mehdi mohammadi

Iran's education system should effectively serve the developmental goals of all sectors of the country. Since the goals of agricultural sector development are influenced by both endogenous and exogenous factors, and because the primary core of this development is the empowerment of human resources, the role of students' knowledge acquisition can be examined to ensure the presence of quality individuals and efficient institutions in agricultural development. The main goal of this research is to design a framework for agricultural literacy needed by primary school students. This qualitative study was conducted using the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso. The meta-synthesis team consisted of two experts in curriculum planning, one expert in elementary education, one expert in agriculture, and one expert in the meta-synthesis research method. Twenty-seven relevant research sources formed the basis of the analysis, resulting in the extraction of five themes: agricultural knowledge, agricultural skills, beliefs and attitudes related to agriculture, social responsibility, and environmental protection. The validity of the data was confirmed using techniques such as credibility, transferability, and data alignment, and the trustworthiness of the data was ensured through precise guidance of the data collection process and alignment among the researchers. The findings indicated that agricultural literacy includes programs to promote the understanding and knowledge necessary for analysis, synthesis, and communication. Therefore, basic information about agriculture and related programs contributes to a better understanding of agriculture's impact on society and should be considered as a driving force in the curriculum.

The aim of the present study was to identify and evaluate the effective factors on organizational soft skills training in industry based on the Halton model. This study was quantitative with regard to purpose, and it was applied and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study included all trained employees, of which 232 people were selected as research samples using purposive and available sampling who were engaged in different positions in Jam Petrochemical Company. The research tool included the Learning Transfer Questionnaire (Waller, 2012), for which validity and reliability was confirmed using item analysis and Cronbach's alpha methods. The questionnaire was distributed among the individuals and the collected data were analyzed with one-sample t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS 21 software. The results of the study indicated that: 1- for comparing the average importance of individual factors affecting the lack of transfer of learning with the standard average, employees of Jam Petrochemical Company, respectively, considered the lack of positive individual results of transferring learning to the workplace, and the failure to fulfill their expectations of performance outcomes as the most important factors affecting their unwillingness to transfer learning to the real work environment. In the same vein, other factors did not show any significant effects on their unwillingness; 2- for comparing the average importance of educational factors affecting the lack of transfer of learning with the standard average, employees of Jam Petrochemical Company did not evaluate the validity of the content and the transfer plan as important factors in the lack of transfer of their learning from soft skills training courses to the workplace; 3- for comparing the average importance of organizational factors affecting the lack of transfer of learning with the standard average, employees of Jam Petrochemical Company considered the importance of lack of support from colleagues, lack of support from supervisors, and the opportunity to apply their learning in the real environment as factors affecting their unwillingness to transfer their learning to the real work environment; However, other factors did not have a significant effect on their unwillingness; 4- there is no significant difference between the importance of the three factors of individual, educational, and organizational in the failure to transfer the learnings of soft skills training courses to the workplace.

Character and characterization are two main and influential elements in stories and novels. Without this important element, a story cannot be formed. In fact, character and characterization constitute the main body of any story; in such a way that the writer achieves the creation of lasting characters through creativity, skill, coherent design, and instilling the desired actions and behavior in the characters. The novel "The Prophet Without Miracles" by Mohammad Ali Rukni is a novel in which the main character, after going through a path and journey, both objective and personal, and ultimately reaching a new perception, returns to the people; a behavior that is not possible in the corners of rooms and requires cutting off all the boasting. The present study, using an analytical-descriptive approach, seeks to examine the characterization in this novel. "The Prophet Without Miracles" tells the story of a missionary journey of a cleric, who happens to be accompanied by his wife, to a remote area. The couple in the story get caught by evildoers halfway through the journey, and this catch is the beginning of a thrilling adventure. The results show that this novel is one of the novels of character; because its story revolves around the main character. Also, most of its main characters have dynamic personalities, and at the end of the story, each of them undergoes some kind of internal change and transformation.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic inflicted a considerable burden on health systems and individuals worldwide. Thus, scientists intended to propose beneficial treatments and vaccines to fight against this virus. However, vaccination remained the only effective way to reduce death and hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection. To date, about five proposed COVID-19 vaccines have been approved as WHO emergency use listings (EUL). Yet, their safety profile needs the following actions to be revealed: (1) more follow-up registry systems and (2) global clinical trials in various countries in a period that they are experiencing a peak. By searching keywords 'COVID-19' and 'vaccination' in PubMed and Scopus databases, we aimed to summarize the current evidence in the literature regarding the safety profile (i.e., local and systemic adverse events) of ten COVID-19 vaccines: (1) Pfizer/BioNTech, (2) Moderna, (3) Sputnik V, (4) Bharat, (5) CanSino, (6) Sinovac, (7) AstraZeneca, (8) Johnson & Johnson, (9) Novavax, and (10) Sinopharm. Moreover, we demonstrated the data on the safety of heterologous schedules of these vaccines alongside further considerations in people with comorbidities and particular circumstances. Most of the COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects possess a mild-to-moderate, self-limiting nature. However, special circumstances such as severe hyper-sensitivity necessitate the use of an alternate COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccination is the only way to exit the global pandemic, and its benefits outweigh its adverse effects. Meanwhile, people should be aware of the signs of the probable rare, severe reactions to the vaccine.

One of the most critical steps in the design process of a rock structure by the limit equilibrium method is to determine the shear strength parameters. Because the prediction of these parameters is always accompanied by uncertainty. In such cases, if the range in which the actual shear strength parameters are located is obtained, the results are more reliable. Hence, in this paper, an applied technique based on probabilistic methods is developed. In the first step, by developing an innovative method for two widely used failure criteria, consist of Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek Brown, statistical samples of shear strength parameters are generated and latter, using the t distribution in which the shear strength parameters are located with confidence 95% are determined separately for the two failure criteria. The available data from the previous research are used for the case study. The results of the case study indicate that the prediction of shear strength parameters with the presented method is more accurate than the conventional methods.

The purpose of this research was to present a cyberbullying prevention model based on the participation of students, schools and parents. The approach of this research was theory-generating Meta-Synthesis, A systematic search of sources in databases was done and according to the exclusion criteria, 67 original articles were selected. First, 66 open codes were first extracted, and then based on similarities, conceptual relationships and common characteristics between the open codes, 17 axial codes included people (such as parents, counselors, etc.) ..), intervention programs (including special programs for students, such as intervention based on martial arts, preventive intervention, etc.), students (such as promoting and increasing empathy, promoting personality development, etc.), capabilities created in others (such as increasing teachers' awareness and increasing the role of parents in supervision, etc.), emotional-psychological consequences ( (such as creating a supportive environment, improving social support, etc.) and social consequences (such as reducing the impact of cyberbullying, reducing victimization in cyberbullying, etc.) were determined, and finally,. cyberbullying prevention model based on the participation of students, schools and parents model developed and the validation of the model findings was done using the reliability and transferability techniques. Based on the available findings, it can be said that in order to empower students against cyberbullying, it is necessary to raise their own awareness and raise awareness and support of parents and teachers, administrators and school counselors, along with the use of special programs and software to prevent and train cyberbullying.

Higher education leaders play an important role in promoting ethics and sustainable development in society, so they are expected to engage in "sustainable ethical leadership". Ethical leadership and sustainable leadership are intertwined concepts that are necessary to achieve success and sustainability. The purpose of the current research was to develop and validate a scale to measure "sustainable ethical leadership" in Iran's higher education system. For this purpose, the theoretical foundations and literature of internal and external researches in the field of ethical leadership and sustainable leadership were examined with a six-step approach of systematic review of the background, and based on that, the competencies, functions and consequences of "sustainable ethical leadership" was extracted and a tool was designed. In the next stage, this tool was implemented among 334 faculty members of Shiraz University and University of Technology who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The content validity of the tool structure was measured using item analysis and first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validation results showed that the "Sustainable Ethical Leadership" scale had a suitable fit. In the variable of "sustainable ethical leadership", competences, functions and consequences with a factor load (0.94), (0.98) and (0.95) were significant explanations of this variable and their validity was confirmed. Other results indicated the validity and reliability of this scale. The sustainable ethical leadership scale can be a valid tool to evaluate the degree of orientation of university managers to ethical dimensions and sustainable development at the same time.

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased with the global increase in the outbreak of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, reaching a 25% prevalence. However, there is currently no effective treatment for this disease apart from lifestyle modification. Furthermore, NAFLD commonly presents without symptoms, hence, leading to potentially severe and irreparable consequences.

This study was based on a systematic review. The search used the keywords “non-alcoholic fatty liver” and “risk factor” across the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. First, the articles were evaluated based on their abstract and then on their full text. The risk factors were extracted from the articles and entered into the Excel form, and then a dataset was provided to the expert panel. The risk factors were investigated, and those related to NAFLD were selected.

The results led to the identification of 180 risk factors in 15 categories. First, the risk factors mentioned in fewer than five articles were removed. Then, the remaining 101 risk factors were presented to the expert panel, of which 39 risk factors related to NAFLD were selected.

In summary, this study shows that NAFLD is caused by various factors such as metabolic syndrome, certain diseases, demographic information, specific surgeries, drug consumption, different foods and beverages, occupation, physical activity status, and socioeconomic status. Recognizing these risk factors enables doctors to make earlier diagnoses, potentially preventing disease progression. Additionally, it is possible to develop treatment strategies aimed at reducing the risk factors of the disease, which could result in fewer patients suffering from NAFLD in the future.

In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of two populations of ornamental fish, Aphanius dispar and A. ginaonis, from the Geno hot springs in Hormozgan and the Mirahmad hot springs and Ben-e Jaberi drainage in Bushehr Province, southern Iran. The haplotype frequencies of the mitochondrial control region were determined. The structure and organization of the control region in Aphanius were found to be similar to those of other teleost fish. The population structure of both ecologically significant species in Hormozgan and Bushehr Provinces was examined. The results revealed that A. dispar is effectively distinct from A. ginaonis. Based on phylogenetic analyses, AMOVA indicated that the variance was significantly (P < 0.001) distributed among groups (64.15%), among populations within groups (11.84%), and within populations (24.0%). The two A. dispar populations from the Ben-e Jaberi drainage and the Mirahmad hot springs were well-differentiated based on haplotype diversity. Regional patterns of differentiation had not been previously explored in this geographic context for Aphanius dispar.

The aim of the current research was to design a culturally responsive teacher competency model. In this research, the integrated review research approach was used to design the model of culturally responsive teacher competencies. At this stage, the data were collected through searching with Persian and latin keywords including culturally responsive teachers, pedagogy, education, teaching, instruction and curriculum among all related articles in reliable databases in the field of education and training, which were published between 1954 and 2023. Finally, 56 related studies were identified. Based on analyzing the final studies, the culturally responsive teachers model was extracted with 3 organizing themes named culturally responsive teacher knowledge; culturally responsive teacher skills, and culturally responsive teacher attitudes . According to the obtained results, it can be said that in order to achieve the characteristics of a competent teacher in the field of culturaly responsiveness, the teachers could practically take effective steps towards growth by being equipped with the set of knowledge, skills and attitudes of cultural responsiveness, and the progress of students in all their educational, personal and social dimensions.

Spatial thinking is a cognitive process that integrates concepts of space, representation tools, and reasoning processes. It serves as the foundation for spatial reasoning, which is defined as the ability to mentally manipulate objects and understand their relationships. To effectively utilize spatial reasoning, individuals must acquire and employ a set of related skills. Proficiency in spatial abilities significantly influences an individual's potential for academic achievement, particularly in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) fields. Since understanding many STEM concepts involves comprehending and manipulating objects in space, STEM education necessitates a strong foundation in spatial reasoning skills.One way to strengthen the connection between spatial cognition and STEM learning is through the spatialization of the curriculum. This approach involves designing new curricular materials and providing teacher training to enhance the spatial aspects of content, methods, and delivery. To achieve this, educators need to develop competencies related to spatial reasoning. Teachers must acquire skills that enable them to design and teach scientific concepts using spatial reasoning, allowing them to present scientific ideas in a more understandable and accessible manner to a diverse range of students with varying interests and abilities. Consequently, students can apply these skills to solve scientific problems and address real-world challenges.Given the importance of spatial thinking and reasoning in formal education, along with the current lack of emphasis on their explicit teaching, this study aims to identify the professional competencies required of teachers to deliver instruction based on spatial reasoning. The goal is to support the professional development of educators and promote the development of spatial thinking and reasoning skills among students.

Given the research objective of "identifying the professional competencies required of teachers for spatial reasoning-based instruction," a meta-synthesis approach was used to discover the desired competencies in this area. To this end, the seven-step meta-synthesis process of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) was followed:Step 1: Formulating the research question The primary research question was: What are the components of the professional competencies required of teachers in spatial reasoning-based instruction?Step 2: Systematic literature searchStep 3: Screening and selecting suitable qualitative studies:  635 sources were found using the indicated keywords. Each source was carefully reviewed by researchers, 170 sources with less relevance to the research question were eliminated after reviewing the titles. Additionally,, after reviewing the abstracts, 182 sources were discarded, leaving 283 sources.Step 4: Critically appraising studies and extracting data: In this step, the methodological quality of the studies was examined, and the CASP[1] tool, was used. As a result, 25 sources were eliminated due to receiving poor or very poor scores from the review process, and of the remaining 258 sources, 40 sources received a moderate score and 218 sources received a good or very good score.Step 5: Analyzing and transforming the findings of qualitative studies: In this step, the 258 selected and finalized sources were reviewed multiple times to identify the separate intra-content findings that the original studies had found, and themes were extracted. To identify themes, the main research question was used as a criterion, and a total of 19 basic themes were extracted.Step 6: Validating the findings Optimization methods for the validity of the findings of this meta-synthesis were considered in four descriptive, interpretive, theoretical, and pragmatic stages.Step 7: Presenting the findings Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. All factors extracted from the research were considered as themes. These themes were categorized based on concepts related to the concept of competency in spatial reasoning-based instruction into 19 basic themes, 3 organizing themes, and 1 overarching theme. The basic concepts were placed under 3 organizing themes: knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for teaching using spatial reasoning. The "knowledge" competency included 10 basic themes such as familiarity with terminology related to spatial reasoning, knowledge of the dimensions and components of spatial reasoning, awareness of the history of spatial reasoning, knowledge of the typology of spatial reasoning, understanding the processes and variables affecting spatial reasoning, awareness of basic psychological theories and cognitive processes, familiarity with research on visual-spatial abilities, and more. Additionally, the "skills" competency included 5 themes: visual-spatial skills, spatial reasoning ability, spatial reasoning skills in science, the ability to apply different approaches to teaching with spatial reasoning, and spatial reasoning assessment skills. Finally, the "attitude" competency encompassed 4 themes, including a tendency towards critical spatial reasoning, interest in consciously practicing spatial thinking, a positive attitude and beliefs towards using spatial reasoning in teaching, and a positive attitude towards spatial reasoning-based curricula. All these themes were placed under the overarching theme of "competencies for teaching using spatial reasoning."

The overall objective of this study was to investigate the competencies required of teachers for spatial reasoning-based instruction. The results showed that these competencies can be categorized into 19 basic themes, 3 organizing themes, and one overarching theme. Teachers or instructors who intend to use spatial reasoning in their teaching need to acquire and develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes in this area. These findings can be used as a basis for developing training programs and improving the quality of teaching in the field of spatial reasoning. This study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the competencies required for teachers to effectively integrate spatial reasoning into their instruction.

The main goal of this research is the impact of the wage gap between managers and workers on stock returns: the mediating role of investors' supervision. In terms of categorizing the research according to the method of data collection, the current research is of the causal and post-event type. The research method is correlation. In this research, library methods were used to collect information. Library methods have been used to collect information on the theoretical foundations and literature of the topic, library resources, articles and required books have been used, and Kodal website and Rahavard Novin software have also been used to obtain statistical information. In this chapter, using data collected from a statistical sample of 76 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2015-2022. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson's correlation test and Limer's F test in the Eviews13 software environment. The results of the regression test showed that the wage gap between managers and workers with the mediating role of investors' supervision has a significant effect on stock returns.

This research aims to identify and explain the competency indicators of managers in hospitals. The meritocracy of managers has an effective role in the effective provision of health services in hospitals and medical centers. This research seeks to present the competency model of hospital managers in public hospitals of Guilan University of Medical Sciences.

The current research was first carried out in the framework of a qualitative approach and using the method of theme analysis and theme network of Attride-Stirling’s approach (2001). A semi-structured interview was used to collect data in the qualitative section. The participants in the interview are experts and managers of headquarters, hospitals, and faculty members of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The collected information was analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 software. This research was conducted at Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2024.

The competency model of hospital managers was presented in 7 main themes and 37 sub-themes. Also, subthemes include; The impact of executive power, information fields and awareness of managers, individual and social competencies, criteria, obstacles, consequences of choosing a competent manager, and essential indicators. 

The results of this research showed most categories related to the necessary indicators and criteria for selecting a competent manager, which included the theme of empowerment and personality, and related management records, were expressed.

The purpose of this study is to identify and control credit risk in banks utilizing new supervisory technologies with the neural network algorithm and the random forest algorithm. This research, in terms of its nature and objective, is categorized as theoretical and applied research. Given the quantitative nature of the study and the use of data mining for customer credit scoring, this investigation is data-driven. The primary foundation of this research is the discovery of knowledge from banking databases. In this study, real customers who received credit facilities from Tejarat Bank and Saman Bank in Tehran over a one-year period, whether they returned the loans to the bank or not, were defined as the statistical population. Consequently, for sampling, all individual credit customers of the selected branches of these banks during the specified time frame were examined. Out of 500 credit customers, a simple random sampling method was employed to select those who had received loans during this period, resulting in the selection of 230 samples for this study. After collecting the previous bank customer data from the relevant database and cleaning the data, the influential variables in customer ranking were identified by reviewing previous scientific research. In the next phase, using the neural network algorithm and the random forest algorithm, and with the help of relevant software, customers were classified based on their characteristics, and their behavior was predicted. The findings indicated that the random forest algorithm was more efficient in predicting customer credit risk. Statistical test results showed that the support vector machine model had higher accuracy in predicting customer credit risk. The random forest (DT) algorithm used in this research had the highest accuracy among all models, and with feature selection, the model's accuracy increased compared to the base model, achieving the highest accuracy (81.49%) among all techniques

The present study aimed to trace the effect of financial reporting's readability on the relationship between managers' opportunistic behaviors, including overconfidence, smoothing and earnings management in the divergence of investors' opinions. To achieve the study's objectives, a sample of 124 listed firms in the stock exchange was selected according to a systematic exclusion pattern, and it was collected for 10 years from 2013 to 2022. A linear multiple regression model was used to test the research hypotheses. To measure the divergence of investors' opinions, Silva and Serqueira's (2021) model and Jones adjusted model and earnings smoothing with the  LCLE index and overconfidence of managers with overinvestment model and Fog index were used to measure the readability of financial reporting. The results of hypothesis testing indicated that earnings smoothing, earnings management and managers' overconfidence increase the divergence of investors' beliefs in the market. Moreover, the readability of financial reporting affects these relationships. By improving the readability of financial reports, the result can be said that artificial earnings management will be reduced as necessary and the divergence of beliefs will be reduced. Also, by providing less complex financial statements, managers will have to disclose all their opinions, thereby increasing the transparency of the information sent to the market. In fact, by increasing the quality of information readability, financial reporting can help to bridge the relationship between earnings management, profit smoothing and overconfidence of managers with the investor confidence is impactful.

This study reviews and compares knowledge, innovation, and business ecosystems, highlighting their similarities, differences, and interactions. The knowledge ecosystem emphasizes knowledge production and exchange through collaboration between universities, research institutions, and companies. The innovation ecosystem focuses on creating shared value by developing and commercializing innovations, involving a network of companies and institutions. The business ecosystem centers around creating economic value through dynamic competition, often structured around a central company or platform. A systematic literature review using bibliometric and content analysis was conducted to analyze existing studies. The findings reveal that while these ecosystems have distinct objectives and structures, they share overlaps that facilitate synergy and stronger interconnections. Such interactions enhance productivity and efficiency and contribute to sustainable economic growth and innovation. This study presents a comparative framework that can serve as a guide for researchers and policymakers in shaping inter-ecosystem interactions.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the barriers to the development of social entrepreneurship in the NGOs of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces and based on a qualitative method. Based on this, first, by conducting a semi-structured interview with the managers of the province's NGOs, the barriers to the development of social entrepreneurship were identified, and in the next step, the factors were ranked using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method. The statistical population of this research was 74 people from the managers of the NGOs of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, from which a random sample of 20 people was selected for the interview and a random sample of 40 people was selected for the rating questionnaire. The results of the research show that the non-cooperation of the government&government agencies is the first factor, and the non-awareness of NGOs about social entrepreneurship is the second factor, and the factors of people's lack of acceptance of entrepreneurial plans and people's lifestyles and obstacles Mentally, They were ranked next. Facilitating the provision of licenses to social entrepreneurial activities and their financial support, holding training workshops for the activists NGOs, and creating a culture among people for the desire for collective activities through public media, including There are solutions to remove the obstacles to the development of social entrepreneurship in the NGOs of Chaharmahal&Bakhtiari provinces.

Investigating the factors influencing soil erosion and runoff, as well as evaluating their control methods, is essential for effective watershed management, particularly in the mountainous regions of the Zagros in western Iran. To facilitate the study of these phenomena under various treatments, it is imperative to create conditions that allow for continuous research. One of the most effective solutions is the establishment of erosion and sedimentation research stations equipped to simulate rainfall events. This study focuses on designing an erosion and sediment research station at Ilam University, comprising 20 plots, each measuring 2 square meters (1x2), arranged in two rows with varying slopes. This facility will support research on runoff and sedimentation processes while also serving as an educational space. The effectiveness of the rainfall simulator has been validated through several studies that examined rainfall-runoff events at different intensities and durations. However, these studies have also revealed challenges associated with the widespread use of such devices. With the construction of this new station, we have successfully addressed these shortcomings. Recognizing the impact of slope on erosion and sedimentation rates, two distinct slope categories were established at the station. A statistical comparison using the Student’s t-test between these two slope classes demonstrated a significant difference (t-value = -14.89, p-value < 0.001) between them. Specifically, the average slope for the first group was measured at 9.8 ± 0.31 percent, while the second group exhibited an average slope of 17.05 ± 0.38 percent.

The use of literary tools is not only to decorate a work; rather, great poets sometimes use some literary arrays to better explain what they cultivate in their creative minds. One of these tools is the "Style of Equation ". By using this style, the poet depicts the explanation of an intangible, complex and thought-provoking matter by creating harmony with a tangible, simple, universal and experienced matter. In the present study, we first introduced and compared this literary industry with other industries and expressed its characteristics, and then compared the use of equation style in Sanaei and Saadi's poetry. The main question of the current research is that Saadi and Sanaei used the subtleties in using the literary art of equation style, and what similarities are there in the use of these two talented poets in the use of this literary art? The findings of the research show that Sanaei used this literary technique more in his mystical poems; But Saadi has benefited from this literary art in other subjects due to his creative and argumentative mind

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have changed diagnostics and therapy due to their high specificity and affinity to the target antigens (Ags). Accurately measuring the affinity of mAbs is critical to understanding their binding properties. It represents the strength of binding between an antibody (Ab) and its target Ag and enables decision making in the development and optimization of these antibodies to improve their efficacy in diagnostics and therapy. Various methods such as the equilibrium dissociation constant, ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and microarray-based platforms can be used to determine mAb affinity. The non-competitive ELISA is simple and available method for many laboratories, based on the law of mass action that compares the OD50 of three sigmoidal curves of serial Ab dilutions on plates coated with different Ag concentrations to determine the binding strength between a mAb and its Ag. This protocol provides a step-by-step guide to determining mAb affinity using modified ELISA and enables researchers to make informed decisions about the development and application of mAbs in their respective fields.

Due to the spread of the virus and the closure of educational centers, the followers of education were forced to provide education in the context of virtual education systems. The aim of the research was to investigate the perfectionist experiences of Shiraz primary school teachers of virtual education. For this purpose, the qualitative method of phenomenology has been used. The participants in this research were all primary school teachers in Shiraz city in the academic year of 1401. The selection of the interviewees was done with a targeted approach and criteria method. Ten people were finally selected based on theoretical saturation. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews, the interviews were analyzed using the Colaizzi model and thematic analysis method. After extraction and thematic categorization, the teachers' perfectionist experiences were classified into nine basic themes and three main themes, including interactive lesson design, cooperation and grouping, and variety and attractiveness in the content. Data validity was determined by using verifiability techniques through researchers' self-review and reliability by carefully directing the flow of information collection and alignment of researchers. By using their perfectionist experiences in virtual education, primary school teachers try to attract their cooperation and encourage them to learn by designing lessons containing diverse and attractive contents and grouping students in the process of virtual education.

This qualitative research was carried out with the aim of presenting a curriculum renewal model in the higher education system and with the systematic research method of the Grounded Theory Approach. For this purpose, by conducting open interviews with 23 curriculum experts, data was collected and analyzed in three stages of open, central and selective coding. The results of the research showed the extraction of more than 200 basic concepts from the interviews, as well as the statistics of 117 sub-categories and 22 main categories, which in the form of a paradigm model includes curriculum revision and renewal as a central category; Causal conditions (need assessment, commitment, expertise and independence of teachers' actions, etc.); Strategies (foreseeing, constant monitoring of environmental capacity, university-industry interaction, etc.); Platforms for curriculum renewal (quality of management in revision of courses, type of cooperation between stakeholders, etc.); The intervening conditions (the prevailing values ​​in the society, the revision of the bylaws, etc.) and the consequences of curriculum renewal (curriculum effectiveness, etc.) were proposed and designed and explained in the form of the final model of curriculum renewal

The present study aim is to empirically investigate the impact of comparability and readability of financial statements on avoiding incorrect pricing of company shares. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a sample of 127 companies listed in the Stock Exchange, which were selected according to the systematic elimination pattern, was collected for a period of 10 years from 2013 to 2022, and since the data of the period 2022 in the calculations It was needed for 9 years and was used for statistical work. A multivariable linear regression model was used to test the research hypotheses. For incorrect pricing of shares, the model previously developed by Pantzalis and Park (2013) and for measuring the readability and comparability of financial statements, the fog index and the profit-return index were used, respectively. The results of the research hypotheses test showed that the increase of both the readability of financial statements and the ability to compare accounting information separately leads to a decrease in the volume of incorrect stock pricing. In addition to that, further investigations revealed the interaction of the above two variables and led to the exchange and formation of stock prices in figures close to their intrinsic values, and the volume of incorrect stock pricing has decreased due to the reduction of information inequality

The present study aims to investigate the impact of companies’ business strategies on financial reporting quality taking into account the effect of managers' overconfidence. The data of 140 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange for ten years, from 2013 to 2022, were collected based on the systematic deletion model, and hypotheses were tested using multivariate linear regression. The results revealed the type of strategy chosen by companies significantly affects the quality of financial reporting. Companies that pursue aggressive strategies demonstrate better financial reporting quality compared with defensive companies, which aligns with previous research results. Bermpei (2021) showed that companies’ operating policies significantly impact financial reporting. The results also revealed that managerial overconfidence has a significant adverse effect on financial reporting quality; it reduces the significant impact of business strategy on the quality of financial reporting. In companies with overconfident managers, the significant impact of business strategy on the financial reporting quality is decreased. The findings provide valuable insight into the importance of selecting an appropriate business strategy for enhancing companies' financial reporting quality, which should  be considered by professional authorities to strengthen the quality of financial reporting.

The purpose of this research was to develop an effective teaching model in order to improve the educational level of schools. This research is qualitative and phenomenological. The research community includes academic experts familiar with the subject. Based on the purposeful sampling method; after a semi-structured interview with 15 people, theoretical saturation was achieved and the interview was stopped. In this research, consultants and experts in the field of educational management were used to achieve validity, and the verification strategy of research colleagues was used to determine reliability; based on this, validity and reliability were confirmed. The method of analysis used in this research was thematic method. Based on the results of the interviews, 11 themes in the form of 4 concepts of personal and scientific characteristics of teachers (social status of teachers, individual character of teachers, and empowerment of teachers), optimal management of the classroom and educational environment (use of educational technology, classroom management and effective educational implementation, and appropriate educational tools and equipment), active and motivating teaching (use of active teaching methods and motivational levers), and targeted teaching (objectification of teaching (meaningful learning), targeted research) were identified. Based on this, it is suggested to use the model presented in this research in order to improve the educational level of schools and make teachers' teaching more effective.