maryam tavakolniya

Behavior is a reaction that a person shows to an external action, and it is manifested in two ways, overt and hidden, and forms the personality of a person, but sometimes the behavior becomes disturbed due to factors that must be corrected and changed in order to change these incompatible behaviors. Paying attention to the lives of the innocents, peace be upon them, which is considered as a criterion for measuring behavior in the Islamic society, measures should be taken. The purpose of this article is to examine the life and strategies of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) to deal with undesirable behaviors in society and to change these attitudes towards the goals of religion and human happiness. Moral, social, political and emotional Imam Reza (peace be upon him) has been in the treatment of abnormal behaviors. The imam's reaction to mistakes is sometimes in the form of speech (admonition-preaching) and sometimes with his behavior and moods (indirect).

The most important identity component of Shia is the Imamah and Wilayah of Ahl al-Bayt (pbut), which is the distinguishing factor of this religion from other Islamic religions. These concepts have a high frequency in the words of the first Shia imam to the extent that its numerous reflection is obvious in Nahj al-Balagha. In the meantime, it’s noteworthy that  Imam Ali (pbuh) extensively employs conceptual metaphors to utilize the cognitive abilities of their audiences and making it easier for them to understand the position of Imamah by using sensible and tangible concepts. In this article, based on cognitive linguistics and using Likoff and Johnson's approach in metaphors, the most important conceptual metaphors of the structural type have been examined in explaining the concept of Imamah and the position of Ahl al-Bayt (pbut). At the end, 6 source domain are identified and mapped to the corresponding concepts in the target domain. The most frequent conceptual domains are "light", "travel and movement" and "life and death". Paying attention to these mappings will have a major impact upon the understanding and explanation of Nahj al-Balagha.

The language of the Qur'an is a language understandable to all and is organized in a structure consistent with human cognition. The use of the letters Jar and the adaptation of their spatial-sensory concept and their experience with the abstract and spiritual realms is an example of the adaptation of the language of the Qur'an to human thoughts. The present article seeks to examine the metaphorical role of prepositions in explaining the doctrinal concepts related to prophecy by descriptive-analytical method and using the basics of cognitive semantics. Findings show that conceptual metaphors, pictorial metaphors play an important role in expressing the authorities of the prophets. In some verses, God has expressed the doctrinal statements of the prophets using the prepositions and the cognitive meaning of the metaphors derived from these words. In such a way that the role of these cognitive mechanisms in representing concepts such as role model, infallibility, superiority, being dear to God, protecting people's faith and divine knowledge and in general tasks, attributes, teachings, is undeniable and mainly for conceptualizing such Concepts of human existence, objects, vessels and objects and structures and basic concepts such as light, force and obstacle, building and high directions, front, center are used. To use the physical nature of the human mind to explain the doctrinal statements of the prophets.

Nahj al-Balaghah, due to its great importance in Islamic sources, has always been the focus of researchers. Among the written explanations, the commentary of Lahiji about Nahj al-Balaghah uses theological, philosophical, and mystical terms. The present article has been done with a descriptive-analytical method to study the discovery procedures for Nahj al-Balaghah concepts in the commentary of Lahiji using a critical approach. After examining the author's commentary, and clarifying whether his piety was influential in his commentary or not. It was revealed that he had used various methods to explain the words of Imam Ali (as), to receive themes (including linguistic, literary, historical, geographical, and philosophical ones). After discovering these procedures, a comparison was made between his commentary and other commentaries. Consequently, shortcomings and confirmations were discussed. So, it was revealed that the commentary of Lahiji is written for a specific, general and limited audience. To this end, the authors considered both strong and weak points. The strong points were stating the cause, using the correct version, and brief attention to the narration. The weak points were the errors in quoting verses, negligence in translating and explaining some interpretations, errors in recognizing the meaning of some words, and failure in identifying the structure of some words.

one of the concepts of "even", which is the reporter of human experiential work, has been found in the Qurchr an, is to explain its impact on Quranic conceptualizations, hence, among the various roles of the letter, even of attention to the texture and Various applications are obtained, the role of which leads to the transmission of a route from the state, position or rank to another state and order. This is described by descriptive-analytic method and by explaining the main and focal meaning of the letter and extraction of verses in which even the abstract concept of "transference" is explained in a metaphorical way, provides a more detailed analysis of the function of this verse in the verses and The basis for constructing this concept, which is shaped by the physical and human experiences, is to illustrate the methodological importance in the more actual interpretation of the Qurchr anic words, including the letters.

The last world and related concepts to the resurrection are a complex issue that can be understood through conceptual metaphors and with the help of tangible and repetitive experiences; Such statements have been widely used in Nahj-ul-Balagha. This article follows the mentioned subject using cognitive linguistics and with the approach of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson regarding metaphors. The results of this study demonstrate that most of conceptual domains of this world that are in the mapping of the afterlife are: travel (67), human and human characteristics (43), trade (13), war (7), And finally animals and animal characteristics (4). In addition to these macro-conceptual domains, there is a network of micro metaphorical concepts that highlight the specific features of concept of destination and displayed them to the audiences. Each of these metaphors is applied in proportion to the purpose and the requirement of audience’s status. Thus, it provides various perspectives of the afterlife.

In the literature of every ethnic group, there are a variety of proverbs, Nahj al-Balaghah has also repeatedly used proverbs as a literary work, and since parables influence the audience in transmitting the ideas of the speaker, hence, Imam Ali (as) has tried, To mitigate the political, ethical and social concepts, as well as the role of proverbs in the short run, the expression of the meaning and beauty of its words is used, thus making complex concepts publicly understood, This article, which was written with the aim of examining the role of proverbs in the understanding of Nahj al-Balaghah, first deals with the ways in which proverbs are included in the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah, and then the types of expressive beings in which these parables are cast in order to easily be placed in public opinion are investigated. And at the end the purpose and manner of using proverbs by Amir al-Mu'minnan, such as spatialization, shaping the tone and characterization, were examined. ... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Locative prepositions are considered the rich source of understanding and interpreting Quran methodologically. The present study, focusing on the preposition “¿an” which is one of the most useful prepositions in Quran, aims to analyze the meanings of the preposition as well as the way it has been extended based on the rules and principles of meaning extension within the cognitive semantic framework. To do this, different uses of “¿an” has been studied. Having reviewed the theoretical foundations such as recognition of trajector, landmark as well as the conceptual network of meanings related to prototypes, we introduced the focal meaning of the preposition and the way it has been extended in Koranic expressions. Then we have proposed some rules such as mapping, active domain and semantic dynamism, each of which includes some other components playing a part in its meaning extension.

Sometimes, we confronted with some verses in the Holy Quran that are similar with other verses in wordsº but this does not mean their same meaning, and each verse is dropped to present a specific conception that is apart from similar verses, and its content is not repetitive and is not without purposeº but in the interpretation of these verses we face with a uniformity in concept, because, mainly the letter recognition role, that is of a great importance to discover the differences in meaning of these verses, is ignored. So, this paper, has studied the comparative Review and application of Jarr Letter Recognition in verses which are similar to each other, and in descriptive - analytical method, tries to examine the methods, relying on Quranic evidence, are present in structure of these Jarr verses. Some of these methods are: change the texture, texture descriptors, limitation, expansion of meaning and … that each species has led to the discovery of the meaning of the letters in the allegorical verses, So focusing on a different meaning this will be the discovery of the letters in the allegorical verses achieved And concluded that each verse has its own unique meaning; Because the letters used and how its deployment in the context of signs requires a certain conceptualization, The same interpretation of these verses can not be provided, In this paper, we address these matters, A more accurate interpretation of the allegorical verses of words presented.

God in His Word calls for all human faculties to understand His knowledge for his guidance. The cognitive power is the most important branch of human power and since schemas obtained through everyday experience could affect human cognitive performance in a simple way. God conveys His sayings which are over the surface of humand understanding to the humans through schemas planned with letters. Therefore, this article is a descriptive - analytical survey of schemas created with the letter "Phi" in the Quran. Among the schemas that are surveyed here based on Johnson's theory are Schemas of direction, Prevention, motion, force, consistency and existence, and in this way abstract concepts can become understandable and tangible through the images before the eyes of Quran’s audiences.