maryam vaezi

This study aimed to investigate the association between pubic and external genitalia hair removal by laser devices and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

In this study, a total of 809 women were examined. To this end, 250 women with HPV-positive and 500 ones with HPV-negative/normal cytology were assigned to two groups. Then these women were demographically matched, and the two groups were compared regarding the prevalence of laser device usage for external genital hair removal. Finally, the statistical analysis was performed using unpaired student t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

The prevalence of laser hair removal were 59% and 25% in HPV-positive and HPV-negative/regular cytology groups, respectively. It was found that the history of laser hair removal was positively associated with positive HPV results (OR: 4.353, CI: 95%, 3.157 to 5.989).

Laser hair removal was positively associated with positive HPV transmission. However, it was recommended that further studies with greater sample sizes should be carried out to determine if the pubic hair removal by laser devices increased the HPV transmission risk.

Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are rare tumors with a late recurrence and a good prognosis. The current study investigated the fertility and obstetrics situation, survival, and the factors influencing the mortality of patients with these uncommon ovarian neoplasms.

This is a retrospective study on ovarian GCT patients admitted to the Al-Zahra hospital oncology department, the tertiary referral hospital in Tabriz, between 2009 and 2022. Data were collected from medical records. Chi-square/Fisher exact tests and t tests were used to compare categorical and quantitative variables between the alive and dead patients, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to present patients’ survival.

The study involved 65 patients with ovarian GCT. The presence of ovarian cysts statistically increased the survival of GCT patients (P=0.028). The advanced tumor stage (P=0.023), fast tumor growth (P=0.001), and tumor relapse (P=0.001) are significantly correlated with mortality in the affected patients. However, age and adjuvant chemotherapy were not associated with survival.

There was no evidence of increased survival with the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor staging is an important prognostic factor. Advanced stages were associated with inferior survival, and only prospective studies can ascertain their definite role.

Respectful maternity care (RMC) is a crucial approach to enhancing the experiences of mothers. This study aimed to explore women's views on the factors contributing to disrespect and abuse (D&A) during childbirth.

A qualitative study was conducted with 12 postpartum women selected through purposive sampling to ensure maximum diversity. Data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a conventional content analysis method.

The analysis revealed seven key categories. These categories included respect for women, meeting needs and preferences, involvement of women, continuity of care, empathy, adequate human and non-human resources, and factors that deter D&A.

It is essential to develop effective interventions to enhance RMC across various dimensions. Providing RMC during and after childbirth necessitates the involvement of policymakers and health managers. This can be accomplished by addressing the welfare and environmental needs, showing empathy towards mothers, safeguarding their privacy, alleviating staff workloads, and transforming the attitudes of healthcare workers.

Women with endometriosis have a high risk of developing ovarian carcinoma that may occur due to endometriosis lesions. There is few research have so far focused on the clinical factors in patients with endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). Accordingly, this study aimed at comparing the demographic and obstetric characteristics between ovarian cancer with and without endometriosis

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 EAOC patients and 140 non-EAOC individuals who had gone under surgery from 2011-17 at Al-Zahra hospital. Clinico-pathological characteristics of the two groups including first group only had malignant epithelial ovarian tumor (non-EAOC) and second group had both malignant epithelial ovarian tumor and endometriosis (EAOC). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

EAOC cases were significantly younger (P=0.002) and had lower number of pregnancy (P=0.002), parity (P=0.004), and term pregnancy (P=0.005) than non-EAOC patients. A large proportion of EAOC cases had clear cell and endometrioid histopathology in comparison to non-EAOC individuals (P<0.001) and most of the tumors in these cases were unilateral (P=0.01).

We found that age, parity, gravidity, and term pregnancy as well as laterality and histopathologic type of epithelial ovarian cancers vary in EAOC and non-EAOC individuals. Further research is required to identify these differences.

Given some limitations in the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), the present study investigated the beneficial effects of NAC alone or in combination with RIPC on CIN prevention.

Rats were randomly assigned into five groups of eight animals each. Group 1 was sham-operated controls. In group 2, an experimental model of diatrizoate-induced CIN was induced. In groups 3 and 4, NAC (150 mg/kg orally, 24 h before the CIN induction) or RIPC (3 cycles of 4 min/4 min of ischemia and reperfusion in the forelimbs 24 h before the CIN induction) was applied, and both strategies were applied in group 5. 48 hours after the intervention, serum was collected to assess creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Kidney tissue samples were also kept to evaluate the histology and measure malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.

Considerable increases in serum Cr (0.82±0.04 vs 0.53±0.03 mg/dl) and BUN (49.87±2.85 vs 22.93±1.11 mg/dl) levels in the CIN group showed renal functional damages compared to the sham group. The morphological changes (2 vs 0 score), increased renal MDA levels (8.11±1.27 vs 3.12±0.52 μmol/100 mg tissue), and decreased renal SOD activity (2.29±0.65 vs 27.32±0.98 U/g tissue) in the CIN group represent a remarkable renal injury and oxidative stress compared to the sham group. The individual use of NAC (serum Cr levels: 0.59±0.01 mg/dl; serum BUN levels: 27.24±1.01 mg/dl; morphological changes: 1 score; renal MDA levels: 4.35±0.58 μmol/100 mg tissue; renal SOD activity: 17.24±1.48 U/g tissue) and RIPC (serum Cr levels: 0.60±0.03 mg/dl; serum BUN levels: 28.78±1.66 mg/dl; morphological changes: 1 score; renal MDA levels: 5.34±0.53 μmol/100 mg tissue; renal SOD activity: 13.11±1.96 U/g tissue) improved all indices above. However, the combination of NAC and RIPC (serum Cr levels: 0.57±0.01 mg/dl; serum BUN levels: 25.32±1.14 mg/dl; morphological changes: 1 score; renal MDA levels: 3.56±0.52 μmol/100 mg tissue; renal SOD activity: 30.54±2.92 U/g tissue) was more effective than other strategies used alone.

The combined use of NAC and RIPC may be more useful in preventing CIN than the individual use of possible additive effects through reducing oxidative stress.

 Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of safety culture in hospitals can be the basis for developing plans to improve the safety status of patients. This study aimed to determine the level of patient safety culture (PSC) from their view in medical-surgical wards of five teaching hospitals in Zanjan.

 This cross-sectional study was performed on 245 patients admitted to medical-surgical wards of five teaching hospitals in the Zanjan, Iran, from 2020-Agust-22 to 2020-November-21. Poisson time sampling method was used. Data collection was performed using a demographic information questionnaire and PSC scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and descriptive statistics, independent t test, and one-way analysis of variance.

 The mean of total PSC was 3.63±0.60 out of 5. The highest mean of PSC was related to organizing and planning for care (3.87±0.71) and communication and teamwork (3.80±0.70). The lowest mean was related to information dissemination (3.31±0.60).

 Safety culture or, in other words, patients’ perception of the safety situation prevailing in studied wards and hospitals was moderate. Therefore, it needs to be upgraded and improved. Among the various dimensions of patient-perceived safety, the manner and extent of information sharing was worse. It is suggested that plans be made to direct actions to improve the patient’s safety culture in general and in the field of information dissemination in particular.

Disrespect and abuse during childbirth is regarded as harassment of women and a violation of their rights. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the disrespect and abuse questionnaire in Iranian parturient women.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted on 265 postpartum women in both private and public hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. The scale was translated from English into Farsi. In the quantitative face validity, the impact score was determined for each item. Moreover, in the quantitative content validity, the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were assessed based on the comments of experts on the relevance, clarity, and simplicity of items (CVI) and the necessity of items (CVR). Construct validity was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

In the face validity assessment, all items received a minimum impact score of 1.5. In assessing the content validity, all the items attained the minimum acceptable value of CVR (>0.69) and CVI (>0.79). According to the exploratory factor analysis, the Disrespect and Abuse Questionnaire has 23 items and five factors, including abandoning the mother, improper care, mother’s immobility, not talking to the mother, and mother’s deprivation. The construct validity of the scale was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis, in which X</em>2</em>/df </em><5 and root mean square error of approximation <0.08.

The Farsi version of the disrespect and abuse questionnaire can be used as a valid tool for assessing instances of lack of respectful maternity care in the postpartum period.

Safety climate is one of the factors related to nurses' satisfaction, and therefore, quality of patient care. This study aimed to determine the safety climate in medical-surgical units of teaching hospitals in Zanjan, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 247 nurses working in five teaching hospitals in Zanjan, Iran, in 2021.  Participants were selected by the Poisson sampling method. The required data were collected using a demographic characteristics form and the standard nurses' safety climate questionnaire by Sarsangi et al. (2015). This scale measures the nurses' perceptions regarding the dimensions of nursing education, communication with physicians, communication with nurses, supervisors' attitudes, reporting errors, and burnout. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) through descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

The total mean score of safety climate was 3.12±0.53 out of 5. The highest mean safety climate scores were related to the ‘communication between nurses’ (3.61±0.83), followed by ‘reporting errors ‘(3.53±0.69). The lowest mean score was related to ‘burnout‘(2.32±0.90) out of 5. The total score of safety climate was statistically different and significant based on the organizational position and city in which the participants were working. However, the total mean score of safety climate showed no significant relationship with gender, marital status, education, employment, ward, age, and work experience.

This study showed the moderate level of safety climate of nurses working in Zanjan, Iran. Cumulative burnout was one of the components of the safety climate that obtained the lowest mean score, compared to other dimensions. In other words, burnout was highly prevalent among the nurses in this study. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the safety climate of nurses, especially in the cumulative burnout dimension.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) expression. Nitrochalcone is effective ingredient of chalcones with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-hyperglycemic properties. This study examined the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) administration of nitrochalcone in a mouse model with non-alcoholic steatosis.

In this study, 94 male NMRI mice were assigned to control and experimental groups. The Normal control group (NC) was given normal rodent diet The experimental group was subjected to high fat diet for 4 weeks, which induced NAFLD, then the experimental group was divided in to 5 in vivo subgroups (n=12 in each), High fat (HF) Sham (receiving grapes seed oil), Positive control groups (C+: receiving silymarin (80mg/kg) by intra peritoneal injection (IP)) and Experimental Nitrochalcone groups (EN1, EN2, EN3) receiving nitro chalcone (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) by IP during 4 weeks. Protective groups received high-fat diet and Nitrochalcone 20 mg/kg simultaneously for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatments, biochemical parameters, liver enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and expression of PPAR-α were determined.

The serum levels of some biochemical parameters such as cholesterol glucose, liver enzymes, and insulin significantly increased in the HF group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). Nitrochalcone (20 mg/ kg) decreased liver enzymes levels as compared with the HF and Sham group (P < 0.001). The highest percentage of increase in PPARα gene expression was observed in EN3 group, as compared with the controls.

HF diet caused steatohepatitis through insulin resistance, impaired lipid profile, increased glucose and liver enzyme levels. Furthermore, the diet decreased antioxidants, adiponectin, leptin and PPARα levels, and made fibrosis in the liver. Nitrochalcone improved this condition in a dose-dependent manner, and resulted in elevated PPARα expression.

In this study, radical hysterectomy, followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) was compared with radical hysterectomy in patients with early-stage cervical cancer.

This retrospective comparative observational study was performed on 13 patients with LACC International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB2-IIB who underwent a radical hysterectomy after NACT between March 2014 and November 2018. This group was compared with 18 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy with cervical cancer FIGO stage IIA-IB1 in the same period of time.

In the NACT group, 8 (61.5%) and 5 (38.4%) patients were in stages IIB and IB2, respectively, and 13 (72.2%) cases were in the IB1 stage in the non-NACT group. Post-operative blood transfusion in the NACT group was significantly higher compared to the non-NACT group [5 (38.4%) patients versus 0, P = 0.008]. The estimated blood loss (EBL) and operative time were similar between the groups. Finally, there were no significant differences in terms of intra-operative and other post-operative complications.

Radical hysterectomy after NACT in women with LACC seems to be safe and reduces the need for radiation in patients with NACT who are at stage IIB. These results need to be confirmed in studies with a larger patient sample.

Determining prognostic factors of endometrial cancer is important for the management of this disease.

The aim of this study was to identify the association between tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) expression in intra-tumoral inflammatory cells and clinicopathological features of endometrial carcinoma.

This observational study was conducted on 56 patients who underwent hysterectomy with diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and available 5-year follow-up data from 2006 to 2013 in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The TILs scoring was calculated based on the mean percentage of stroma occupied by mononuclear inflammatory cells at the invasive border of the tumor in H & E stained slides in 10 representative high-power fields. The mean number of CD3, CD8, and PD-1 positive lymphocytes in 10 high-power fields, as well as cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, were assessed.

TILs were significantly higher in endometrioid carcinoma compared to non-endometrioid carcinomas (P = 0.001). There was no significant association between TILs percentage, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor grade (P > 0.05). High TILs tumors showed better prognosis (P = 0.046). On the immunohistochemical (IHC) study, TILs were higher in endometrioid tumors compared to non-endometrioid tumors (P < 0.05). The expression of PD-1 was higher in endometrioid tumors compared to non-endometrioid carcinomas (P = 0.001). The COX-2 expression was not associated with prognosis and the other clinicopathologic features.

High TILs and PD-1 expression were associated with better prognosis in endometrial carcinoma. Endometrioid carcinomas had a higher TILs, CD3, CD8, and PD-1 lymphocytes. This study failed to identify a clinically significant cut off for these inflammatory biomarkers.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy adopted for couples with integrative couple therapy in improving marital conflicts of couples with breast cancer.

In this semi-experimental study, a pre-post design was used. Using available sampling, we approached 200 couples facing breast cancer referred to the educational and therapeutic center of Alzahra Hospital in Tabriz and enrolled 45 couples with the highest scores on the Marital Conflict Questionnaire in the study. They were randomly divided into three groups: two experimental groups and one control group. One of the experimental groups received 8 consecutive 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy adopted for couples, and the other experimental group received 16 sessions of integrative couple therapy.  The control group did not receive any intervention. The research tool was the Marital Conflict Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in reducing marital conflict (P < 0.05). Integrative couple therapy, too, reduced marital conflict in women with cancer (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two treatment modalities (P > 0.05).

Both acceptance and commitment therapy and integrative couple therapy are effective approaches to solving couples’ individual and communicative problems.

Endometrial cancer is one of the most important and prevalent malignancies among women and its treatment and prognosis depends on the severity and spread of the disease in the body. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the frozen section (FS) as a reliable method for intraoperative decision-making in patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. This study was conducted during September 2016- February 2017 on 50 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, detected by the diagnostic curettage which was the total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH + BSO) surgery candidate in the oncology ward of Al-Zahra hospital of Tabriz. Tissue samples of TAH + BSO patients sent for FS pathology were evaluated in terms of histological subtype criteria including endometrioid, serous, clear cell, undifferentiated, tumor grade 1, 2, and 3, tumor size in cm smaller or bigger than 2 cm, and myometrial invasion (MI) rate higher or lower than 50 %. FS results were compared to the final results of the paraffin section (PS) pathology. The concordance rate between PS and FS regarding the risk factors of endometrioid (k: 0 .492, P < 0.001), myometrium invasion (k: 0.729, P < 0.001), tumor size (k: 0.800, P < 0.001), tumor grade (k: 0.641, P < 0.001), undifferentiated (k: 0.545, P < 0.001), adenosquamous (k: 0.390, P < 0.005), papillary serous (k: 0.658, P < 0.001), and clear cell (k: 0.479, P < 0.001) was 49, 73, 80, 64, 54, 39, and 65 %, respectively. Based on the results, if FS is accurately and precisely implemented, an appropriate decision can be taken for low-risk patients. This method can successfully be adopted by the gynecologic oncologists.

Uterine rupture is an infrequent but serious event in pregnancy, which happens commonly in the second and third trimesters in scarred uteruses and labor phases. Uterine rupture during labor is very rare in the absence of scar and occurs mainly in multiparous women. This article introduces a very unusual case of unexpected rupture of an unscarred uterus in the 12th week of gestation.
A 34 year old woman with a history of vaginal delivery, gravida 2, para 1, and gestational age of 12 weeks were admitted to Tabriz Taleghani hospital with abdominal pain. With increasing abdominal pain, the patient underwent ultrasound, which showed a lot of abdominal and pelvic free fluid, indicating urgent laparotomy, in which a bleeding rupture of about 5 cm was found on the posterior wall of the uterus. Placenta and fetus with an intact sac were bulging into the abdomen from the rupture site and hence were excised. The rupture was repaired and the patient was discharged on the third day in good conditions. The patient did not have any risk factors except multiparity.
Regardless of gestational age and history, uterine rupture should be kept in mind for all pregnant women with abdominal pain and signs of peritoneal irritation to timely and quickly detect and manage as a rare but life-threatening condition.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the cervix is an uncommon tumor in female genital tract. The aggressive clinical behavior makes this entity distinguished from other SCC subtypes.
We described a case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in uterine cervix in a 62-year old woman with previous subtotal hysterectomy. Clinical and radiologic examination suggested a 3 cm mass in cervical stump involving left parametrium. She underwent trachelectomy and lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant radiochemotherapy. The light microscopy and immunohistochemistry warranted the basaloid SCC diagnosis that was suspected in pre-operational biopsy. The small, round to oval-shaped cells with scant cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei were positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (CK AE1/AE3) and negative for p63, C-KIT, chromogranin and synaptophysin.
Although this tumor has an aggressive behavior, this is not enough to substantiate that BSCC has a poorer medical outcome as compared to conventional SCC of the cervix.

Pregnancy Associated Osteoporosis (PAO) can lead to serious difficulties such as fragility fractures, elongated back pain and height loss in affected women. Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B ligand (sRANKL) to Osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio is chosen as a bone metabolism equation in many bone diseases characterized by bone resorption, such as post-menopausal osteoporosis and would be modified with folic acid supplementation. This study was done to compare the effects of high dose (5mg/day) and low dose (0.5 mg/day) folic acid in the RANKL/OPG ratio and Tumor Necrosis Factorα (TNFα) concentration during pregnancy.
Forty-five pregnant women who visited the AL-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz Iran, from September 2013 to November 2014 were assigned into two groups in this randomized, double-blind, clinical trial, included women who took 5 mg/day (group1) and who took 0.5 mg/day (Group 2) folic acid supplementation before pregnancy until 36th pregnancy. The biochemical variables in serum of pregnant women were measured before and at the end of the study. The study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) as ID, IRCT2013122315903N1.
OPG levels were significantly higher compared with the baseline value (P=0.008), although sRANKL (P High dose of folic acid supplementation could decrease bone resorptive biomarkers and may prevent PAO in pregnant women by increasing OPG and decreasing sRANKL and TNFα.

Modulation of Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) injury is highly important in medicine, especially in hyperthyroidism condition. The effect of diazepam as a benzodiazepine on cardiac I/R injury is also clinically important. The chronic effect of diazepam in this case has been reported previously.. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute diazepam perfusion on isolated heart of hyperthyroid rats during I/R.. Male rats (n = 32, weighing 250 - 300 gr) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, hyperthyroid, control diazepam perfused, and hyperthyroid diazepam perfused. Isolated hearts were perfused through Langendorff method. Four sets of data were collected at baseline (20 minutes), diazepam perfusion (10 minutes, 100 µmol/L), ischemia (40 minutes), and reperfusion (45 minutes) periods. Cardiac parameters, including Left Ventricular Developed pressure (LVDP; mmHg) and Rate Pressure Product (RPP; mmHg × beats/min) were measured, as well. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; mU/mL) was also assessed for evaluation of I/R injury. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student t-test and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.. RPP significantly declined in the hyperthyroid group after diazepam perfusion compared to the baseline (24046 ± 1381 versus 18269 ± 711, P = 0.012, 95% CI: 1724 - 9828). Besides, RPP and LVDP significantly increased in the hyperthyroid diazepam perfused group compared to the hyperthyroid group at the end of the reperfusion period (12469 ± 1422 versus 4007 ± 258, P < 0.001, CI: 5066 - 11856 and 47 ± 2.8 versus 23 ± 2.8, P < 0.001, CI: 11-35, respectively). These findings were confirmed by LDH levels (19.08 ± 1.06 versus 41.07 ± 8.14, P = 0.002, CI: -34.4 - -9.4-35).. The results showed that acute diazepam perfusion to isolated hyperthyroid rats’ hearts could significantly improve cardiac function following ischemia and protect the heart against I/R injury..

Aim and

Child abuse is one of the most prevalent and complex psycho-social issues in the society, with serious emotional and behavioral outcomes both in childhood and adulthood. It can be viewed from various perspectives including social/cultural factors impacting the family unit and those associated with individual parents or the family as a social system. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of psychological, social, and demographic factors in child abuse.Methods and Materials: In this descriptive causal-comparative study, 130 abused high school students who attended counseling centers and Alzahra Hospital with accessible sampling and 130 non-abused from 5 section of educational system in Isfahan city via random cluster sampling method were selected according to the cut-off point of self-report child abuse scale. Their parents were also asked to complete demographic questionnaires and SCL90 inventories. Applying Pearson correlation, simultaneous regression, the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS18 software package.

The results indicated that child’s gender, divorce, and presence of a stepmother as well as mother’s aggressiveness, and paranoid thoughts were correlated with child abuse (p≤ 0.001). Furthermore, regression analysis also revealed that aggressiveness, divorce, mother’s job,and child’s gender can predict child abuse.

Multiple factors may contribute to increasing the risk of child abuse. Gaining an understanding of these factors can prove helpful in developing effective intervention strategies.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in university hospitals in Zanjan. 241 nurses of eight teaching hospitals were selected through cluster sampling with probability proportional to size in 2011. The participants were asked to fill in a demographic and professional data sheet, and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). There was significant correlation between age, marital statuse, sex, disability and QOL; and 3 work related factors: type of overtime hours, experience, job interest. QOL in the nurses was less optimal in comparison with the general population norms. The results suggest that nursing job plays a significant role in QOL of the nurses. Accordingly, intervention programs designed to target relieving occupational stress, adjusting behavioral habits and increasing coping resources may be useful to improve QOL among medical professionals.

Nurses are exposed to various stressful situations in their work environment. It is obvious that occupational stress affects physical and psychological health of nurses and consequently the quality of their work. The purpose of the present study was to determine nursing occupational stress and factors influencing that in order to implement interventional programs for decreasing them. In this cross- sectional study، 241 nurses working in teaching hospitals of Zanjan were selected through stratified sampling. Data were collected through three questionnaires for demographic features، job characteristics and nursing stress scale. Data analysis was performed through SPSS16 and using Kruskal Wallis، Mann Whitney U test and Spearman Correlation. In whole، 1. 2% of the nurses had low tension، while 48. 1% were suffering from moderate and 50. 6% from high levels of tension in their positions. Female nurses and those without intention for continuing studies had significantly higher levels of job stress (p<0. 007 and p<0. 05 respectively). Job stress showed no significant relationship with age، marital states، shift working، job experience، work place، overtime working and number of children. The level of stress is high in nurses. It is suggested that implementing some interventional measures for decreasing nursing job stress، especially in high risk groups، such as preventing contacts with physicians or coworkers can decrease job stress in nurses.

This study was performed to investigate the incidence of thrombophilic gene mutations in repeated assisted reproductive technology (ART) failures. The prevalence of mutated genes in the patients with a history of three or more previous ART failures was compared with the patients with a history of successful pregnancy following ARTs. The study group included 70 patients, 34 with three or more previously failed ARTs (A) and control group consisted of 36 patients with successful pregnancy following ARTs (B). All patients were tested for the presence of mutated thrombophilic genes including factor V Leiden (FVL), Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and Prothrombin (G20210A) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR). Mutation of FVL gene was detected in 5.9% women of group A (2 of 34) compared with 2.8% women (1 of 36) of control group (P = 0.6). Mutation of MTHFR gene was found in 35.3% (12 cases) as compared with 50% (18 cases) of control (35.3% versus 50%; P = 0.23). Regarding Prothrombin, only control group had 5.6% mutation (P = 0.49). No significant differences were detected in the incidences of FVL, Prothrombin and MTHFR in the study group A compared with the control group B. The obtained results suggest that thrombophilia does not have a significant effect in ART failures.

Love is the essence of life and everybody needs it. Love manifestation leads tocreativity and restraining it leads to corruption and annihilation. All human beings,in spit of their racial, cultural and religious differences, share some common needsamong which is the need for love, affection, and friendship. Nothing as much as lovehas always been interesting to be researched. It is a search that lasts from cradle tograve. In this study, a lot has been done to explain the true love and to distinguishthe real love from unreal. Also, how to have such a successful marriage and theeffective factors in such a success have been investigated. In this study, the questionis to see if there is a relationship between lovemaking and the satisfaction of maritallife. Researching about the topic and its background, the research procedure is asfollows: 30 couples, aged 25 to 35 from Kashan city were selected as sample. Aquestionnaire on satisfaction of marital life (ENRICH) and the scale of SteinbergTriangular Love were taken as research tools. Finally, the relationship betweenlovemaking and the satisfaction from marital life was measured. t>12.13 was greaterthan the one in the table (1.98) at level of 95% and (2.617) at level of 99%. Theconception of Zero was rejected. Therefore, the research hypothesis is true. Thismeans that the relationship between lovemaking and satisfaction from marital life ismeaningful.

Multiple sclerosis is one kind of nervous system diseases that destroys the myelin sheath of the nerve. The destruction of myelin happens in special parts like optical nerves. brain stem، cerebellum، these impaired parts are called plaque. This disease is accompanied with a wide variety of signs and symptoms. (Etemadi and Ashtari،1381). Memory disorder is another sign of cerebral diseases. it is of the most common malfunctions of such diseases. (Bahramnejad،1376). In this study، there has been a great attempt to assess an educational program me to improve the memory affectivity of patients. Major �Determining the effect of training memory strategies to improve the memory of the patients affected with multiple sclerosis. This is an experimental study in which all female patients suffering from Ms who live in Isfahan were participated in 1386. 30 of the samples who were taken from khorshid hospital went under experimentation. this group was randomly chosen and was divided in to 2 groups of 15،one experimental and the other control group. The experimental group went under 4 weeks of training methods and strategies to improve memory، two sessions each week. The memory strategies are as follow: 1. Enhance meaning fullness 2. minimizing the interference 3. note-taking on white board 4. avoiding too much memorization 5. using calendar 6. organizing 7. Be consistent 8. leveling 9. one step at a time 10. mind relaxation 11. mind exercise 12. Repetition 13. time management rules. After 4 weeks، both groups had the post test using Wechsler questionnaire and MT questionnaire. One month later the follow up test was taken. The results show that training memory-improvement strategies affect the marks of post test. The covariance analysis of the post test marks of Wechsler test in both groups showed that eliminating the effect of control group between the adjusted marks of test token from both groups were significantly different. (p<0. 01). This effect was 65% so training memory strategies have direct effect on memory marks of participants in post test taken from experimental group. The covariance analysis of the post test marks of MT test in both groups showed that eliminating the effect of control group between the adjusted marks of test token from both groups were significantly different (p<0. 01). This effect was 69% so training memory strategies have direct effect on memory marks of participants in post test taken from experimental group. Analysis of covariance in marks of Wechsler memory test in both groups showed that eliminating control variable among adjusted average marks of Wechsler memory test results in significant difference. (p<0. 01) Therefore، training affects the marks. The results of covariance analysis in the post MT test in both groups showed that among the adjusted average marks a significant difference came out (p<0. 01). Therefore، training So the forth proposition is confirmed. This effect was 67% so training memory strategies have direct effect on memory marks of participants in follow up experimental group