mehdi dehghani

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of several factors, including hospitalization frequency, inflammatory and hemolytic markers, and the numbers of blood transfusions and crises, on the severity of pain crises in sickle-thalassemia patients.

Of all patients visiting hematologists in university-affiliated hospitals and clinics, only 75 sickle cell disease (SCD) and sickle-thalassemia patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Disease severity was measured based on pain crises per year and laboratory markers, including hemolytic and inflammatory indicators, outpatient or inpatient status, the number of hospital admissions, and the number of blood units transfused over one year.

In sickle cell patients, a significant correlation was observed between hospital admission and WBC (0.01), ALP (0.001), MCHC (0.001), ferritin (0.021), and ESR (0.006). Additionally, pain crises were positively correlated with transferrin saturation (TS) (+0.28) and the number of transfused blood units (+0.49) and negatively correlated with Hb (-0.30) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (-0.23). Blood unit transfusions showed a positive correlation with serum iron (+0.44), RDW (+0.36), ferritin (+0.39), pain crises (+0.49), and TS (+0.49), along with a negative correlation with Hb (-0.75) and MCHC (-0.33). When categorizing pain crises into two groups, patients experiencing more frequent crises generally exhibited lower hemoglobin levels and a higher number of blood units transfused. Hemoglobin also showed a significant negative correlation with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in both groups: -0.604 (P = 0.005) in patients with ≥ 3 crises per year and -0.368 (P = 0.006) in patients with < 3 crises per year. Patients with hemoglobin levels of 7.5 or higher tended to maintain an LDH level below 1000. Among patients referred with pain crises, hemoglobin was negatively correlated with hemolytic markers such as LDH (-0.41) and retic (-0.29).

Hemoglobin and LDH can serve as follow-up markers, as they are routinely measured in all sickle cell patients and, in this study, hemoglobin levels of 7.5 or higher and LDH levels below 1000 were associated with fewer and less severe pain crises. Regular monitoring of hemolytic markers may help in pain crisis prevention, as this study found that hemolytic crises frequently coincided with pain crises. Further research is needed to provide conclusive evidence in this area.

Ficus johannis Boiss. is a shrubby species in the family Moraceae, exclusively found in Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. This research studies the total phenolic content, flavonoid concentrations, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of this biologically unknown species.

The Leaves and fruits of the plant were gathered from the northern slope of Taftan Mountain in Sistan and Baluchestan, in the summer of 2022. After washing, drying, grinding, and obtaining hydroalcoholic extracts of the fruits and leaves, quantifying the phenolic and flavonoid concentrations was done spectrophotometrically utilizing the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric techniques, respectively. The anti-radical activity of the organs was assayed via the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) protocol and their antimicrobial effects were assessed using the broth microdilution and streak plate techniques against six bacterial, and three fungal pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans.

The phenolic compounds were found to be evenly distributed in both leaf and fruit extracts (around 43 mg GAE/g dry extract) while flavonoids were detected in significantly higher concentrations in the fruit extract (14.62 vs 9.57 mg QrE/g dry extract). The leaf extract was better at scavenging free radicals compared to the fruit extract (IC50 93.79 vs 239.62 μg/ml, respectively), while both extracts showed higher IC50 values than the positive control. The leaf extract showed better inhibitory effects on the tested microorganisms compared to the fruit extract. The leaf extract was effective against all tested bacteria, whereas, among the investigated fungi, only Aspergillus fumigatus was vulnerable to it. Conversely, the fruit extract was able to prevent the growth of all investigated fungal strains, but only two bacterial strains (Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia) were affected by it. Moreover, both lea and fruit extracts showed the best antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus with MIC values of 128 and 512, repectively.

The Ficus johannis fruits and leaves are great sources of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with moderate anti-radical capacity. Moreover, the fruit extract mainly contains antifungal ingredients while the leaf extract chiefly includes antibacterial agents.

The objective is to evaluate the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) as an early complication of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedure.

From May 2022 to October 2022, we conducted a retrospective study on patients undergoing PCNL procedures in two of the tertiary medical centers affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Patients’ baseline characteristics, laboratory values, perioperative data, and stone features were documented. AKI was defined either as a ?0.3 mg/dL increase in the serum creatinine level within 2 days, or a ?1.5?fold increase in baseline serum creatinine level within 7 days after the operation. Laboratory values were measured 1 day before PCNL and daily thereafter until discharge. Patients were followed 1 week later to detect all of the possible cases of AKI.

The final analysis was performed on 347 individuals. AKI developed in 16 (4.61%) cases. The two groups were comparable regarding age (P = 0.887), gender (P = 0.566), and underlying comorbidities including diabetes mellitus (P = 0.577) and hypertension (P = 0.383). The mean body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001) and both frequency and severity of hydronephrosis (P < 0.001) were significantly different. A higher mean PCNL duration (P < 0.001), period of hospitalization (P < 0.001), and blood loss volume (P < 0.001) were observed in those who developed AKI. Overall, 56.3% (9) of patients in the AKI group and 2.7% (9) in the non?AKI group required the establishment of more than one access tract, during the procedure (P < 0.001). A lower preoperative hemoglobin level was observed in the AKI group (P < 0.001). Those with AKI had significantly larger stones (3.08 ± 0.46 vs. 2.41 ± 0.23 cm, P < 0.001) and higher Hounsfield units (P < 0.001). In addition, in the AKI group, most of the calculi (81.3%, 13) were of staghorn type, whereas in the non?AKI group, calculi were most frequently located in the middle calyx (30.2%, 100), (P < 0.001).

The prevalence of post?PCNL AKI is approximately 4.61%. The mean BMI, preoperative hemoglobin level, PCNL duration, intraoperative blood loss volume, and hospitalization period were significantly higher among patients who developed AKI. Those with AKI had significantly larger stones with higher Hounsfield units and more frequently of staghorn type. The two groups were not statistically different regarding age, gender, and presence of comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes mellitus).

‎From the viewpoint of‎ "‎extra dimension detecting,‎" ‎the phenomenon of the transition of the free point particle into 3d space is investigated‎. ‎In this way‎, ‎we formulate the problem using the second-class constrained system‎. ‎To investigate it using a gauge theoretical approach‎, ‎we use two methods to convert its two second-class constraints to first-class ones‎. ‎In symplectic embedding‎, ‎we construct a pair of scaler and vector gauge potentials‎, ‎which can be interpreted as interactions for detecting extra dimensions‎. ‎A Wess-Zumino variable appears as a new coordinate in potentials‎, ‎and the particle's mass plays the role of a globally conserved charge related to the constructed gauge theory for extra dimensions‎.

Essential oils have been utilized for various purposes throughout history. These aromatic substances have become increasingly popular in alternative medicine, aromatherapy, and personal care products.

In this study, essential oils from the aerial parts of four Allium species and three Brassicaceae members, namely Fortuynia garcinii, Draba verna, and Thlaspi arvense were evaluated for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.

The radical-scavenging properties were tested using DPPH assay. Antimicrobial activities were examined on nine standard pathogens: three Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, three Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and two fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum as well as the yeast Candida albicans.

The IC50 values of antioxidant assay ranged from 124.66 to 155.04 μg/ml. Allium zagricum showed the best antioxidant effects with IC50 of 124.66 μg/ml compared to standard vitamin E (IC50 = 10.40 μg/ml). Similarly, the MIC values of 25-400 μg/ml with Fortuynia garcinii fruits-Zahedan were assessed as the best antimicrobial effects, while they were higher than the MIC values recorded for positive controls (0.06-16 for amikacin and 32-256 for clotrimazole).

Essential oils extracted from Allium zagricum and Fortuynia garcinii can be prescribed for the treatment of oxidative stress-related and infectious diseases.

The efficacy of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) on the improvement of erectile dysfunction (ED) in second kidney transplant (KT) recipients has not been well investigated previously.

We aimed to compare the efficacy of tadalafil in three groups: hemodialysis (HD) patients, first KT recipients (KT1), and second KT recipients (KT2) with bilaterally ligated internal iliac arteries.

Age-matched men with erectile dysfunction were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: HD, KT1, and KT2. The International Index of Erectile Function 15 (IIEF-15) was used to assess baseline erectile function. Tadalafil was administered in a dose-escalation method for three months. Patients were reevaluated by the questionnaire at three months. The mean score evolution was compared between the study groups by one-way ANOVA.

The final analysis included 106 patients in three groups. There was no significant difference between the study groups regarding age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and frequency of smoking, opium, or alcohol use. Tadalafil was safe and effective in all three groups. The mean IIEF score evolution in HD, KT1, and KT2 groups was 16.4 (58.7% increase from baseline), 19.3 (45.0% increase), and 20.4 (52.7% increase), respectively (P= 0.66).

Tadalafil is effective and safe in managing ED after the second kidney transplantation, where the internal iliac arteries are cut bilaterally. The response rate is similar to first kidney transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients.

It has been proven that plant extracts show great promise in fighting pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of 20 strains of Salmonella typhimurium extracted from poultry feces against conventional antibiotics and the antibacterial activity of 10 medicinal plant extracts, including Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Capparis spinosa L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Eryngium planum L., Rumex acetosa L., Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand, Psidium guajava L., Malva sylvestris L., Urtica dioica L., and Alcea setosa Alef., against the extracted strains.

The susceptibility of S. typhimurium strains against tested antibiotics was determined using disk diffusion, and the antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts was evaluated using well diffusion and broth microdilution assays.

The extracted S. typhimurium strains showed high resistance to cephalosporin (100%) and gentamicin (40%); however, all plant extracts examined in this study were influential in inhibiting the growth of the tested strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of tested plant extracts ranged from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL and 12.5 to 50 mg/mL, respectively. The most effective plant extracts in inhibiting bacterial growth in the agar well diffusion method were P. guajava, H. sabdariffa, and A. setosa; nevertheless, the most potent bactericidal activity was recorded for M. sylvestris and A. setosa in the broth microdilution method. The examined strains showed 80% and 85% sensitivity to the MBC of alcoholic extracts of M. sylvestris and A. setosa (50 mg/mL), respectively, which is worthy of further exploration by scientists.

The results of this study represent the high potency of M. sylvestris and A. setosa extracts as appropriate medicinal and/or food supplements to replace ineffective antibiotics in bird breeding.

Developing an efficient and reliable method for the identification of depression has high importance. The aim of this paper is to propose an approach for depression diagnosis using an interhemispheric asymmetry matrix and machine learning algorithms.

First, EEG signal was acquired from 24 depressed patients and 24 healthy subjects. The EEG signal was acquired from participants for 5 minutes in eyes-closed (EC) and 5 minutes in eyes-open (EO) condition. After preprocessing data, interhemispheric asymmetry for absolute and relative powers of theta and beta frequency bands, theta-to-alpha power ratio, and IAF features were computed. Then, the proposed asymmetry matrix is used as a feature for statistical and classification analysis. In this paper, classification was performed using a support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). 

The results demonstrated that central and temporal theta absolute power, central and temporal individual alpha frequency (IAF) asymmetries in EC condition and occipital beta absolute power, temporal theta relative power, temporal theta-to-alpha power ratio, and temporal IAF asymmetries in EO condition have significant differences between depressed and healthy groups. Findings show that beta absolute power asymmetry in the occipital region and EO condition is a good biomarker for depression identification with 77.1% accuracy using Gaussian SVM classifier.

The results of this study show performance of proposed asymmetry matrix features in depression detection. Findings show that beta absolute power asymmetry in the occipital region and EO condition is a good biomarker for depression identification.

 With the collapse of the Safavid government, many residents of the country's cities were massacred or forced to flee to remote rural and mountainous areas during internal riots and the aggression of neighboring countries. With the beginning of Nadir's rule and the improvement of the relative security of the country, the Urban development policy and tax exemptions caused the residents to return to their hometowns. the present research, thus aimed to respond to this question that what was urban development -financial relations of Nadir Shah Afshar with urbanites? To answer this question this study was performed that nadir in his effort to gain the consent of the city dwellers to achieve the monarchy followed the Urban development tradition of the Safavid government to improve the cities and exempt them from taxes. During the monarchy, the Afshar ruler's Emphasis on War camp supplies led to double taxes, torture, and reprimands of the urbanites.So far, no comprehensive research has been done on Nadir Shah Afshar's relations with the city dwellers, but in some researches related to the Afshar era, brief references have been made to the social-financial conditions of the cities.The author of the thesis "Insight and method in the historiography of the Afsharid era" by citing first-hand sources has made references to Nadir Shah's actions and personality including his vows to the Razavi shrine or his wealth-hoarding trend which caused the misery of the people. (Naseri, 2016: 110 , 125) The authors of the article "The effect of Nader Shah and Alisha Afshar's endowment policies on the decrease or growth of the endowments of Astan Quds Razavi" have mentioned the confiscation of endowment income by Nadir. (Suzanchi Kashani and Shaabani, 2013: 85) In the research of "Discrete Institutional Changes of Nadir shah and Evaluation of the Economic Conditions of Iran in the Age of Afsharid" attention has been paid to Nadir shah's tax arrangement and also to the destruction of cities. (Ehsani et al., 1400: 17 , 28) In the article of "Nadir shah, Legitimacy and Social Rebellions, 1139 AH-1152 AH/ 1726 AD-1740 AD" is mentioned about the rebellion of different cities under the command of Mohammad Khan Baloch. (Faridi, 1396: 158) In the book of "Iran in the Age of Nadir" is mentioned that Nadir considered the city dwellers to be the patrons of the Safavid dynasty. (Axworthy, 2008: 230) In the authorship of "Fragile Resistance: The History of Iran's Social Developments" is stated that the excessive pressure of taxes on the merchant class led to the destruction of regional and local trade in the country but Mashhad became an active commercial city. (Foran, 1377: 131-132)

the current research pays attention to the condition of the cities during the period of Nadir Shah by carefully studing the historical sources in order to survey a comprehensive description of his Urban development and financial policy with the city dwellers. In this regard, the research analyzes and interprets these features and their effects on the situation of cities by using the historical approach and classification of various aspects such as Urban development and the tax system of Afsharid government.  

With the declinee of the Safavid government, the Necessity to strengthen the military arm to establish social security led to the domination of the militarian over the executive affairs of the country which in turn provided the basis for the removal and change of the nature of many bureautical positions such as the prime minister. However, with the beginning of the reign of Shah Tahmasab II, the tradition of Safavid statehood which was based on the improvement of the ruins left over from the civil wars was revived to some extent and the Shah gave orders to the governors for Urban development actions; For example, in 1140 A.H., Nadir was ordered to allocate cash and commodity amounts to the Biotat of Astan Quds Razavi. (Shahidi, 2017: 216-216) Under the influence of the legacy of the Safavid bureaucracy, nadir Urban development actions were continued in the early period of his reign which were especially in Isfahan. For example, in 1150 AD, the royal palaces of Isfahan and the suburbs quickly became Rebuilding. For this reason, Nadir Shah gained a lot of respect among the people for reviving the works of Shah Abbas I. (Du cluster, 1346: 172-173) Despite of the relative revival of Isfahan city, the business center was moved to Mashhad due to the greater Urban development attention of the ruler. (Spilman, 1742:39(In case of political-military necessity, Nadir Shah sometimes built residential cities and castles. These actions was mostly carried out during military campaigns to the strategic areas. The ruler founded two cities in his name, one of which was around of Mashhad on behalf of Kandahar. He also built a fort and a bazaar for the settlement of people after the destruction of the Kandahar fort. (Wared, 1349: 254) By combineing the functions of the kingdom and the ministry, Nadir Shah personally closely supervised the appointments of officials such as the city governor, Mustofi, tax collectors, kalantars and heads of guilds in order to obtain maximum taxes. For example, in 1149 A.H, he established the process of evaluating all the properties of the country and the inputs and expenses of the marketers in order to obtain the maximum tax; As he confiscated all the waqf properties of Astan Quds Razavi. (Toomar Alishahi, 1379: 25-30)

During the Safavid era, there was not much tax strictness and sometimes the tax of low-income urban guilds was also forgiven.With the collapse of the Safavid government, the lack of a powerful and comprehensive central government caused the urban society which was the most accessible type of community in the country and the center for the establishment of the treasury, various guilds, and government courts, damaged a lot in the struggle of the Afghans with the claimants of the monarchy. Therefore, the re-establishment of the central government under Nadir Shah led to the gradual improvement of the situation of the cities as the centers of the establishment of the government in Urban development and financial affairs. At the beginning, Nadir tried to gain widespread legitimacy by improving the conditions of the society in the form of tax exemptions, Urban development actions and get interest of local residents and elders to finally prepare the conditions for attaining the monarchy by leaving the Safavid princes. However, during the period of the monarchy, Nadir Shah's change of behavior due to factors such as failure in political, military and religious goals led to tax strictures and even destructive actions such as confiscation of property, torture and mutilation of city dwellers under the pretext of providing military forces. The rebellion of urban classes, tax collectors and even Ali Qoli Khan, the nephew of Nadir Shah, caused many times. A process that, while disquietuding and fleeing the city dwellers to distant areas, gradually led to the deterioration of the foundations of the Afsharian government and even the murder of the Afsharian ruler.

From the Safavid era, the privileged religious-civil status of Astan Quds Razavi was followed by its influential political performance. With the collapse of the Safavid rule, the rulers of the provinces such as Khorasan were weakened and removed, and the preparations for the autonomy of the city elders including the trustee of Sarkar Feyz Asar were made. the present research, thus aimed to respond to this question: What was the position of Astan Quds Razavi in the Afshari period? To answer this question this study was performed that in the Afsharid period, chaos and widespread social insecurity Provided on the one hand caused the confiscation of the property of Sarkar Feyz Asar by the claimants of the monarchy and on the other hand caused the help of different classes of society even rulers in the form of pilgrimage, residence, burial and civil works. The present study used the method of historical research and the method of collecting library data from historical sources after describing and classifying the various aspects of the Astan Quds Razavi status to analyze and interprets these features and its various socio-political effects.

 Nannorrhops baluchestanica Khodash is a recently introduced shrubby species belonging to the family Arecaceae, distributed in Southeast Iran.

 The antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of this endemic plant were studied.

 The seeds and fruits of N. baluchestanica were collected from a natural population in Shark village, and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity of their hydroethanolic extracts was evaluated to determine potential antioxidant properties. In addition, inhibitory, bactericidal, and fungicidal effects of seed and fruit hydroalcoholic extracts were studied against a variety of pathogens, including three fungal strains (Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans), three Gram-negative (klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli), and three Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes) via broth microdilution and streak plate methods.

 The IC50 values of 26.20 and 33.90 µg.mL-1 were calculated for the fruit and seed extracts, respectively, using vitamin E with IC50 of 10.40 as standard. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values ranged from 128 to 2048 μg.mL-1. The fruit extract inhibited the growth of all microbial strains except for B. cereus and S. epidermidis, while P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum were the only strains inhibited by the seed extract. In agreement with antioxidant properties, more broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects were observed in the fruit extract.

 Excellent antioxidant capacities of N. baluchestanica extracts indicate their great potential for treatment or prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases, but only slight effectiveness against infectious agents was observed.

 Trauma to the head and the resulting deaths are one of the major health problems in the world. Traffic accidents are the main reason for these traumas in motorcyclists though wearing a helmet can reduce the damage to a great degree. This study aimed to determine the "injured" motorcyclists’ attitudes about helmets based on the health belief model.

 This is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study injured motorcyclists who were hospitalized in Shahid Rajaee hospital, Shiraz, were included in the study. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire called “Awareness & Attitude Associated with Motorcycle Traffic Safety”. Independent t-test and One-way ANOVA were used to compare the factors affecting attitude and awareness based on the factors in the demographic information form. The significance level was considered (P< 0.05).

In this study, 253 participants had a mean age of 30.47± 0.4years. The results of this study showed that in this study 37.5% of the participants were self-employed and 30%, were employees. Moreover, 53.4% had high school education, while 1.2% were illiterate. 50.6% reported it as their first motorcycle accident. Most of the injured patients were vehicle riders70% and 20% of them reported drug abuse. However, none of the factors, including vehicle riders, certification, accident frequency, drug abuse, education, and employment status had a significant effect on the participants' attitudes.

 The results of this study showed that the overall mean scores of the health belief model in the participants were not in favorable level; it was revealed that none of the factors of being a rider, having or not having a certificate, frequency of accidents, drug use,  level of education,  and employment  status  significantly  influenced  the  participants’  knowledge  and  attitude.  In other words, the patients' attitudes toward helmets were deemed unfavorable.

Blood loss of postoperative after prostate surgery could be related with an increase in urinary fibrinolytic activity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is both a potent inhibitor of plasminogen and urokinase activators and a low molecular weight substance that is excreted unchanged in the urinary tract and can be administered both orally and intravenously. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness TXA administration in reducing bleeding in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients who underwent open prostatectomy.

This double‑blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with BPH who underwent open prostatectomy. The first group received TXA (1 gr IV from during surgery to 48 h after surgery, 3 times/day). Twenty‑four hours after surgery, the two groups were compared in terms of bleeding rate. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and platelet (Plt) counts were also assessed before and after the intervention.

Intervention and control groups were comparable in terms of basic and baseline values of variables at the beginning of the study (P > 0.05). The mean bleeding volume in TXA group was significantly lower than the control group 112.11 ± 53.5 and 190.00 ± 97.5 CC; P ≤ 0.001). Mean hospitalization (3.28±0.46 vs. 4.38 ± 0.95 days P < 0.001) and surgery duration (98.11 ± 37.11 vs. 128.00 ± 39.12 h; P = 0.001) were significantly lower in TXA group compared to control intervention.

According to the findings of the current study, the administration of TXA led to reduce bleeding in BPH patients who underwent open prostatectomy. Furthermore, the mean Hb, HCT, levels were significantly affected by TXA. TXA treatment approach also can reduce the surgery and hospitalization time effectively. TXA approach is recommended as effective procedure in BPH patients who underwent open prostatectomy.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can help to predict the chemotherapy response in breast cancer with promising results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between the miR-199a, miR-663a, and miR-663b expression and chemotherapy response in metastatic breast cancer patients. This study is a case-control study performed at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences (2018-2021). The expression levels of miR-663a, miR-663b, and miR-199a in the serum of 25 patients with metastatic breast cancer versus 15 healthy individuals were determined by the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The response to treatment was followed up in a 24-month period. All patients were treated with second-line medications. Two or more combinations of these drugs were used: gemcitabine, Navelbine®, Diphereline®, Xeloda®, letrozole, Aromasin®, and Zolena®. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 21.0 and GraphPad Prism 6 software. The expression levels were presented as mean±SD and analyzed by Student’s t test. The results and clinicopathological features of patients were analyzed by t test. The statistical analysis showed that miR-663a expression was related to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and was significantly lower in the HER2+ than HER2- group (P=0.027). Moreover, the expression of miR-199a and miR-663b was significantly correlated with the response to treatment, in which the expression of miR-199a was higher in the poor-response group (P=0.049), while the higher expression of miR-663b was seen in the good-response group (P=0.009). These findings state that the high plasma level of miR-199a and the low plasma level of miR-663b may be related to chemoresistance in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially immune cell compartments, in tumor progression is inevitable and the heterogeneity and complexity of the TME-associated immune cells make it challenging to provide appropriate treatments for hematologic malignancies.

Euphorbia serpens Kunth (Euphorbiaceae) is an exotic annual plant species native to South America but is regarded as a pantropical weed. In this paper, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic, methanolic, dichloromethane, and petroleum ether extracts of shoots and roots of Euphorbia serpens were assessed in vitro. The plant materials were collected from Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan in June 2022. The Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric instructions were followed to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts, respectively. The methanolic extract of aerial parts contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds (59.205 mg GAE/g), while the lowest content of phenols was found in the dichloromethane extract of roots (29.794 mg GAE/g). Also, the greatest amount of flavonoids was recorded for methanol extracts of aerial parts (34 mg RE/g), whereas the ethanol extract of roots contained the lowest amount of flavonoids (1.204 mg q/g). The aerial parts of Euphorbia serpens, in general, contain higher amounts of polyphenols as compared with the underground parts. The results also showed that phenolic and flavonoid contents vary significantly with the employed solvent. It can be concluded that the aerial parts of Euphorbia serpens are rich sources of polyphenolic compounds, signaling their potential for high antioxidant activity and nutritional and pharmaceutical importance.

Euphorbia serpens (Euphorbiaceae) is an annual species native to South America and widely distributed as a weed in pantropical regions. It has attracted attention from academic researchers due to its diverse pharmacological properties. In this study, in vitro antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of various extracts of the roots, and shoots of Euphorbia serpens were investigated using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and disc diffusion method, respectively. Antibacterial activity was tested on three Gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis subsp. Spizizenii, and Enterococcus faecalis) and three Gram-negative (Shigella flexneri, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhi) bacteria. The antifungal effect was also examined on three fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and Fusarium oxysporum). Ethanolic shoots extract showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. The best antioxidant activities were also observed with alcoholic shoot extracts. It is concluded that the shoot of Euphorbia serpens is a rich source of bioactive compounds especially if they were extracted by alcohols. They are efficient candidates to treat oxidative stress-related diseases.

Stocksia brahuica Benth. (Sapindaceae) is an invaluable shrubby plant distributed in Iran, Afghanistan, and Balochistan region of Pakistan. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of leaf, fruit, and seed extracts of S. brahuica were screened.

Plant materials were collected in September 2021 from Zahedan, southeast of Iran. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total antioxidant capacity were assessed spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and DPPH free radical scavenging methods, respectively. The effectiveness of crude hydroethanolic extracts of the leaf, fruit, and seed of Stocksia brahuica were also assayed against four gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli) and two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes) as well as two fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans).

The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed to vary from 136.7 to 263.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 26.6 to 104.8 mg quercetin equivalents/g of powdered dry weight. The highest amounts of phenolic and flavonoid content were detected in leaves. Good antioxidant activities were observed with leaves followed by fruits and seeds. Based on our antimicrobial experiments, some plant organs were successful in blocking the growth of tested pathogenic strains.

As a result, natural products derived from this plant can make a significant contribution to the development of the nutritional and pharmaceutical industries.

Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors accounts for about 3%-15% of the mediastinal malignancies. Nonseminomatous tumors make a small percentage of germ cell tumors. Treatment of mediastinal choriocarcinoma includes initial systemic chemotherapy, followed by complete resection of all residual tumors. However, patients with nonseminomatous tumors have very poor prognosis.

Research shows that the behavior and performance of employees in organizations is due to the behavior of managers in organizations. Although transformational leadership and excellence are among the most important variables in the literature of organizations, there is still little information about these two variables and the factors that affect and are affected by it. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of transformational leadership on organizational commitment, satisfaction and justice, as well as the impact of these factors on excellence. In this study a cross-sectional study conducted based on a questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 141 people who are Staff of Esfahan Steel. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by expert’s opinion and the construct validity was confirmed by factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. According to the research findings, Transformational leadership has a significant effect on Job Satisfaction (β = 0.86), Organizational Justice (β = 0.81), and Organizational Commitment (β = 0.98). Job Satisfaction (β = 0.23), Organizational Justice (β = 0. 52) and Organizational Commitment (β = 0.17) also have a significant effect on Organizational Excellence

Five epigenetic regulator mutations are considered in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) that have prognostic and therapeutic values.

We aimed to evaluate these mutations in MPNs among the Iranian population

We selected 5 mutations in 4 epigenetic regulatory genes [TET2, DNMT3A, IDH1 (rs147001633& rs121913499), and JAK2)] and evaluated 130 patients with MPNs including 78 Philadelphia chromo - some negative (49 ETs, 20 PVs, and 9 PMFs) and 52 Philadelphia chromosome-positive patients as well as 51 healthy controls.

Eight patients (6.5%) carried the DNMT3A mutation, 35 (27%) were positive for TET2 mutation and 64 (49.3%) had the JAK2V617F mutation. In the healthy controls, 16 (31.4%) cases had the TET2 mutation (15 Heterozygote + 1 Homozygote) and one had heterozygote JAK2 mutation. There was no statistically significant difference between patient groups for any of these mutations, except for JAK2. The JAK2 mutation rate was 18 (90%), 25 (51%), 7 (77.8%), 14 (26.9%) in polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, and chronic myelocytic leukemia, respectively. Patients aged 60 and older were more likely to carry the TET2 mutation (23% vs. 39% in younger and older than 60 years old individuals, p=0.025). IDH1 was not detected at all and PV had the highest TET2 mutation 7(35%). Two PMF patients had a history of bone marrow transplantation that were negative for IDH1and DNMT3A and one was positive for TET2 mutation.

In the normal Iranian population, the heterozygote form of TET2 mutation is significant, es- pecially in the elderly. No association was found between JAK2 and TET2 mutations. Both of them are more prevalent in the age group of 60 years and older. DNMT3A mutation has a low prevalence and oc - curs in both positive and negative MPNs.

The prevalence of allergic diseases has been on the rise during the past decades. Epidemiological studies have shown that extensive exposure to bio-aerosols causes adverse health effects such as respiratory disorders, allergic reactions and infections. Aeroallergens are allergic airborne particles that disperse from environmental sources over great distances by air currents and ultimately are inhaled by, ingested by, or come into contact with individuals who have had no previous contact with the allergenic agent. The most important bioaerosols in Iran are pollen grains, molds, house dust mites, and animal dander causing lots of allergic reactions in the country every year. Geographical variation is an important role in the prevalence of allergic diseases, most likely due to different environmental factors. Therefore, identifying geographical and seasonal distribution of allergens not only enables us to warn patients to avoid them but also contributes significantly in the diagnosis, prevention and management of the progress of allergic disorders and provides the possibility of performing immunotherapy. The results of this survey about the most common aeroallergens in different geographic areas of Iran may provide proper prevention activities and therefore reduce treatment costs for allergic patients.

The neglect of the artillery unit at the end of the Safavid dynasty led to the weakness of its operational function to the extent that the Iranian artillerymen did not have much skill and experience in the process of launching cannons and aiming. The expansion and the complexity of Nader Shah's conflicts with internal and external enemies made him to make his increasing efforts to form and strengthen the artillery unit. This research thus aimed to throw light on the function of the artillery unit of Nader Shah Afshar. This study found that the artillery of the Afshar ruler gradually improved significantly in many respects such as equipment, recruitment and training of artillerymen and the promotion of commanders' positions. As a result, artillery was the most important operational unit of the army on the battlefields especially during sea battles or the siege of strategic forts. The present historical study collected library data from historical sources after describing and classifying the various aspects of Nader Shah Afshar artillery to analyze and interpret these features and its different effects.

The objective and subjective aspects are very important in Sufism. For this reason, the condition of Sufis and religious leaders especially those who were considered as perfect morshed (guides) in the state of awakening, sleep and ecstasy was a decisive argument for their followers. A clear example is the founder of the Safavid sect, Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili whose actions as a complete morshed were legitimizing for his followers and descendants until the Safavid period. The miracles of Sheikh Safi al-Din were very famous during his lifetime. With his death, his miracles continued in the form of dreams that the disciples observed in times of crisis and pressure from the enemies of the Safavid sect. On this basis, the question arises that what was the spiritual connection of the kings of the first period of the Safavid dynasty with Sheikh Safi al-Din? In the mentioned period, the inheritance title of the complete master of the Safavid sect by the kings and the special qualities and virtues that usually crystallized in the form of ecstatic inspirations during the pilgrimage to the shrine of Sheikh Safi al-Din and also sincere dreams is the most important reason for continuing status and legitimacy of Sheikh Safi al-Din. The safavid kings by using the above-mentioned inspirations and virtues as the perfect morshed of the Safavid sect succeeded in gaining the obedience, solidarity and support of the followers (Sufis and Ghezelbashs) to carry out political-military actions. Due to the need to conduct research on social and cultural history to better understand the current society, so far no comprehensive research has been written based on the inductive method for genealogy of political-military relations between Safavid kings and followers of Safavid sect. for Understanding the internal relations between different groups of the sect based on the miracles and inspirations inspired by Sheikh Safi al-Din, including the sincere personal dreams of the kings leads to a more accurate understanding of the political relations between the members of the sect and the Safavid ruler and how to Consolidation the power of kings In times of crisis especially foreign wars. As it was stated, the legitimation of Sheikh Safi al-Din in the Safavid period was done under the title of the sect complete morshed and the characteristics and virtues derived from it. In the following, the main topics of research will be discussed under the topics of Safavid kings and the position of sect perfect leader, the Refuge of political-military personalities in the tomb of Sheikh Safi-al-Din, guidance and fear of Sheikh Safi-al-Din in the form of dreams and ecstasy.

The present study uses the method of historical research, the method of collecting library data from historical sources after describing and classifying the characteristics of Sheikh Safi al-Din, including his true dreams, to analyze and interpret these characteristics and its impact on the consolidation of the political and military status of the mentionded period.

The position of Morshed inherited from Sheikh Safi al-Din caused the Safavid kings to expect complete obedience from the Sufis and Ghezelbashs in the face of internal and external enemies. The Safavid kings blamed disobedience to their orders as un-Sufism in order to give effective order to the military. For example: Shah Ismail I issued a decree for asking the Ghezelbashs to select 2,000 young men from the military to face the enemy and whoever moved away from them would be the enemy of Sheikh Safi and un-sufi; As a result of this threat, the Ghezelbashs all stood still and did not move. (alam-aray of Shah Ismail, 2005: 204) The Ghezelbashs tribal structure and their rivalry with each other led to political conspiracies and revolts during the period of weak government which was finally severely suppressed with the beginning of the Shah Abbas I reign but created a great rift between the Ghezelbash tribes and the Safavid king. Nevertheless, Shah Abbas I tried to Reform by using the full morshed title due to widespread disputes with the Ottoman government. One of the signs of the rupture of the Murad-Muridi bond of the Safavid kings was the symbolic movements of Shah Abbas I in order to persuade the Ghezelbashs to obey and discipline the military. For example, Shahverdi Khan, the ruler of Qarajeh Dagh whose family was considered an ancient Sufi but he changed his Nationality due to the transfer of the Azerbaijan province to the Ottoman government. For this reason, in 1595, Shah Abbas I, in order to gain the Allegiance of Shahverdi Khan, in a symbolic move, visited the tomb of Sheikh Safi al-Din so that the mentioned Khan would rush to Ardabil to express his obedience. With the disobedience of Shahverdi Khan, the Safavid king called him an un-Sufi and sends Allah verdi Khan to his captive. (Turkman, 2003: 2 / 447- 448) Despite the disobedience of some Ghezelbash leaders to the sect morshed, the sanctity of the Sheikh Safi al-Din shrine was a suitable place to Refuge for political figures. Another feature of the Safavid sect was the growing prosperity and respect of Sheikh Safi al-Din shrine which caused many people and prominent political-military figures to reside or Refuge there. For example: Mohammad Khan Ziad Oghli Qajar, the former ruler of Qarabagh province after fleeing against the Ottoman army preferred to stay in the Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili shrine. He Reappointment to his province reign after Shah Abbas I regained control of Qarabagh. (Hosseini, 1983: 780; Valeh Qazvini, 2005: 321-322)

in the first half of the Safavid government the Safavid sect was a strong socio-political current and naturally the remembrance of Sheikh Safi al-Din was very common. Under the title of the morshed, the kings tried to show their behavior as the sect founder in order to unite their followers, the Sufis and the Ghezelbashs and gaining their obedience. However, the Safavid kings had to take appropriate actions to make the Sheikh Safi al-Din shrine prosperous in order to make credible the Morshed position. One of their most important strategies was to bury members of the royal family or allow personalities to refuge in shrine but their most important strategy was to take advantage of the fame of Sheikh Safi al-Din's sincere dreams. Sheikh Safi al-Din's sincere dreams of supporting his family members in times of crisis and military conflict continued indirectly during the Safavid dynasty. Continuity that was crystallized in the form of the ecstatic confidence and belief of the kings during the supplication in the Sheikh Safi al-Din shrine or during the political-military successes that provided the pilgrimage prosperity to the shrine. In addition, the Safavid kings with following Sheikh Safi al-Din claimed to have many sincere dreams especially a military nature. On the one hand, the important feature of the sincere dreams of Sheikh Safi al-Din and the Safavid kings had important position in order to attract obedience or to mobilize Sufis and Ghezelbashs to face the invasions of neighboring countries especially the Ottoman government and on the other hand, Led to their presence and consolidation in important positions such as the trusteeship of the Sheikh Safi al-Din shrine and also in the struggles to replace the various claimants to the monarchy which always caused the Safavid kings fear of their growing power. However, with the conclusion of the Qasr Shirin peace treaty between the Safavid and Ottoman governments were significantly reduced the importance and status of the morshed title, the mentioned virtues and dreams as well as the national and military status of the Sufis and Ghezelbashs. The structure of the crystallized miracles in the studied dreams is determined in the form of the character of a wise old man who threatens the enemies and advises and guides the dreamers. The characters of these dreams usually included Sheikh Safi al-Din and the Shiite Imams Especially Imam Ali. There was widespread agreement among Sufis and Shiites about the guiding role of Imam Ali which made the fulfillment of these dreams convincing for the sect followers.

Anonymity is one of the fundamentals of privacy in the internet that should be strictly considered by governments and ISPs. Network traffic flow detection, is considered as detecting the nature of this traffic; Thus, if the traffic of an anonymizer is detected, it means that classified data is being transmitting throw the network, which in return is a great flaw in the anonymity system. Traffic classification - which has various applications - is one of the most powerful methods in datamining. Traffic management via detecting network traffic flow, is viewed as one of these applications. In this research, by using datamining techniques, in the first step the detection rate of Pars Anonymizer (as a domestic anonymizer) is assessed in compare with The Onion Router, Invisible Internet Project, JonDo and HTTPS Traffic, and at the next step, in a more detailed way, the classification rate of four different services in the desired anonymizer was studied. Results suggest that the classification accuracy rate of these experiments at the first step is 100% and at the next step -with the use of Random Forest algorithm- is 95%. In addition, by evaluating the used specifications in every experiment, the effectiveness of these specifications on the overall accuracy and the model build time was assessed.