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Ameloblastic fibro‑odontoma (AFO) is a rare, slow‑growing neoplastic lesion classified as a benign, epithelial odontogenic mesenchymal tumor. This tumor exhibits histological features characteristic of both ameloblastic fibromas and complex odontomas. The clinical manifestation of AFO is typically characterized by the asymptomatic enlargement of the jawbones. Radiographically, it presents as a distinct radiolucent region, indicating the presence of radiopaque substances with varying degrees of irregularities in size and morphology. Standard therapeutic intervention involves enucleation. Despite its benign nature, AFO can cause significant morbidity if left untreated. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes. The present study described the case (clinical presentation and management) of a 10‑year‑old male patient with an AFO lesion located in the posterior mandible. This particular case was treated with conservative measures involving surgical enucleation along with the extraction of the impacted tooth and the curettage of residual bone.

Shift work is a job stressor. Health service is one of the centers where shift work is an integral part, and the level of job commitment in staff has a significant impact on service delivery. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between shift work and job commitment, and the mediating role of work -life balance among emergency medical personnel of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 1400 .

This was a correlational study. The statistical community included emergency medical personnel of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, and the statistical sample was selected by stratified random sampling method. The research tool consisted of 3 questionnaires: a: survey of shift workers (SOS) (@ = 0.8), b: job commitment (@ = 0.9), and c: work -life balance (WLB) (@ = 0.9). Findings were analyzed using spss21 software (p ≤ 0.05).

The level of work -life balance in these personnel was very desirable. The job score was slightly higher than average. The score of the work shift status questionnaire was lower than the average. In almost all cases, there was a positive and significant correlation between shift scores and work -life balance. There was no significant correlation between job commitment score and work -life balance in all cases. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between shift score and job commitment.

There is a correlation between shift work and work commitment and the mediating correlation of work -life balance (workplace support component). The adjustment of personnel shift work should be seriously considered by managers and of health organizations in particular and policymakers of the health system in general need to address this correlation .

Shift work is a job stressor. Health service is one of the centers where shift work is an integral part, and the level of job commitment in staff has a significant impact on service delivery. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between shift work and job commitment, and the mediating role of work-life balance among emergency medical personnel of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 1400.

This was a correlational study. The statistical community included emergency medical personnel of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, and the statistical sample was selected by stratified random sampling method. The research tool consisted of 3 questionnaires: a: survey of shift workers (SOS) (@ = 0.8), b: job commitment (@ = 0.9), and c: work-life balance (WLB) (@ = 0.9).  Findings were analyzed using spss21 software (p ≤ 0.05).

The level of work-life balance in these personnel was very desirable. The job score was slightly higher than average. The score of the work shift status questionnaire was lower than the average. In almost all cases, there was a positive and significant correlation between shift scores and work-life balance. There was no significant correlation between job commitment score and work-life balance in all cases. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between shift score and job commitment.

There is a correlation between shift work and work commitment and the mediating correlation of work-life balance (workplace support component). The adjustment of personnel shift work should be seriously considered by managers and of health organizations in particular and policymakers of the health system in general need to address this correlation.

Systematic review of various planning programs at micro and macro levels can contribute to integrated development. Educational-cultural indicators have a special place in the environmental planning program that in order to be productive of these indicators, we must first recognize the current situation and analyze their pattern. The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational-cultural indicators of Fars province based on the environmental management framework. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on organizational data in the field of education and culture. The analysis was performed in Excel and Arc GIS software. For analysis, the statistics of 1390 and 1399 have been used to compare and review the indicators. In this study, 31 Counties were surveyed. The result shows that the research index in Fars province from 1390 to 1399 has had a decreasing trend. The deprivation rate of the province in comparison with 1390 and 1399 is equal to -0.234 negative. Also, the trend of poverty rate from 1390 to 1399 has been an increasing trend. The highest poverty rate was related to Kazerun County with 11.14 percent. There is no relationship between the number of graduates and the number of educated people with jobs. In addition, the study of per capita educational use rate index shows that the highest per capita educational use rate is related to Darab County with 72.4% and the lowest is related to Abadeh Tashk County with 0.02%. The result of spatial analysis of educational-cultural indicators in the Counties of Fars province with Moran algorithm showed that the value of this index was -0.026471 negative. According to the p-value, educational-cultural indicators in the cities of Fars province follow a random spatial pattern.

Holy Defense is a turning point in the history of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, which has reached victory under the influence of various cultural, social, political, and administrative factors. The purpose of this article is to provide a model of cultural and social factors of holy defense. The research method was thematic analysis. Three types of descriptive, interpretive and integration coding were used for data analysis. The codes were finally validated through homogeneity matching in the data. According to the findings, the most important social factors of holy defense include: unity and solidarity, brotherhood and brotherhood, the role of Imam Rah, presence on the stage, patriotism, mobilization of different classes and social forces, honor and pride, enjoining what is good and forbidding what is bad. The presence of women, the presence of the elderly, the presence of young people, the presence of clergymen, the role of collegians, the role of educators, ethnic groups, workers, models and revolutionary institutions, and cultural factors included: faith and trust, stewardship, resilience, sacrifice, sincerity, revolutionary spirit, jihadi spirit, insight, symbols, propaganda and art. The research results can be used for the propaganda and cultural centers of the armed forces.

Considering the importance of the political mobilization of the bazaar in the 1957 revolution based on the unquestionable support that it provided in areas such as the construction of mosques and takayas and financing of the clergy, the purpose of the upcoming research is to investigate the action of the bazaar and the bazaar people as an influential social force during the Islamic revolution with a descriptive-explanatory method. and tries to answer the question that what role did the political mobilization of the traditional market play in the process of collective action in the 1957 Iranian Islamic Revolution? In response to this question, based on Charles Tilly's theory of collective action, the role of the market's logistical, defensive and offensive political mobilization on the revolution of 1957 is discussed, and according to the findings of the research, considering the role of the market in logistical mobilization in areas such as the construction of mosques and takaya and The financing of the clergy was discussed, and also in the offensive mobilization of the bazaar by examining the presence of the bazaar in political organizations such as the Islamic Federation and in the defensive mobilization in the joining of the bazaars to the nationwide strikes to support the 1957 revolution, the role of the bazaar in this revolution is discussed.

One of the most important branches of biography is autobiography. This literary genre is a self-written biography of the external and internal aspects of life. Iranians" attention to this type of literature begins in earnest from the Qajar period. This literary genre has the ability to reflect the socio-political and literary issues of a particular period. One of the first examples in the political arena of Iran, namely the autobiography of Amin al-Dawla, is one of the famous men of the Qajar period. This research has been done with the aim of introducing and analyzing the stylistics of Amin al-Dawla"s autobiography.

This research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner.

The findings of the research show that at the linguistic and literary level, "Amin al-Dawla" has used various linguistic and literary tools to express her meaning, the most important of which is the combination of Persian phrases with verses, Arabic proverbs, Coming from the language of humor in various forms such as metaphors of comprehension, elaboration, etc. In terms of content, the author has lengthened and marginalized the representation of issues related to the court and its events, and on the other hand, the basic problems and troubles of ordinary people in society have little place in this work.

Amin al-Dawla"s memoirs are writings that he wrote as a document proving his innocence from political currents. Such biographies cannot inherently adhere to the Covenant of Autobiography, ie truthfulness; Therefore, it can be said that Amin al-Dawla has acted "selectively" in narrating her actions and ethics and has used linguistic and literary tools and arrangements to convince the audience.

In the present study, the effect of various feeding strategies during 60 days and subsequent re-feeding over the next 60 days was evaluated to achieve the compensatory growth on growth performance and biochemical parameters in great sturgeon Huso huso. For this purpose, two hundred and forty fish with a mean individual weight of 67.10 ± 1.10 g (Mean ± SD) were divided into four feeding strategies groups: satiation feeding (100%), 75% satiation feeding (75%), 50% satiation feeding (50%), and 25% satiation feeding (25%). In the second phase, all groups were fed to satiation. Blood sampling was performed at the end of feeding trial (120 days) to measure biochemical parameters. At the end of first phase, final weight in the satiated group (100%) was higher than the other groups while it decreased with increasing dietary restriction (p < 0.05). Specific growth rate and mean individual weight increased significantly in 75% and 100% satiation feeding compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). At the end of second phase, there was not significant differences in the final individual weight, total length, weight gaine and specific growth rate among treatments (p > 0.05). Hematocrit was affected by dietary strategies and in the treatment with 25% satiation feeding was lower than the other treatments (p <0.05). Total protein and triglyceride in 100 and 75% treatments were higher than the other treatments (p < 0.05). Based on the present study, feeding, at the rates of 75 and 50% satiation and subsequent re-feeding lead to a high growth rate and reducing the feed costs without negative impact on physiological conditions of the great sturgeon fish, and this methods can be considered as an appropriate strategy for culture of this fish.

The expansion of digital resources in the twenty-first century caused the emergence of E-cities hence by training and development of E-citizens many expenses, loss of energy and opportunities can be prevented. The aim of the present study is to investigate the situation of E-citizen and the acceptance of IT among people. The Somple size was determined using Cochran test and Simple random sampling among 383 samples in two regions with regard to the population of each region. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to establish the reliability of the test, obtained result (0.74) showed the good reliability of the questionnaire. For the purpose of the study, descriptive-analytical methar was used based on documental and field studies. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. To analyze the data, the SPSS software and (Pearson and multivariate factor analysis) was used. To investigate the indices of the E-citizen, CSPP was used. The results of the study also showed that there is a significant correlation between information knowledge and acceptance of information technology in Region 1and8 Both regions with the significant level of (sig= 0.000). In the hypothesis of the effect of E-citizen indicators in acceptance of technology components, 20 indicators were presented in Region 1 as a combination of 5 significant factors. The percentage contribution of each factor in technology adoption has been found. The percentage of contribution of each factor is also proven in acceptance of technology. In Region 8, 20 E-citizen indicators were presented in 6 factors. The percentage of contribution of each factor in technology adoption among people of Region 8 were determined

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by reversible airway narrowing, inflammation, airway remodeling and airway hyper-responsiveness. Although current drugs are effective on decreasing the acute symptoms of disease, they are only partially effective on most features of asthma. Rho/Rho-kinase signaling is contributed in many biological processes, including reorganization of the Actin cytoskeleton, contraction, cell migration and proliferation, and inflammation. It seems that these Rho-kinase functions are related to pathophysiological features of asthma including airway hyper-responsiveness, beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitization, remodeling and eosinophil recruitment. Recent studies demonstrated that the inhibition of Rho-kinase reduced contraction, inflammation, and airway remodeling in animal model of asthma. Hence Rho-kinase signaling pathway is recommended as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of asthma. So, as a novel therapeutic target in asthma, this review focuses on Rho kinase and offers compelling evidences on its critical role and its associated signaling on different features of asthma.

Today, one of the most important spaces which has been considered and visited by tourists and has gave many opportunities for tourists, is urban spaces. What makes a city dynamic and attractive, and causes satisfaction among citizens and attracts tourists are history, rich culture, urban visual beauty and landscape which their special appearance is visible in urban symbols and elements clearly. In this study, with respect to the importance of tourism industry in urban sustainable development, the role of urban symbols and elements in attracting tourists, with analytical – descriptive method in an academic context, is investigated. In this regard, questionnaire with a simple random sampling has been used in order to collect data from tourists. Some of the findings of this study indicate that the tourism spaceof Tabriz has been influenced by the historical space of the city. In this regard, there is a strong subjective and cultural relation between visitors and symbols and elements which have been constructed according to the culture of Iranian-Islamic society. Also, the analyses using SPSS and one-way ANOVA and linear regression tests shows that there is a significant relationship between land use surrounding the elements and tourism attraction and also between using information technology for announcement of symbols and elements and urban tourism development. Today, the largest and the most important tourism attractions in each city are ancient, national, religious and culturalbuildingsand symbols. Using urban symbols as a means of conveying meaning has been common in all ages and cultures. Recognition of these symbols and inserting them within the domain of tourism can play an important role in the sustainable development of the cities and also the achievement of different aims of this effective and helpful industry. Since the mid-twentieth century, urban symbols have become one of the most attractive tourism destinations and boosted the tourism industry of related countries. Passing important historical events in Iran, particularly in Tabriz metropolis has allowed architects and artists by designing the various elements anywhere in the city make Tabriz, along with other cities, have more beautiful and various symbols and visual elements in the city which has resulted in attracting tourists to the city. The method of this research is considered as descriptive-analytical. Data has been collected in two ways, namely library and field. In the descriptive section, using papers, reports, researches and related documents, essential information has been provided and the general view of the research scope has been attained. In the analytical part, with respect to the richness of tourist attractions in Tabriz, relying on descriptive studies, objective observations and questionnaire have been used. Alpha coefficient of Cronbach test equals with 0.79 and because it is more than 0.7, we can conclude that the questions regarding this variable have an extremely appropriate validity. Statistical population of this study is the urban tourists of Tabriz in 2013. The sampling method in this research is as cluster sampling accompanied with simple random among members of the statistical population and 100 tourists have been selected as sample. To analyze data and test hypotheses,one way ANOVA test and linear regression tests has been used which have been analyzed using SPSS. Discussion and Based on what was mentioned in different parts of the discussion, there is a strong subjective and cultural relationship between visitors, symbols and elements of Tabriz which have been constructed in proportion to the culture of Islamic-Iranian society. Analyses using SPSS and one way ANOVA and linear regression tests show that there is a significant relationship between the land use surrounding the elements, symbols and tourist attraction. In this regard, it is possible to refer to significant relationship between theannouncement of symbols, elements and urban tourism development and also insignificant relationship between physical components of elements and tourist attraction. According to experts, urban tourism provides a great cultural, social and economic opportunity for metropolises which plays very effective role in improving the quality of life of citizens in different dimensions. In this regard, creating tourism outlines can be used as one of the methods of revitalizing the urban spaces and tourist attractions. Tourism outlines, in the case of having mentioned values ​​and characteristics, can change their surrounding context. One of these particular spaces is symbols, elements and persistent signs which have been created over many years in the form of buildings, monuments and public passages. With respect to the capability of Tabriz metropolis, with its ancient history in this aspect and its strategic location as well as the increase of urban tourists of Tabriz in recent years, the role of urban symbols and elements in attracting touristswas investigatedin an academic context. According to the discussions, it is practicable to perceive that each specified symbols in Tabriz can be assessed as a relatively desired state for attracting touristswhich in addition to supplying the tourist demand of citizens, are responder for domestic and foreign visitors.

Behavioral science experts believe that all entities capable of stimulating a person can be addictive; and whenever a habit changes into an obligation, it can be considered as an addiction. Researchers also believe that there are a number of similarities as well as some differences between drug addiction and behavioral addiction diagnostic symptoms. The purpose of this study is to consider different approaches in this field. This is a descriptive research using content analysis method. First, differences and similarities of various perspectives on addiction and addiction behavior in different substances were obtained, thereafter, the data was coded and categorized, subjects were discussed and major issues were extracted. Behavioral addiction such as internet addiction is similar to drug addiction except that in the former, the individual is not addicted to a substance but the behavior or the feeling brought about by the relevant action. In addition, the physical signs of drug addiction, are absent in behavioral addiction. Others have stated that behaviorally addicted individuals have certain symptoms and will undergo the same consequences brought about by addiction to alcohol and drugs as well as other obsessive behaviors. Similar to substance abuse prevention, programs aimed at addicted individuals and specialized training can educate adolescents about the warning signs of online addiction, in order to assist the early detection of this disorder. For prevention of behavioral addiction (such as internet addiction) authorities, cultural institutions and parents should monitor the use of internet and teach to the adolescent and children, the useful and appropriate methods of internet use.

This study aimed to investigate the impact ofinternet addiction on some psychiatric symptoms among universitystudents. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 250students selected via quota sampling from universities in Isfahan,Iran. Participants completed demographic questionnaire, YoungDiagnostic Questionnaire, Internet Addiction Test and SymptomChecklist‑90‑Revision (SCL‑90‑R). Finally, the means of psychiatricsymptoms of internet addicted and non‑addicted subjects werecompared. Also, t‑test and multivariate analysis of covariance wereused through SPSS16 software for data analysis. The mean±standard deviation (SD) of psychiatric symptomssuch as somatization, obsessive–compulsive disorder, interpersonalsensitivity, depression, anxiety, aggression (hostility), phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation and psychoticism in the addicted group were11.27 ± 6.66, 14.05 ± 7.91, 10.5 ± 6.20, 15.61 ± 8.88, 10.77 ± 5.52,6.77 ± 4.88, 6.05 ± 4.47, 7.61 ± 4.28, and 9.66 ± 6.87, respectively, andin the non‑addicted group were 6.99 ± 6.42, 7.49 ± 5.23, 5.46 ± 4.95,9.27 ± 7.92, 6.35 ± 6.69, 3.57 ± 3.35, 2.41 ± 2.79, 5.47 ± 4.1, and5.29 ± 4.95, respectively. There were significant differences betweenthe means of psychiatric symptoms in all SCL‑90‑R subscales andGlobal Severity Index, Positive Symptom Distress Index, PositiveSymptom Total in the addicted and non‑addicted individuals (P<0.05).Also, internet addiction (with controlling sex variable) seemed to affectpsychiatric symptoms. Psychiatrists and psychologists involved in the fieldof mental health need to be well informed about mental problemsdue to internet addiction, such as anxiety, depression, aggression,and job and educational dissatisfaction.

Internet occupies a large part of youth's life and each year more reports are published a bout Internet addiction disorder (IAD).This study argues the validity and reliability of Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) correspondence Iranian society and culture. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical research. For these purpose 400 students of Isfahan universities were subjected. Sampling method was quota sampling. Cases completed demographic questionnaire, Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) and YDQ (Young Diagnostic Questionnaire). Finally we performed a psychiatric interview (based on DSM-IV-TR) for all of the samples. For data analysis we used face, discriminative and concurrent validity, Chronbach α, split half, test-retest and ROC Curve by SPSS-14 Software. Concurrent validity was (r=0.78, 0.81), discriminative validity was (r=0.62). Besides YDQ shows internal consistency (α=0.70), split-half validity(r=0.64), test –retest reliability (r=0.74, p<0.01). The best cut off point for this questionnaire is number 4. The result showed that Persian version of YDQ is valid and reliable. Considering lack of a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring addiction to the internet, YDQ could be a suitable tool for measuring internet addiction in future research.

Internet addiction disorder is an interdisciplinary phenomenon and it has been studied from different viewpoints in terms of various sciences such as medicine, computer, sociology, law, ethics, and psychology. The aim of this study was to determine the association of psychiatric symptoms with Internet addiction while controlling for the effects of age, gender, marital status, and educational levels. It is hypothesized, that high levels of Internet addiction are associated with psychiatric symptoms and are specially correlated with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. In a cross-sectional study, a total number of 250 students from Isfahan’s universities were randomly selected. Subjects completed the demographic questionnaire, the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R). Data was analyzed using the multiple logistic regression method. There was an association between psychiatric symptoms such as somatization, sensitivity, depression, anxiety, aggression, phobias, and psychosis with exception of paranoia; and diagnosis of Internet addiction controlling for age, sex, education level, marital status, and type of universities. A great percentage of youths in the population suffer from the adverse effects of Internet addiction. It is necessary for psychiatrists and psychologists to be aware of the mental problems caused by Internet addiction.

Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) is a newest and prestigious questionnaire in the diagnosis of internet addiction. The goals of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity (psychometric properties) of Persian version of CIUS in internet users of Isfahan's universities. In this descriptive and Cross- sectional research 400 Isfahan university students were enrolled by quota sampling method. Studied population completed demographic questionnaire, Persian version ofCIUS, Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ).Finally, to determine the cut off point, all studied subjects were interviewed clinically based on diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction (DSM- IV- TR). After collecting and scoring the questionnaires, the psychometric features of the questionnaire analyzed using factor analysis, discriminative validity, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), split half, and ROC Curve by SPSS15 Software. Factor analysis revealed three factors for CIUS. It has good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89), split half (r = 0.89), discriminative validity (r = 0.68) and concurrent validity (0.78,0.81).The best cut off point for this questionnaire (CIUS) was 37. CIUS has acceptable psychometric properties and this is a valid and reliable instrument that may be used in research on Internet addiction.