maryam shamsaei

Based on the evidence, participation in congregational prayers positively impacts mental and spiritual health, fostering spiritual guidance. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify the factors contributing to students’ non-attendance in congregational prayers at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and propose solutions to enhance participation in this divine obligation. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 436 students selected through a stratified random sampling method, from a total population of 9471 students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2023. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic information and factors affecting participation in congregational prayers. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS  software (version 23). Independent t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation coefficients were used to examine the effects of demographic factors on the total questionnaire score. The results of the statistical tests showed that demographic variables, field and level of education, marital status, and age significantly affected the total score of the questionnaire (P<0.05). Married individuals (P=0.014) and professional doctoral students (P=0.034) had higher questionnaire scores. Besides, the scores increased with age (P=0.001). Physical factors, the role of the prayer leader, social influences, and personal inclinations significantly influenced attendance (P≤0.001), while extracurricular activities and the presence of a counselor had no significant effect (P=0.924). The findings suggested that better-equipping prayer halls, organizing extracurricular activities, the effective role of prayer leaders and religious advisors, and the presence of university officials and professors in congregational prayers could encourage students to participate in this divine obligation. University authorities can facilitate maximum participation through better planning and programming.

Abrahamic faiths, which are among the divine revelations, consider science to be the knowledge of the universe and humans. The proper understanding of science is the study of the natural world through the lens of religious metaphysics which takes into account all relevant factors from a religious viewpoint.This study aims to survey the effect of religious worldview on the metaphysical principles that govern science, and deals with the following questions:1) What effect do religious metaphysical foundations have on the interpretation of scientific theories? 2) How scientific work, in the light of the divine worldview, ensures the material and spiritual needs of mankind? 3) Is experimental science influenced by religious and philosophical values and insights? 4) Are various human and natural sciences far from value judgments?In this paper, we use the fact that all scientific theories are based on some metaphysical assumptions that are not taken from these sciences but are rooted in philosophies or religions and provide a worldview for the scientist. Furthermore, these worldviews affect scientists’ motivations and their choices of theories.We argue that the worldview of monotheistic religions puts the totality of scientific issues in the context of religious metaphysics.

Professional ethics is an important branch of ethics, for its full understanding, it is necessary to know the roots of ethics. Medical ethics is a type of professional ethics with characteristics from both theoretical and practical aspects. Spiritual well-being can be defined as a sense of connection with others, having meaning and purpose in life, and having belief and connection with a transcendent power. Paying attention to the principles of medical ethics is the basis for providing professional and appropriate services to patients. Also, observing ethics in general is effective in a person's mental health. As a result, there may be a relationship between spiritual well-being and professional ethics. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and professional ethics in medical students of Shiraz.

This observational-descriptive study was conducted cross-sectionally on 108 basic science students, 54 physiopathology students, and 188 clinical medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2023. To collect data, a questionnaire form including spiritual well-being and professional ethics questionnaires was used. Demographic characteristics, including age, gender, educational level, living, and native status were also asked at the beginning of the questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24 software.

In the current study, 350 people were investigated, 190 (54.3%) were women and 160 (45.7%) were men. The mean age of the studied population was 23.00±3.12. The spiritual well-being score of the participants was 37.80±8.90, which was in the higher-than-average range. Spiritual well-being in women was significantly (P=0.002) higher than in men, and spiritual well-being had no statistically significant relationship with other demographic variables. The professional ethics score of the participants was 72.35±16.74, which was in the higher-than-average range. The score of professional ethics in women was significantly (P=0.002) higher than that of men, and professional ethics had no statistically significant relationship with other demographic variables. Professional ethics and spiritual well-being had a positive and statistically significant relationship (P<0.001, r=0.875).

Based on the research findings, there was a positive and significant relationship between spiritual well-being and the professional ethics of medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Therefore, the promotion of spiritual well-being can be considered as an approach to strengthen the professional ethics of students.

Depression is one of the common mental challenges in society, which is not limited to a specific time, place, or person, and can include all groups of society, including students. In the past, the positive effect of spirituality on mental health has been proven and this relationship is known to be significant. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual health and depression in medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross-sectional observational-descriptive study, 108 basic science students, 54 physiopathology students, and 188 clinical medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were investigated. To collect data, a questionnaire form including spiritual health and depression questionnaires was used. Demographic status, including age, sex, educational level, living status, and native status were also asked at the beginning of the questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24 software.

Data analysis showed that the level of spiritual health of the majority of participants (53.4%) was moderate. The level of spiritual health had a statistically significant relationship with all demographic variables except age. In terms of depression status, 241 people (68.9%) of the participants did not have depression. Eighty people (22.9%) had mild depression, 25 people (7.1%) had moderate depression, and 4 people (1.1%) had severe depression. The state of depression had a statistically significant relationship with the variables of residence status and being native/non-native, and it did not have a statistically significant relationship with other demographic variables. The state of depression had a statistically significant relationship with the level of spiritual health in such a way that the highest prevalence of lack of depression was related to the group with the high level of spiritual health and severe depression had the highest prevalence in the group with the low level of spiritual health (P<0.05).

The present study showed that there was a significant and inverse relationship between spiritual health and the severity of depression in medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Therefore, promoting spiritual health can be considered as one of the approaches to reduce the prevalence of depression in the student population.

The attention to politics and health based on transcendent wisdom, aimed at improving the country's healthcare system and medical education, holds a fundamental position. The possibility of integrating and linking religious teachings and modern medicine by the transcendent government for a comprehensive approach to health is essential. The present study investigates transcendent medicine's position in Islamic political philosophy. It demonstrates through a descriptive-analytical method that within the framework of political philosophy and with a deep understanding of Islamic thought foundations (Quran and Sunnah), a strong foundation can be laid for enhancing the existential dimensions of individuals and addressing the challenges of the healthcare system with the assistance of transcendent medicine. In the Islamic system, attention is expected to be paid to health and well-being from a transcendent and Islamic perspective. Therefore, focusing on politics and health based on transcendent wisdom for improving the healthcare system and medical education and integrating religious teachings and modern medicine by the transcendent government is essential for a holistic approach to health. Transcendent medicine, a dual-dimensional science consisting of material and spiritual dimensions composed of insights and values, can replace modern healthcare, which has a one-dimensional and positivist view of human beings. One of the characteristics of the Islamic philosophy of health and politics is that, outwardly, it encompasses behavioral and practical dimensions, and spiritually, it encompasses the transcendence in mental, spiritual, and emotional health, which plays a significant role in individual and governmental health. Therefore, the Islamic philosophy of health and politics encompasses physical, social, political, cultural, and other dimensions, indicating their inherent complementarity and interdependence. This necessitates politicians' active presence, foresight, and determination to focus on and fundamentally implement transcendent medicine in society.

The Abrahamic religions include the three monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All of these religions consider Abraham as their ancestor, and they consider science to be the knowledge of the universe and humanity, which are divine revelations. The framework of science in the Abrahamic religions uses three basic concepts: 1) monotheism (as a fundamental principle, a single and all-encompassing Divine vision) 2) the universe (as a divine creation) 3) science (as an all-encompassing knowledge about the world as the sign of God). The purpose of writing this paper is to find the common principles governing science among Abrahamic religions, using a descriptive-analytical method based on library sources. The results of this research is an intellectual attempt to draw on the commonalities between various Abrahamic religions in the areas of constructive dialogue in the field of globalization, based on revelatory and spiritual teachings, to achieve the unification of the world, which is one of the divine promises and is rooted in the natural foundations of humanity.

One of the topics to consider in the dimension of health is to pay attention to all dimensions of human existence. Health has four dimensions which include: physical, mental, social and spiritual health. In this article, the psychological dimension of human health is considered. has taken. Moral virtues and vices are symbols of the health of the human soul or its illness, and divine prophets, infallible leaders and moral teachers, are spiritual doctors, and their commands are healing medicines. Attention to mental illnesses and their treatment solutions have been mentioned.

The present writing is based on the subject and its nature, using the descriptive-analytical method and the library method, which has been used in an inferential and inferential way from the Quranic verses and hadiths. After collecting the documents and documents, he analyzed the data and for this purpose, all the desired information was collected by referring to religious and medical first-hand sources and articles and publications related to Quranic teachings and psychology, medicine and religion, and then the contents Collected has been categorized and analyzed according to the objectives and questions of the research.

Findings:

 (results) The necessity of providing original texts with appropriate categories and compilations in finding clear answers to modern issues of human life and thinking and drawing a healthy human life in the age of neglect and oblivion, people are engaged in various professions and tendencies, none of which will ultimately be the way to salvation. was, prompted us to pay close attention to the text of a hadith by Imam Ali (peace be upon him) about the attributes of the beloved Prophet of Islam in this research. This hadith is found in Nahj al-Balagha, sermon 108, and has sections; But a part of this sermon is the purpose of this article.

Sermon 108 of Nahj al-Balagheh, by expressing the infallible qualities and characteristics of the Prophet, compares them to a doctor who seeks to cure the disease of humans and tries to cure it by identifying the points of influence of the disease. To treat the disease of neglect and confusion, it is necessary to treat the human heart, ear and tongue, and in this treatment, the levels of treatment should be observed from degrees of softness to severity and strictness.

The dimensions of human existence typically encompass the physical, social, and psychological aspects. However, researchers have discovered that to enhance overall health, individuals also require the inclusion of a fourth dimension: spiritual health. This study aims to identify different dimensions of spiritual health affecting physical health rehabilitation in patients with COVID-19. This qualitative research used the thematic analysis method based on an interpretive-constructive paradigm. The participants included 22 patients with COVID-19 quarantined at home and treated by home medical service institutions. Data for the study were collected through semi-structured interviews, while the analysis of the collected data employed Brown and Clark's six-step method. Through an iterative process of continuous interaction and data reduction, 200 concepts or codes, 22 sub-themes, and six overarching themes (or main themes) emerged. Based on the findings of this study, various aspects of the attitude toward spiritual health were found to improve the health of people affected by COVID-19. These dimensions encompass six main themes: "God-centered", "self-improvement", "spiritual lifestyle", "religious alienation", "spiritualism" and "spiritual well-being". These themes stem from the spiritual health of the individuals. Given the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is notable that spiritual tools played a significant role in promoting the recovery of individuals' health and spiritual well-being. Therefore, it becomes feasible to incorporate spiritual health interventions alongside conventional treatments for disease management. Additionally, it is crucial to prioritize training both healthcare staff and patients in this regard.

a part of the speech of imams is orders and recommendations regarding health maintenance, treatment, prevention of diseases and in general the Islamic lifestyle, which will be drawn for a Shiite from the words of Al-Masween, peace be upon him.

This research refers to the hadiths of Rawza Kafi about meat and analyze them in a descriptive-analytical manner, which deals with the issue of hadiths of Rawza Kafi about meat for the treatment and prevention of diseases with the approach of validating the issuance and jurisprudence of hadith. .

After examining the narrations about meat and its accessories, the meanings can be divided into three categories: describing the types of meat, examining the manners of eating meat and its accessories, and the importance and role of meat in health. Following the description of the properties, importance and effects of the consumption of meats, in this category of narrations, it is seen that the prohibition of consumption of salted or dried meat is prohibited. By examining the opinions of some experts, by consuming such meats due to the loss of nutrients and the increased possibility of contracting many diseases, similar results are obtained.

In this article, based on the Islamic lifestyle, the correct method of using food resources to prevent diseases has been analyzed based on hadiths. In this direction, efforts have been made to have the hadiths of the Arbaah books, including Kafi after revision, applied and a practical way to emerge in the social life of families. Since the health of food using hadith has not been properly and properly considered in the lifestyle, it is necessary to pay more attention to this science in order to connect to the source of science and immunity from errors and mistakes.

One of the essential topics in the history of science is to investigate the position and capabilities of Muslim scientists in scientific innovations because paying attention to this issue will moderate the common extremist ideas and propaganda toward Muslims. The current study is a review study with a descriptive-analytical design. In this research, the authors investigated how Andalusian Muslim scholars invented medications and their role in promoting the pharmaceutical science has been discussed by examining the books and articles related to the history of Islamic medicine. Among the important issues in recognizing the Muslims’ scientific heritage, especially the history of pharmaceutical science, is the research and testing methods. In this way, important results can be achieved, including a) Introducing the progress of eastern experimental sciences and Islamic civilization, b) The complementary role of science and religion in the islamic rulers’ thoughts and beliefs. In this article, some of the most famous Andalusian pharmacists have been introduced, including Ibn Juljul, Abou Salt Andaloussi, Ahmad Ibn Mohammad Al-Ghafiqi, and Ibn Abi Usaybi'a. The East and Islamic civilization introduced pharmaceutical science to the West. In general, the positive and constructive effect of Islamic culture and civilization on the development of pharmaceuticals and medicine is an undeniable historical fact.

In this paper, we will attempt to establish, in a phenomenological study, an ontological relationship between the pre-contemplative lifestyles of a people and politics that make it possible to understand the concept of political ontology in conjunction with the fundamental concept of lifestyle. In this framework, we will try to show how this neither the Islamic state, whether it is the prophet of the Prophet or the Imam of the innocent, or whether the Shi'a or Sunni cleric, but the Muslim soul, was in the way of life or form of It is a question of joining the world that represents the religion of Islam as a political entity. We will discuss the ways of joining the world and the specific system of physical control that make different political identities by studying prayer and its logical interactions. We will finally show how prayer, especially as a collective sanction, is a form of identity or political distinction. We will try to study the relationship between the concept of friendship, its Aristotelian meaning, and prayer-related politics. We will also show how prayer, like other religious practices, can be in the form of collective relations as a democratic basis for forming political identity, or as we see in the radical Democracy of Chantal Moff. We will try to turn the concept of prayer into the theoretical foundation for formulating the concept of a socially Muslim way in a political recitation of Islam.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological well-being of nurses based on the variables of spiritual health, resilience, and emotional atmosphere of the family during the corona pandemic and its effect on nurses' emotional distress tolerance.

The present study was a correlational study. The statistical population of the study includes all nurses of public hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. Due to the corona pandemic conditions, 200 members of the community were randomly selected as the research sample. Data were collected using standard questionnaires of psychological well-being, spiritual health, resilience, family emotional atmosphere, and emotional distress tolerance and were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS and Amos software.

The proposed model had a good fit. Based on the results of structural equations, spiritual health (P = 0.170 and P = 0.012), resilience (P = 0.180 and P = 0.008), and family emotional atmosphere (P = 0.360 and P < 0.001) directly affected the nurses' psychological well-being. Moreover, the indirect effects of spiritual health (P = 0.083 and P = 0.012), resilience (P = 0.088 and P = 0.005), and family emotional atmosphere (P = 0.170 and P < 0.001) on the nurses' emotional distress tolerance through psychological well-being was confirmed. Only the direct effect of resilience on emotional distress tolerance (P = 0.030 and P = 0.570) was not confirmed in the model.

The spiritual health, resilience, and emotional atmosphere of the family lead to improvement of psychological well-being and also increase the nurses' emotional distress tolerance.

Parents are aware of the importance of anterior tooth esthetics in their children. Children also pay attention to their appearance more than ever. Today, charcoal has been added to toothpastes. This study aimed to investigate the degree of bleaching and abrasion of charcoal toothpaste on primary teeth.

This in-vitro study was performed on 30 extracted primary teeth. Initially, the samples were polished, cut, and mounted in blocks of putty. The samples were placed in a coffee solution and then the tooth color was measured by a spectrophotometer and the initial surface profile was measured by a profilometer. The samples were brushed back and forth by the brushing machine with 20 gr Bancer, Beverly, and Colgate toothpastes (mixed with 40 ml of distilled water) for 2000 times (equivalent to 3 times a day for 1.5 months). A color determination was performed again and a second surface profile was measured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA and paired t-test.

The results of this study showed that all three Beverly, Bencer and Colgate whitening toothpastes increased the surface profile and made significant statistical changes in the roughness of dental specimens (P=0.01, P=0.005, P=0.001). The statistical study of the data did not show a significant difference between the groups in terms of abrasion and whitening properties (P=0.78, P= 0.99).

Three whitening toothpastes whiten primary teeth and increase their surface roughness. These three toothpastes are not statistically different in terms of abrasion and whitening properties.

Charcoal toothpastes can whiten teeth through abrasion. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of whitening and abrasiveness of charcoal toothpastes in permanent teeth.

In this in vitro study, 30 premolars were polished, sectioned, mounted, and stored for 5 days in a coffee solution at 37°C. The color and surface profile of the teeth were measured by spectrophotometry and a profilometric device, respectively. The specimens were divided into 3 groups of 10 and were brushed 2000 times(equivalent to 3 times a day for 1.5 months) in a brushing machine using 20 g of each toothpaste (Bencer, Beverly, and Colgate) mixed with 40 ml of distilled water. The color and surface profile were remeasured. Bonferroni test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the abrasion. One‑way ANOVA was used to assess the whitening.

The three toothpastes caused changes in the surface profile (P = 0.0001). ΔE was equal to 3.3 (within the acceptable range) in all groups (95% confidence interval). There was no significant difference in abrasion (P > 0.05) and color change (P = 0.884) among toothpastes.

The results of this study showed that all the three used toothpastes have the abrasive and whitening effect on the samples significantly. The differences between the toothpastes were not significant.

One of the topics of modern theology in the field of theological studies is to explain the relationship between science and religion from the perspective of thinkers and researchers. Researchers in this field have different perspectives to express the relationship between science and religion in a way that includes conflict, differentiation, interaction and adaptation. The relationship between science and religion can be examined from different angles, so what is more important It examines the "relationship between religion and science" from an epistemological perspective. In this study, exploring epistemological factors means the tools and cognitive resources of the products of science and religion. This research, which is descriptive-analytical and library method, has analyzed the data after collecting documents. Discussion about the sources and tools of cognition in the two fields of science and religion, shows that based on the different epistemological foundations that we see in these two approaches, both in the definition of tools and sources of cognition and in the amount of knowledge and realism of sources there is a difference. While the scientific approach is based on the denial of abstract beings. Therefore, on the subject of the relationship between science and religion, it is appropriate to extend the discussion of the analysis of tools and resources to the discussion of "epistemological foundations" While analyzing the ontological foundations of both, the fate of many scientific controversies will be clarified in more depth. In that case, the commonalities and differences between science and religion become clear.

Cultural determinants of Health related concepts result from complicated socio-cultural processes. In addition to health and disease determinants, one’s culture can help assess the views of patients and health-care providers with regard to health .One’s health relates to various cultural beliefs, social, psycological and spiritual fundamentals.. The purpose of this article was to study the effects of culture on health. Islamic culture based on religious teachings is the prominent culture in our country , because the majority of the population are Muslims and the government is Islamic. In this article, health and spiritual health, which have a special value in Islamic culture are discussed.

This was a descriptive-analytical study which was performed using the indirect method for collecting archived documents, private documents, and books.

Islam has produced a culture based on beliefs, convictions, as well as verbal, behavioral and ethical rules; it has introduced an efficient and comprehensive lifestyle for its followers all over the world.Attention to the divine view provides physical, psychological and spiritual health for people, which shows the creation of a divine culture to ensure bliss and excellence for mankind.

This study explained that culture ensures bliss for mankind in this world and the next; the divine Islamic culture provides for health of the society in all aspects including spiritual health to prevent and treat diseases.

One of the important topics in medicine is the issue of medical ethics  (ME).  Muslim physicians have been noted to comply wth ME since the Islamic civilization perod especially in Iran.

Herein we review the basics of medical ethics and its importance in  ancient Iran and in Islam

In this review study, which is based on historical research and with reference to texts, an attempt has been made to answer the basic questions relative to ME.

This article, explains the standards and ethical principles for physicians and its importance in Iran and in Islam; ethical principles ME for physicians outside the Islamic world  have been based on the teachings of Islam and the moral principles most Iranian physicians abide by are based on Islamic teachings. Treatments rendered by Muslim physicians in the fourth to seventh century were done considering the combination of religious and social beliefs of Iranians before and after Islam.

Characteristics and ethical principles abided by Iranian physicians in antiquity as well as in the Islamic era respected ME in treatment of patients.

Medical Ethics (ME) is an important issue in all clinical sciences, the policies of which must be adhered to in all studies. From the point of view of Islam, morality is pursued in ME. ME  is intertwined with morality. The Islamic Medical Awakening, based on the Quranic verses, narrates the Prophet’s (pbuh) and the Imams, divine views of ME .On the other hand, Western or modern medical ethics are rooted in oaths like the Oath of Hippocrates which is the foundation of western medical ethics. The aim of this article was to review the foundations of medical ethics in the "Synopsis of Wisdom" and compare it with medical ethics of the American Physiotherapy Association (APTA).

In this article, the analytical citation method was used to study Islamic medical ethics from the "Synopsis of Wisdom" written by Iranian Muslim thinker and physician Hakim Aghili and compare it with APTA.

The ruling system of Islamic medical ethics is based on the inherent status and dignity of human beings and there is a fundamental difference between the values of Islamic societies and modern Western societies where the only criterion for its usefulness. Therefore, different principles can be used for different ethical issues.

Islamic texts and books of Muslim thinkers, have paid close attention has been paid close attention to recent authoritative medical ethics texts. And the similarities of these two attitudes can be noted as both are patient-centered and the codes of ethics approved by the American Physiotherapy Association (APTA) make us realize that all the items mentioned comply to the resolution found in the books and based on the views of great thinkers.

The aim of this study was to examine barriers to knowledge transfer of new staff and officials of departments in Persian Gulf Martyrs hospital in Bushehr project was based on the pattern Szulanski.

This study was a description of type correlation.The sample consisted of 220 personnel of the Bushehr Persian Gulf Martyrs random sampling method, the researchers chose. According to the study, the researcher designed questionnaire Szulanski (1996) between members of the research. The questionnaire used in the study consisted of four components of knowledge, as the recipient of knowledge, context and characteristics of knowledge. To analyze the data to answer questions T One-sample test and Pearson's correlation and regression tests were used to assess hypothesis research.

The results show that significant levels of multiple relationships between predictor variables of knowledge, knowledge recipient, tissue characteristics of knowledge and organizational knowledge transfer significant correlation 0.000 to test multiple variables approved by a factor of 0/345.

From Islam point of view, ethics is a matter of reason, revelation and intuition. The Western medical ethics are rooted in the Hippocratic Oath which is considered as the foundation of medical ethics. One of the main branches of medicine is physiotherapy with an ancient base equivalent to medical knowledge. Therapists used water therapy and massage for the treatment of diseases from ancient time.

The aim of the article is to investigate medical ethics from the perspective of Razi and Ibn Sina according to their writings and comparison with the American ethical codes of physiotherapy (APTA).

This paper deals with major issues in Islamic ethics and ethics in modern physiotherapy by reviewing the books of Muslim doctors at the time of the flourishing of Islamic civilization and the various statutes and books that have been devised in recent years in the field of modern physiotherapy ethics.

Patients are the main focus of physiotherapy codes of ethics. Ibn Sina has pointed to three axes of medical performance, medical research, and the attitude and belief in Islam and ethics. The most important criteria of medical ethics are the observance of ethical standards in medical profession and observance of moral standards in research affairs. APTA ethics codes include patient treatment, counseling, education, and research and management.

Considering the importance of attention to ethics in Islamic texts, more effective medical ethics texts can be drawn by obtaining common ground between two attitudes (patient-centered). Examining the ethical codes of APTA shows that the cases were mentioned in the books of Iranian thinkers during the flourishing of Islamic civilization.

Iron is essential element in the body and has important role in function and development of nervous system and is effective on caries reduction. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, lethargy, immune system deficiency and reduction in learning and cognitive processes. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and behavior of the parents of 4 months to 2 years old children, towards the effects of using iron supplements on tooth staining and dental caries in their children.
Subjects and This cross-sectional study was performed on 198 parents attending health centers of Ahvaz. The questionnaire was developed from past researches of research and consisted 4 main parts (demographic information, knowledge, attitude, behavior). Data from the questionnaire were statistically analyzed by descriptive-analytical tests (T-test,Tukey, Pearson and Spearman).
The mean of attitude was 2.95, knowledge 2.93, and behavior 2.05, respectively. Main variables had no significant relation with parent’s age. But the behavior of responders was significant in regard to mothers’ education (r= 0.23) and fathers’ education (r= 0.28) and knowledge of responders was significant in regard to mothers education (r= 0.22). The knowledge and attitude had significant relationship (r= 0/22) (P The parents’ knowledge and awareness in regards to use of iron supplement was moderate. But their behavior in consumption was poor and needs more attention.