-0.40 and p=0.0001). There was a positive relationship between mesomorph somatotype (r=0.18, p =0.09) as well as the ectomorph somatotype (r=0.07, p=0.48) and lumbar lordosis. Regression of predicted lumbar lordosis using variables of the flexibility and somatotype was significant only for endomorphy and mesomorphy components (f=4.35and p=0.003). According to the results and the possibility of predicting lordosis changes using somatotype components, it seems that physical conditions of the individual should be considered prior to any intervention in spinal abnormalities.