فهرست مطالب maryam sharifi

Diabetic neuropathic pain is a common complication of diabetes. While previous research has shown that direct administration of the neuropeptide orexin-A into the brain can elicit analgesic effects, the specific central nervous system regions and mechanisms mediating these pain-relieving actions remain incompletely characterized.

The current study used male Wistar rats to investigate the antinociceptive effects of administering orexin-A directly into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) region of the midbrain, assessed via the tail-flick test performed 5 minutes post-injection. The experiments compared the effects of intra-vlPAG orexin-A administration in both healthy control and diabetic animal models.

In the control groups, the analgesic effects of intra-vlPAG orexin-A were found to be sustained over the 1-hour observation period. Importantly, orexin-A elicited a rapid and potent analgesic response in the diabetic animal groups as well.

Collectively, these findings suggest a key functional role for the vlPAG orexinergic system in modulating pain tolerance, with implications for the potential therapeutic targeting of this system in the management of debilitating neuropathic pain conditions like diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

 Psychological damage caused by disability is associated with personal, social, and occupational challenges of disabled people, and these people face various negative consequences. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the cognitive emotion regulation of people with physical and motor disabilities.

 This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest design. Participants were 30 people with physical and motor disabilities (15 in the intervention group and 15 in the control group) who were selected using a purposive sampling method and random allocation. The intervention group received ACT. The data collection tool was Garnevsky's cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software.

 The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the mean post-test CERQ scores of the intervention group were significantly lower compared to the control group, indicating the effectiveness of the ACT in improving the cognitive emotion regulation.

 The ACT is effective in improving the cognitive emotion regulation of people with physical and motor disabilities. Further studies are recommended in other age, gender, and disease groups.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between domestic violence and divorce with the mediation of social anxiety on the feeling of loneliness of divorced women among all divorced women living in Mashhad in 1402, and finally, 189 people were selected from the total of 200 people who were selected by available sampling method. They were responsive. The applied research method is descriptive, and correlation is structural equation modeling. The results of the research showed that the structural model of examining the relationship between domestic violence and divorce with the mediation of social anxiety for the feeling of loneliness of divorced women has a favorable fit. Also, research hypotheses with the help of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between "domestic violence", "divorce", "social anxiety" and the feeling of loneliness of divorced women. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between "domestic violence" and "divorce". Also, there is a positive and significant correlation between social anxiety, domestic violence, divorce, and the feeling of loneliness of divorced women.

Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon that occurs in different areas of the world against pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.

In this study, 340 patients with positive blood cultures by these two bacteria were reviewed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.

For Staphylococcus aureus, the highest antibiotic resistance and sensitivity rates were 27/2 percent (25 cases) to vancomycin and 30/4 percent (28 cases) to gentamicin. In contrast, the resistance and sensitivity rates for pseudomonas aeruginosa were 11/7 percent (19 cases) to meropenem and 29/6 percent (48 cases) to gentamycin, respectively.

Accurate evaluation of the antibiotic resistance pattern of these bacteria is necessary to select an effective antibiotic for the treatment of children.

We can provide beneficial and effective treatment using effective antibiotics on bacteria.

Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon that occurs in different areas of the world against pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.

 In this study, 340 patients with positive blood cultures by these two bacteria were reviewed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.

 For Staphylococcus aureus, the highest antibiotic resistance and sensitivity rates were 27/2 percent (25 cases) to vancomycin and 30/4 percent (28 cases) to gentamicin. In contrast, the resistance and sensitivity rates for pseudomonas aeruginosa were 11/7 percent (19 cases) to meropenem and 29/6 percent (48 cases) to gentamycin, respectively.

 Accurate evaluation of the antibiotic resistance pattern of these bacteria is necessary to select an effective antibiotic for the treatment of children.

We can provide beneficial and effective treatment using effective antibiotics on bacteria.

Statement of the Problem:

 Camelia Sinenis or green tea (GT) and Teucrium polium (TP) are known to have a great antimicrobial potential on salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).Their efficacy should be examined compared to the gold standard antimicrobial agents.

To evaluate the effects of Camelia Sinenis or green tea (GT) and Teucrium polium (TP) extracts in comparison with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) on salivary S. mutans levels.

This double-blinded randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 90 preschool children aged 4 to 6 years and assigned randomly (simple randomization) to three groups as GT, TP, and CHG. Unstimulated saliva samples were then collected in three times as before application of agents, after half an hour, and after one week. To determine S. mutans levels, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique was additionally utilized. Statistical analysis was also fulfilled using Shapiro-Wilk test, Friedman test, Chi-square test, paired sample t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of this study established a significant difference between mean salivary S. mutans levels after administration of the three compounds. Although the mean of S. mutans levels reduced significantly following the application of CHG and TP after half an hour, the mean salivary S. mutans levels in the group receiving GT declined in a significant manner only one week later (p< 0.05).

The results of this study indicated that GT and TP extracts had considerable effects on salivary S. mutans levels compared with CHG.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare type of stroke and usually occurs in young people. The most common early clinical sign is a headache and the most common finding on clinical examination is bilateral papillary edema.

Herewith, we have reported the frequency of clinical features, and imaging findings of cerebral venous thrombosis patients. A total of 17 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis with symptoms of stroke were evaluated, 64.7% of patients were female. The Mean±SD age of the patients was 40.41±12.08 years and the Mean±SD number of hospitalization days was 11.76±3.71 days. The most location of thrombosis and neurological symptoms were sigmoid headaches and blurred vision, respectively.

Based on our study, we found that the most common clinical manifestation of CVT is a headache. Papilledema and seizure are also very common, and the most common site of thrombosis in these patients is the sigmoid sinus.

In this paper, we introduce and analytically demonstrate a novel biosensor based on the light-matter interaction in a classic topological photonic crystal (PC) heterostructure, which consists of two opposite-facing 5-period PCs separated by a microfluidic channel. Because of the excitation of topological edge mode (TEM) at the interface of the two PCs, the strong coupling between incident light and TEM produces a high-quality resonance peak, which can be used to detect very small changes in the refractive index of biomaterials such as Jurkat Cells inside the microfluidic channel. The proposed biosensor has a sensitivity as high as 240 nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) higher than 250.

Statement of the Problem: 

Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is common among infants and toddlers. It has many problems and challenges for families as well as dentists in fields of prevention and treatment.

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between occurrence of S-ECC and level of lactose in breast milk, in infants aged 12 to 24 months.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out from April to July 2020 on 30 children aged 12 to 24 months with or without S-ECC, who were sol-ely breastfed; their mothers answered questions about their breastfeeding habits. After the child's dental visit, the mother was asked to express 10 to 20ml of her milk as a sample and give it to the researchers. The samples were immediately kept at -4°C and then they were tested for lactose measurement. Finally, the test results were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using independent t-test.

The average amount of lactose in the breast milk of cases with S-ECC infant was 5.74g/100 ml and the average amount of lactose in the breast milk of cases without S-ECC infant was 4.64g/100 ml. There was no significant difference in lactose concentration between the two groups (p Value=0.64). The average number of breastfeeding times in cases with S-ECC infants was 7.87 per day while in the healthy cases this was 7.33 per day. There was no significant difference between the numbers of breastfeeding times per day in two groups.

According to this study, the amount of lactose in breast milk of children with S-ECC was slightly higher than the amount of lactose in breast milk in children with healthy teeth.

Taurodontism is an anomaly that can cause problems in dental treatment. It is essential for clinicians to accurately determine the prevalence of this anomaly. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of taurodontism and its associated anomalies in patients visiting clinics in Kerman in 2019.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 424 digital panoramic radiographs of patients who visited private clinics in Kerman in 2019. The panoramic radiographs were evaluated for the presence of taurodont molars and possible related anomalies such as microdontia, severe hypodontia, as well as enamel and dentin hypoplasia. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21 and chi-square test. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The findings of this study showed there were 82 taurodont teeth in 33 (7.78%) out of a total of 424 panoramicradiographs (6.6% in males and 9.0% in females with an age range of 18-52(. There was no significant relationship between sex and taurodontism (P=0.36). Of 82 taurodont molars, 34.1% were in the mandible and 65.9% in the maxilla. The most involved teeth were the mandibular second molars. There was no significant relationship between maxilla and mandible concerning the infected teeth (P=0.74). Taurodontism and hypodontia were observed simultaneously in only one man who had 4 taurodont teeth.

The prevalence of taurodont molars in this study was 7.78% and it was more common in second molars and in the mandible. Moreover, hypotaurodontism was found as the most common type of anomaly.

The levels of evidence (LOE) of dental education texts is critical from the educational point of view. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of evidence of references used in three clinical chapters in the textbook Pathways of the Pulp. Material & 

The references of three clinical chapters in the text book Pathways of the Pulp were assessed in five of its editions. The levels of evidence were ranked according to study type and the Oxford scale from 0 to 5. The chi-square test was used to compare the level of evidence between different editions of the "Retreatment," "Trauma," and "Surgery" chapters. 

 A total of 3656 references were reviewed and analyzed from the "Trauma" (928 references), "Re-treatment" (1906 references), and "Surgery" (822 references) chapters in the 1998, 2002, 2006, 2011, and 2016 editions. The percentage of the LOE 0 (no evidence) was high (>60%) in all three chapters in all editions (P<0.001). The levels of evidence had the same distribution in all editions (P=0.871). The LOE of the "Re-treatment" (P=0.044) and "Surgery" (P<0.001) chapters changed in some editions. 

The majority of references in the three clinical chapters of the book are low-level evidence. Encouragement policies for researchers to conduct studies with high LOE are necessary.

Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) of the opposing maxillary deciduous molar teeth are used in mandibular deciduous first molars with decreased proximal surfaces due to caries. However, the SSCs of maxillary deciduous molar teeth are different from those of the mandibular deciduous molars in terms of the occlusal surface morphology, the buccal margin, and the proximal surface contour. Therefore, it is possible to prepare the buccal and lingual surfaces to use the SSC of the lower deciduous molar teeth and compare microleakage.

Eighty extracted mandibular deciduous first molars were randomly assigned to two groups. In the case group (BLP), the buccal (B) and lingual (L) surfaces were prepared in addition to the proximal (P) surface, and an SSC was placed on the mandibular first deciduous teeth. Only the proximal surface was prepared in the control (P) group, and the SSC of the opposing tooth (maxillary deciduous first molar teeth) was placed. After dissecting the teeth, the extent of dye penetration was measured.

The difference in microleakage on the buccal aspect between the case and control groups was significant (P=0.02); however, the difference in microleakage on the lingual aspect between the case and control groups was not significant (P=0.89).

Microleakage at the buccal margin of the SSC of mandibular deciduous first molars was less than the maxillary deciduous first molar SSC, with no significant differences in the lingual margin.

Extensive epidemiological research is the first step in designing sports injury prevention programs. According to the results of review studies on the lack of injury information in soccer player kids, the aim of this study was to investigate the injury incidence in 7 to 12 year old male football players.

The study is a descriptive study in which out of 24 soccer clubs in Kerman, seven clubs were randomly selected. The data of 212 players ( age 11.22 ±1.29 years, height 142.67±9.2 cm, weight 36.91±9.2 kg) including the frequency, location and mechanism of acute injury during training. Injuries was collected from Fuller Injury Questionnaire (2006) through interviews. The relationship between the injury incidence with age groups and body mass index of players was measured using Chi-square test (p≤ 0/05).

The overall injury incidence was 1.05 injuries per 1000 hours of soccer in training sessions. Most injuries (84.3%) were located in the lower limbs. Tackling (56.8%) had the greatest injury mechanism. Significant differences were found between age groups with injury rates (P = 0.000, χ2 = 22.33) and body mass index with injury rates (P = 0.000, χ2 = 58.53).

The Present information can serve as a database in the injury incidence in soccer’s boys and also to identify risk factors such as age and body mass index increase. It can also be considered by researchers and football community planners in order to design injury prevention programs.

The Coronavirus is affecting the entire world causing constant stress on therapists. The aim of this study was to seek the relationship between job satisfaction and burnout in occupational therapists and physiotherapists working in the coronavirus departments.

A descriptive correlational study assessed occupational therapists and physiotherapists employed and unemployed in the coronavirus wards; both case and control groups were assessed.In this study, 90 therapists were randomly divided into case and control groups with 45 people in each group. Job burnout was measured by the Maslash and Jackson questionnaire and job satisfaction was measured by the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Demographic information, informed consent form and the texts of  questionnaires were uploaded virtually and the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.

The mean age (years) of  participants was 31.42 with a standard deviation of 6.54 and the average work experience (years) was 7.13 and the standard deviation was 5.082. Pearson correlation coefficient between Minnesota job satisfaction / Maslash burnout in case and control groups were -0.328 and 0.387, respectively, and their significance levels were reported to be 0.034 and 0.009, respectively.

This study showed that many occupational therapists and physiotherapists are at risk of burnout and reduced job satisfaction.

Severe early childhood caries is the most important dental problem among children younger than three years of age.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between time and manner of weaning and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).

This descriptive-analytical study was performed in Kerman, Iran, in 2020. The study population consisted of 130 mothers and their children aged 18 to 30 months with and without S-ECC who visited the health centers in Kerman. Clinical examinations of the childrenchr('39')s teeth were carried out with a dental mirror by a trained dentist after drying the surfaces of the maxillary incisors. The presence or absence of S-ECC was marked in a relevant checklist. Then, the mothers were asked to answer questions about the way they feed their children and the weaning method used in case of weaning off their children. Finally, data was analyzed using t-test in SPSS version 16.

 The mean age of the children was 24.4 ± 4.7 months, and 52% of them were girls. Most of the mothers had used the traditional methods to wean their children. The mean age at weaning was 23.8 months. There was a significant relationship between the age at which the child was weaned and S-ECC. In other words, children with S-ECC were significantly older at weaning than those children without S-ECC (p<0.05).

Children with S-ECC had a longer breastfeeding period than children without S-ECC; thus, it seems that one of the reasons for the high prevalence of such caries in children in Kerman could be the longer period of breastfeeding or bottle-feeding. Therefore, an appropriate pattern of breastfeeding is effective in preventing S-ECC.

This study aimed to identify the prevalence and potential factors associated with Entamoeba gingivalis in adolescents in the city of Kerman, southeastern Iran, 2017.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 315 adolescents (mean age; 15 yr) consisting of 189 males and 126 females were randomly selected. For each adolescent, two specimens were collected for culturing and examination by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to explore any association with demographic and clinical variables.

The prevalence of E. gingivalis was 11.7%. Totally, 30 (15.9%) males and 7 (5.6%) females were infected with E. gingivalis. The rate of infection in males was 2.8 times higher than that in females (P<0.001). Statistical analysis identified 4 major factors including sex (OR=4.12, P<0.001), gingival index with severe inflammation (OR = 50, P<0.001), Candida spp. infection (OR=4.41, P<0.001) and decay-missing- filled teeth [DMFT (OR=3.27, P<0.001)]. In contrast to the aforementioned factors, adolescents with history of antibiotic consumption were significantly protected from E. gingivalis infection (OR= 3.24, P<0.001). Culture media detected 9.2% (n= 29), whilst PCR identified 11.4% (n= 36) of infection.

The present findings clearly demonstrate a positive association between E. gingivalis and distinct demographic and clinical risk determinants. Therefore, dental practitioners and health surveillance personnel should be aware of these confounding factors to rigorously detect and critically manage oral health issues in school-age children in order to prevent or at least minimize the eventual periodontal complications in later life.

Goldenhar syndrome (GHS) is a complex syndrome characterized by relation of mandibular hypoplasia, abnormality of the ear, ocular dermoid and vertebral disorders and hemi facial macrosomia. Treatment protocol depends on the patient’s age and systemic clinical presentations, with a multidisciplinary method often being required.This case report describes a typical 6-year-old female patient who presented to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran with mandibular hypoplasia, facial asymmetry, ear tags and ocular dermoid after plastic surgery. Diagnosis was based on clinical aspects, radiology and laboratory findings. GHS is a developmental complaint that can disturb many aspects of the patient's life; therefore, immediate treatment from birth is necessary.