masoud abdollahi

The objective of this study was to design and validate a contextual curriculum model emphasizing connectivity for teaching social studies in the first year of secondary school. This model aims to integrate real-world connections and create a cohesive learning environment to enhance student engagement and critical thinking skills. 

This research employed a foundational-applied and qualitative design. The study's qualitative component involved a comprehensive review of relevant books, articles, and studies selected purposefully. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 experts in the field of human resources and education, including educational assistants, student affairs assistants, and faculty members. Data were analyzed using the Delphi technique in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. 

The study identified five main dimensions with sixteen components essential for the contextual curriculum model: logic and objectives, content and learning activities, teacher's role and materials/resources, grouping and evaluation, and time and place. Key components included knowledge and learning, participation and engagement, social skills, self-directed learning, and academic enthusiasm. 

The findings support the development of a comprehensive and cohesive curriculum model that enhances educational experiences and outcomes for first-year secondary school students. The identified dimensions and components align with existing literature and underscore the importance of inclusive, context-sensitive, and ethically grounded curricula. This study provides a robust framework for educators and policymakers to improve social studies education through innovative curriculum design.

Heart valve replacement (HVR) surgery represents a significant life event that can potentially impact the well-being (WB) of patients; however, there is a shortage of research on the understanding of WB in HVR patients. This study aims to elucidate the WB experiences of patients who have undergone HVR surgery. A qualitative directed content analysis approach was employed, focusing on patients who had undergone HVR surgery at hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Iran from March 2021 to June 2022. Data collection involved conducting 23 face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with HVR patients until data saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed using the Elo and Kyngäs approach in MAXQDA software version 10. The analysis revealed 11 generic categories based on the Biopsychosocial-Spiritual (BPSS) model, encompassing the WB experiences of HVR patients. These categories included physical improvements, facilitated treatment compliance, personal and environmental mastery, optimism in life, resilience, healing therapeutic communication of medical staff, a positive supportive atmosphere, job and financial assurance, faith in a higher power, optimism regarding a purposeful future, and gratitude mixed with generosity. The findings of the current study revealed that the experience of WB in HVR patients was influenced by various conditions. By recognizing these conditions, healthcare providers can develop targeted interventions to improve the WB experience in these patients. Also, the findings provide a foundation for future research on WB in medical contexts.

Students play a crucial role in shaping the future of a nation and are thus regarded as a vital segment of society. Studies indicate a high prevalence of mental disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression among students (1). Medical students, in particular, face significant psychological pressure due to factors like direct patient interaction, high workload, and role ambiguity, which can lead to higher levels of stress compared to other students (2). Stress among medical interns, caused by work pressure, can negatively impact their mental health, academic progress, and readiness for professional roles (3).Psychological capital, encompassing components like hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy, has emerged as a crucial factor in coping with stress (11). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) interventions have gained attention for their effectiveness in enhancing psychological capital and reducing stress (7).While recent research has shown promising results regarding the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy, studies focusing on medical interns still need to be included. Given the continuous interaction with patients, medical interns may face heightened stress levels, highlighting the need for research in this area. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on stress symptoms and cognitive capital among medical interns at Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon.

The present research was conducted experimentally with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was the intern medical students of Tankabon Islamic Azad University, Iran, in 2022-2023, on the basis of which 100 intern medical students were voluntarily asked to fill in the questionnaires of the current research. Thirty people with stress symptoms and low psychological capital were randomly selected (15 people in the experimental group) and (15 people in the control group). Before the intervention, a pre-test was performed and after the intervention, a post-test was performed on the people of the control and experimental groups. The effect of this method was measured. The criteria for entering the present study were: 1) Willingness to cooperate with clients for educational intervention, 2) Failure to simultaneously participate in any other educational intervention, 3) Medical students, both male and female, should be studying during the internship period, and 4) Sign the informed consent to participate in the study and be committed to attending the entire course. The criteria for leaving the present study were 1) Having non-educational motivations such as lack of interest in the field of study and family and job problems, 2) Absence of more than two sessions in the education process, and 3) Dissatisfaction with participation in meetings and research due to interference with other curricular and non-curricular programs.Measures1) Khodayari Fard and Parand Stress Symptoms Questionnaire (2005): This questionnaire, based on the Stress Symptoms Questionnaire (Seyed-Khorasani-Sadeghiani, 1998), measures stress symptoms across cognitive, emotional, behavioral,and physical domains. It comprises 50 items, with responses rated on a six-point Likert scale (12).2) Psychological Capital Questionnaire by Luthans et al. (2007): This questionnaire, designed by Luthans and colleagues in 2007, consists of 24 items assessingself-efficacy, hope,resilience, and optimism. Responses are rated on a six-point likert scale, with higher scores indicating more significant psychological capital (13).3) Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program: The program was based on the Kabat-Zinn protocol (2005) and comprised eight 120-minute weekly sessions (15).Data Analysis.Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney test, and multivariate covariance analysis to compare the effects of MBSR training on stress symptoms and psychological capital between the experimental and control groups. SPSS software was utilized for statistical analysis and interpretation of results.

In the sample population, it was observed that 60% of the participants, totaling 18 individuals, were identified as male students, whereas 40%, equivalent to 12 individuals, were identified as female students. Further examination of the age distribution within the sample revealed that the majority, constituting 56% (17 individuals), fell within the age range of 20 to 30 years old. Following this group, 36% (11 individuals) were found to be between the ages of 31 to 40 years old, while a smaller proportion, comprising 8% (2 individuals), belonged to the age bracket of 41 to 50 years old.The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant disparity between the experimental group that engaged in mindfulness-based stress reduction training and the control group that did not receive any instructional intervention. This difference was particularly notable regarding the reduction of stress symptoms and the enhancement of psychological capital, as evidenced by the analysis conducted at a significance level of (P<0.05).

The current study on mindfulness-based stress reduction training has shown impressive results. It highlights that this program can effectively reduce stress symptoms while boosting the psychological well-being of medical interns. Therefore, this research not only holds considerable value in the realm of improving mental and physical health but also presents practical applications for enhancing performance and reducing stress in medical professions and similar professional environments. These findings can serve as a guide for developing similar educational programs in other medical and health-related fields, aiming for continuous improvement in the quality of healthcare services and stress reduction within these professions.

According to the Austrian School of Economics, money creation as the new purchasing power causes a boost in inequality because it is not simultaneously available to consumers. Therefore, imposing restrictions on money creation prevents the increase in inequality. Although assessing moral hazard and creditworthiness is an essential factor in credit supply, "Money Multiplier Theory" also considers it a function of the inflow of reserves and their supply by the central bank. In contrast, according to "Money Creation Theory," reserves are not a prerequisite for creating money. Banks' lack of need for reserves results in passive money creation, which is inelastic to the supply of reserves, and a large amount of it is made up of loans paid to related individuals and close to the bank. Although this kind of lending reduces the cost of evaluating creditworthiness, it provides new purchasing power to a small part of society who have access to new money earlier than others and are not limited to prudential rules such as the loan-to-value ratio. Analyzing the performance of the banking system in the Iranian economy shows that the amount of loans provided to people with a long-term relationship with the bank is beyond the limits specified in the prudential regulations.

Today, ageing is a challenge for health and care systems, and one of its main consequences is an increase in the readmission rates. Therefore, in all countries, efforts are being made to reduce the readmission rate. The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale was designed to understand patients' readiness levels for discharge. This study was conducted to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale.

Methods & Materials: 

In this methodological study, a convenience sample of 500 elderly patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences was selected in 2020-2021. The instrument was translated using the forward-backwards method. The psychometric properties of the final version of the instrument were assessed by employing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (validity) and Cronbach's alpha and the Guttman's split-half coefficient (reliability).

In the factor analysis, all items had a factor loading above 0.3 and, all of them were retained. The goodness of fit indices confirmed the model and a good fit of the model. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale and the Guttman's split-half coefficient were 0.92 and 0.86, respectively.

The results of our study supported the four-dimensional structure of this instrument and indicated that this instrument has adequate validity and reliability. Therefore, nurses and doctors can use this tool as a suitable method to measure the elderly patients' readiness for discharge and to achieve a safe transfer from the hospital to home.

Human resources development, especially faculty members who play a substantial role in education, isof great importance and can lead to enhanced competence and participation of employees in university affairs. Mentoring is one of the programs that have attracted the attention of activists in this field today. This review aims to integrate the evidence about the goals, methods, implementation steps, and consequences of the mentoring methods for faculty member development in higher education institutions.

We used a systematic review in this study. Keywords related to the mentoring program were searched in gateways and databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC from 2000 to 2021. In the initial search, 638 articles were found, and 16 studies were reviewed after excluding those unrelated to the research objective.

The results showed that the mentoring program included three stages: “Targeting and Familiarization with theImplementation of the Mentoring Program”, “Mentoring Program Implementation”, and “Evaluation of the Mentoring Program”. The implementation approaches included Traditional One-toone Mentoring Program, Peer Mentoring Program, and Distance Education Mentoring Program.

This study identified the stages and types of mentoring programs and revealed that their employment, especially the distance education mentoring program, led to the advancement of faculty members in various fields. A mixed-method approach to program evaluation can provide more appropriate views of the effects of these programs.

Chest tube insertion is recommended after cardiac surgery, and inserted annually for a large number of these patients. In addition to its benefits, the chest tube may have risks that are mismanaged. One of these risks is the possibility of pleural effusion, which can occur in high rates. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to properly manage the chest tube and reduce its complications.

This systematic review of cohort study asked the question: Is there enough evidence to determine the right time to remove the chest tube? We searched ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Embase from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2019 to identify retrospective or prospective cohort studies.

Three studies recommended early chest tube removal and two studies late removal. Of course, early and late removals in the studies had different meanings and time frames that were examined).

More evidences and studies are needed to determine the right timing and management of the chest tube removal but our systematic review based on the available evidences revealed that if the chest tube removal occurs about 24 hours postoperatively, and with less than 100 ml drainage within the last 8 hours, it will reduce the risk of pleural effusion and improve many other outcomes.

According to the new economic theories and endogenous growth models, productivity factors of production are expressed as a key variable for achieving high and continuous growth. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting the productivity of production factors is very important. In this study, due to the significance of the agricultural sector in the Iranian economy and its role in supplying food needs, we specified a behavioral model for productivity factors of agricultural production by focusing on the impact of insurance variable as an indicator for risk management. For this purpose, the total productivity factors of production was estimated using Törnqvist-Theil Index and the theoretical model of behavioral regression was evaluated by using cointegration methodology and based on time series data during 1984- 2017. The results show that insurance can positively influence productivity by providing security in crop production and increasing computing power and farmer planning. In addition, the real exchange rate, training costs, and technical efficiency indicators had a positive effect, while cost of capital had a negative effect on productivity. The information provided in this study can be used to implement insurance protection policies in the agricultural sector effectively to increase productivity.

The scientific research regarding investigation, characterization and protection of the archeological specimens is manifested through a notable participation of multidisciplinary subjects and experts, scientists and archeometrists. One of the main principals which are considered by archaeometrists in the study of the precious specimens is the utilizing nondestructive methods. As an example, in synchrotrons, parameters such as the high photon flux, the small source size and the low divergence attained make it a very efficient source for a range of advanced spectroscopy and imaging techniques, adapted to the heterogeneity and great complexity of the materials under study. The use of synchrotron radiation techniques to study cultural heritage and archaeological materials has undergone a steep increase over the past 10–15 years. The techniques mainly have been focused on are: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray absorption (XAS), X-ray tomography microscopy (XTM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. Among these, XRF spectroscopy is based on the detection of characteristic X-rays emitted. Impinging X-rays on an atom creates inner electron vacancy in it, where the excited atom returns to its ground state, the fluorescing photon is emitted. The energy of this photon is the difference in energy between the vacancy and the electronic state of the electron filling the vacancy. Analysis of the XRF spectra includes identification of the elements from the fluorescence spectra observed. On the other hand, XAS (or X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy) relies on the absorption of X-rays by atoms of the materials in the vicinity of the absorption edge of one of its constituting elements. This technique gives chemical information on the coordination sphere of the absorber.  In X-ray tomography, a set of radiographs are taken and used to reconstruct a 3D morphology of the studied object. With two procedure, the obtained 3D morphology corresponds to what is measured in the radiography: X-ray absorption contrast where the image formed on the detector is described assuming an straight trajectory for each photon when the density of the transversed matter modulates its intensity on the detector; where the main effect of the matter is refraction and the absorption is negligible, X-ray phase contrast plays role while the photon direction changes as it travels inside the material. Diffraction takes place whenever the wavelength of the interacting wave is comparable with a length scale of a periodic structure. Therefore, the analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns gives information about the atomic and molecular structure of matter. For amorphous systems, however, the absence of an ordered structure limits outcomes of the XRD technique. Nevertheless, it gives significant information on average interatomic or intermolecular distances. Infrared spectroscopy is based on a transition in the vibrational state of the molecules when the incident photon is absorbed. The energy of this photon is a characteristic of the nature of each vibration, involving a single bond or chemical group in the molecule. In this research, how synchrotron radiation, identified with super brilliant and parallel micro x-rays, can be applied to characterize archeological specimens is presented, and then, some results by which the advantages of using the synchrotron radiation technique over the prior ones can be stressed, noticeably, will be reasoned.hich the advantages of using the synchrotron radiation technique over the prior ones can be stressed, noticeably, will be reasoned.

An open research question is how the central nervous system (CNS) to find a solution for the problem of redundancy or degree of freedom in the human shoulder motion control. We used time-varying synergy theory in which assumed that the relative activation between muscles is time-varying, to investigate the combination of activation patterns of muscles in twelve 3-D hand-held exercises by Flexi-Bar using Anybody Technology software (A/S, Aalborg, Denmark). Using activation of 12 muscles and the moment across the joint as an input matrix for the optimization procedure to extract functional time-varying synergies, time delays and amplitude coefficients, the achieved 5 tonic and phasic synergies explained 79% of the data variation. Matching pursuit procedure and non-negative least square used to find timing shifts and amplitude coefficients respectively. Considering a new exercise out of the primary database, 60% of the activation patterns reconstructed using time-varying synergies. Although the extracted synergies seem to be directionally tuned, the results show that due to the same velocity in all exercises and also because the torque which that was applied due to the weight of the bar and arm on the joint is not significant, both timing shifts and separation phasic-tonic parts of the activation patterns provide no further explanation on CNS behavior and finding them causes unnecessary computational cost. Future study can focus on the comparison of synergies between two or more groups of exercises by the Flexi-Bar such as holding the bar vertically or horizontally with swinging it up and down or back and forth.

  Extract of mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L) leaves contains MLI protein that is a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP2) with lectin properties. Shiga toxin (STxB) has been considered as an immunoadjuvant and carrier, which binds to its cell surface receptor, Gb3, that is expressed on most of the body cells. In this study, the expression of ML1-stxB antigen and production of its antibody, were investigated in mouse.

In this experimental study, ML1 gene containing pUC57 plasmid with enzymes sites of NdeI and SalI, was subcloned in the pET28a(+)-stxB expression vector, and then was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of ML1-stxB gene cassette was induced by IPTG. After purification, the MLI–STxB recombinant protein was purified by nickel affinity chromatography and injected into mice four times.

In this study, the cloned ML1-stxB gene in expression vector of pET28a(+) was confirmed by PCR and enzyme analysis. The produced recombinant protein were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Then, the produced antibody was isolated from the serum of mouse and investigated using ELISA method.

According to this study, ML1 protein has ribosome inactivating property and STxB has adjuvant and carrier functions, therefore,this recombinant protein can be a candidate vaccine against ML-1 toxin of Shigella dysentery, which its antibody can be used as identifier.

Burkholderia pseudomallei causing Melioidosis and Shigella dysenteriae is the most common cause of diarrhea, and so far no effective vaccine has been produced against these two bacteria. The BLF1 protein of Burkholderia pseudomallei bacteria plays an important role in pathogenesis and infection. Shigella dysentery STxB is one of the most important factors in pathogenesis and also has an adjuvant role. Binding the BLF1 protein with STxB can be a good candidate vaccine. In this study, the antibody titers of BLF1-STxB and BLF1 proteins produced in rats were compared.    In this experimental study, pET28a (+) - blf1-stxB and pET28a (+) - blf1 vectors were transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) and confirmed by PCR. The expression of blf1-stxB and blf1 genes was induced by IPTG and the proteins were injected into rats four times after purification of the protein by using an affinity chromatography column. Polyclonal antibodies produced in the serum of rats were measured.   The produced recombinant proteins were approved by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. ELISA results showed that antibody was produced against the BLF1 antigen and the antibody titer level increased by STxB binding to BLF1, compared with the antibody titer against the BLF1 antigen.   The BLF1-STxB protein had higher antibody titer than BLF1. Due to the structural similarity of STxB subunit with its counterpart in E. coli, it can be a vaccine candidate against Burkholderia pseudomallei, Shigella dysenteriae, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli.

One of the ways to strengthen the effect of vaccines is the use of adjuvant. STxB has a carrier role and can act as an adjuvant; thus it can be fused with vaccine candidate antigens in order to produce efficient vaccines. Saponaria officinalis is a plant that has shown N-glycosidase activity. SO6 isoform of this plant, depurinates the adenine 4324 in the conserved sequence GAGA in 28SrRNA and disrupts protein synthesis. The aim of this study was expression of SO6-STxB gene in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and investigation of antibody titer in mice. In this study SO6 gene with BamHI and SalI restriction enzyme sites were isolated from pUC57 plasmid and subcloned into pET28a (+) -STxB expression vector and transferred to E. coli BL21 (DE3). Expression of SO6-STxB gene cassette was induced by IPTG and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein was confirmed by western blotting. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with purified protein and serum IgG titers were measured by ELISA. Subcloning of SO6–STxB gene in pET28a (+) expression vector was confirmed by PCR and enzyme digestion reaction. A 37/5 kDa recombinant protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The antibody generated from mouse serum was isolated and confirmed by ELISA. Purified recombinant antigen STxB-SO6 can be used for research and be a suitable anti-cancer vaccine candidates.

The object of this research is the estimation of spatial distribution of three air temperature parameters at daily and monthly scales including minimum, maximum and mean temperatures at the Kurdistan province using MODIS sensor images setted on Aqua and Terra satellites. For this object, 8 synoptic stations at Kurdistan province were selected and for these 8 stations at 2013 and 2014, daily minimum, maximum and mean air temperature data and also land surface temperature at 4 daily times at these 8 stations for 2013 and 2014 years were extracted by processing on the MODIS sensor images. Afterwards, the multiple linear regression method was used to extract regional regression models for Kurdistan province between these 3 air temperature parameters and land surface temperature and to assesing the errors, cross validation based on the Mean Absolute Error, Mean Bias Error and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient was adopted. The results showed that it is a powerful relation between all of these 3 air temperture and land surface temperatures extracted by sattelite images. The results of cross validation showed an approperiate and reseanable agreement between the measured and estimated values of these 3 parameters at both daily and monthly scales so that the mean absolute error for minimum, maximum and mean temperatures were 2.7, 2.1 and 1.6 °C at daily scale and 1.9, 2. 1 and 1.1 °C at monthly scale, respectively. These results showed that it is possible to estimate these air temperature parameters at the places witout any meteorological stations with an approperiate and acceptable accuracy by extracting land surface temperatures of MODIS sensor for these places and applying the extracted regression models.

In this study, the allocation of resources of National Development Fund (NDF) to economic sectors in foreign currency and Rial is evaluated by making a structural macro-econometric model that expresses the reality of Iran’s economy as much as possible. This model consists of 45 behavioral equations, 28 connecting equations and 88 identities. Behavioral equations are estimated by the ARDL approach in Eviews 9 software using annual data from 1959 to 2014. According to Theil’s U statistic and root mean square error (RMSPE), the simulation of endogenous variables indicates that model gives a good explanation of Iran’s economy mechanism. Regarding different scenarios for how to allocate resources of National Development Fund to different economic sectors, simulation results over the 2011-2014 period show that if 80% of NDF’s resources is distributed in proportion to the share of sector's investment in total investment in foreign currency and remaining 20% is allocated equally to agriculture and industry sectors in Rial, the highest rate of economic growth will be realized.

Sanandaj in the west of Iran is one of the main city that suffered from Arabic Dust Storm (ADS). As Sanandaj isn’t industrial city and located in the mountainous region, one of the main sources of air pollution which has adverse effects on citizens and environment is PM10 which comes from Arabic Dust Storm. In this way, the goal of this study was to the assessment of these adverse health effects. So the hourly data of concentration of PM10 (measured by Beta attenuation method) were taken from Kurdistan Environmental Protection Agency in 2015.
the 24-hour average concentration of particulate matter has exceeded about 182 times (days) more than the National Standards and WHO guideline values and the average annual concentration of PM10 were about 1.5 times more than the National Standard and WHO guideline values during the period of the exam.
By means of Air Q2,2,3 software the data analyzed and baseline incidence(BI), relative risk(RR) and attributable proportion(AP) were calculated. The results of this study showed that short-term health effect of PM10 could increase of total mortality except accidents and poisoning(4.13%), hospital admission cardiovascular(4.98%), cardiovascular mortality(4.45%), hospital admission respiratory(4.45%) and respiratory mortality(0.2%).
This study demonstrated that a high percentage of cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality rate increased due to the raising of the concentration of PM10. To reduce the emission of PM10 from main sources and relationship between the hospital and Kurdistan Environmental Protection Agency and whether organization and people to be alert are necessary.

Unemployment is one of the major challenges facing the Iranian economy, and one of the government duties in the economy is to reduce unemployment. So, the aim of this paper is to study the macroeconomic factors affecting the unemployment rate in different provinces, with emphasis on cost credits and capital asset ownership during 2008-2015. The results indicate that cost credits have a significant positive effect and acquisition of capital assets have a significant negative effect on the unemployment rate in the provinces.With the increase in government cost credits, increased which has led to a reduction in productivity and an increase in unemployment. The increase in government acquisition of capital assets has had a complementary role for the private sector and has reduced the unemployment rate through providing the necessary economic infrastructure. Also, the results indicate a positive effect of the ratio of total government expenditures production of provinces on unemployment. With the division of provincial unemployment into urban and rural unemployment, cost credits has had a significant positive effect on unemployment, but the effect of acquisition of capital assets on rural unemployment is not significant. Also, during the implementation of “targeted subsidies law”, the unemployment rate has increased.

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the cause of the melioidosis disease in human, and is transmitted to patients through oral route, inhalation, or skin scratch. This agent is classified as a category B in the classification of biological agents. BLF1 specifically deaminates Gln339 from eIF4A. In this study, the expression of blf1 gene of B. pseudomallei in E. coli and antibody production in mouse, were assessed.
In this experimental study, blf1 gene of B. pseudomallei, was expressed in E. coli. The synthetic gene in pUC57 plasmid was purchased from Nedaye Fan COR. pUC57 plasmid containing blf1 gene with BamHI and SalI restriction enzyme sites, was subcloned in pET28a() expression vector and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). blf1 gene expression was induced by IPTG.
In this study, blf1 gene in cloned pET28a() expression vector, was approved by PCR and enzymatic analysis. Also, the produced recombinant protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Then, antibody produced from the mice serum, was isolated and confirmed by ELISA test.
Given that BLF1 protein has the ability to stop protein synthesis and the produced antibody was confirmed by ELISA, the BLF1 recombinant protein can be used to treat cancer and as a vaccine candidate against B. pseudomallei.

In the literature, money demand is usually related to some key variables such as income, interest rate, exchange rate and inflation. But in the societies that population age distribution has changed drastically, age structure is also an important explanatory variable that should be considered in a well defined money demand function. The absence of such variable from money demand function might not lead to a co-integrated equation. Hence the estimated parameters would not be reliable. In this article, by the aid of Ando and Modigliani’s life cycle theory of consumption, three money functions are specified for the components of liquidity that encompasses a variable which represents changes in the age distribution of the society. The specified equations are estimated using time series data for the period 1959 to 2014. ARDL method of estimation is adopted. The results show that by increasing the portion of middle age group in the population, who’s marginal propensity to consume is low, the demand for currency and checking accounts decreases while the demand for time deposits tend to increase.

Plant ribosome inactivating proteins act as N-glycosidase enzyme and produce by several family of Caryophyllaceae such as Saponaria Officinalis. Different Isoforms of RIPs expressed by Saponaria Officinalis. SO6 isoform depurinate Adenine 4324 in the conserved GAGA loop of 28SrRNA and disrupts protein synthesis. The aim of this study was expression of SO6 isoform in E.coli and investigation of antibody titer in rats.
In this experimental study, SO6 synthetic gene was excised from recombinant pUC57- SO6 plasmid with BamHI and SalI restriction enzymes and subcloned into pET28a () expression vector. The expression of recombinant protein was induced by IPTG. Recombinant SO6 was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. Western blotting was performed to confirm the recombinant protein. Rats were immunized intraperitoneal with purified protein and IgG serum titer was assayed by ELISA.
PCR reaction and enzyme digestion confirmed subcloning of SO6 gene into pET28a () expression vector. A 29.5kDa protein band on SDS-PAGE showed a high level of recombinant protein expression. Polyclonal antibodies recognized SO6. ELISA confirmed significant antibody titer after injection of protein in test group compared with the control group.
The recombinant purified SO6 antigen can be used for anti-cancer and vaccine candidate research.

One of the ways to strengthen the effect of vaccines is using the adjuvant. STxB has a carrier and adjuvant role that we can fuse it with vaccine candidate antigens and produce efficient vaccines. BLF1 has a role in the pathogenesis and infection by Burkholderia pseudomallei, that can be studied when fused with stxB.The aim of this study expression blf1-stxB gene Cassette in E. coli and antibody production in mice.
In this study the synthetic gene in pUC57 plasmid was purchased from Nedaye Fan COR. pUC57 plasmid containing blf1 with BamHI , SalI restriction enzyme sites was subcloned in pET28a()-stxB expression vector and transformed into E. coli BL21 DE3. expression blf1-stxB gene Cassette was induced by IPTG. After extraction by affinity chromatography, the recombinant protein was injected four times to mice.
In this study, blf1-StxB cloned gene in pET28a() expression vector was approved by PCR and enzymatic analysis. Also recombinant protein confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Then antibody produced from the mice serum, were isolated and confirmed by ELISA.
Given that BLF1 protein has the ability to stop protein synthesis and STxB has a carrier and adjuvant role, also with respect to antibody titers produced, it’s as a vaccine candidate against B. pseudomallei and Shigella dysenteriae.

In the past decade significant research on strengthening, repair and increasing load capacity of concrete structures is carried out by the researchers. Meanwhile, the new methods including the use of polymer fibers to provide confinement for concrete and injecting resin under pressure to fill the concrete cracks for a better continuity of a failed member are introduced. This paper introduces a new approach for strengthening a concrete member based on epoxy injection and in addition to strengthening and increasing the load capacity to repair concrete members. In this study, nine cylindrical samples were prepared, three as control specimens, two specimens with four holes and four specimens with eight holes. All holes with a diameter of 10 mm provided by drill and then epoxy injection were carried out. The purpose was to determine the strength increase and to reduce the lateral strain under axial loading. Two specimens with eight holes confined with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) to observe the effect of such a confinement comparing to the normal confinement provided by CFRP. These holes were created in specimens with specific angles and distances from each other. The results show that the suggested epoxy injection method increased the strength and load capacity of the specimens in the non-linear range and the lateral strain is reduced. Epoxy injection plus confinement provided by CFRP resulted in a better performance.

Iran economy is a dependent economy on exogenous factor of oil revenues and as Iran economy is governmental condition, the production quantity depends on this exogenous factor and always has lots of fluctuations. As lack of fluctuation in production quantity and its continuum growth form the increase in profitability expectation of private investment, this article reviews the effective factors on private investment focusing on fluctuation of real quantity of economy using time-series statics between 1966 and 2011. At first by the Generalized Auto-regressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (GARCH) fluctuation of the quantity of economy is calculated then, by using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL), model is calculated. The results reveal that in long term and short term fluctuations of country’s production have a negative effect on private section’s investment. Reviewing of other factors shows that private investment has a positive relation with both gross domestic product and production capacity and also has negative relation with exchange rate and long term deposits.