mehran fateminia

The syntax of spaces is one of the significant factors affecting visitors' sense of security in urban parks. Due to the vitality and green nature of parks, they are expected to provide more sense of peace and security to visitors than other urban spaces; However, Tappeh-Bashi Park in the city of Naghadeh, located in West Azarbaijan province, Iran, is a counterexample. This park, despite its glory days not so far past, has become a place for addicts and criminals because of a lack of surveillance, ethnic conflicts, and the stoning of two people there. Recently, measures have been taken by the municipality to improve the security of the park, such as taking out criminals, implementing some sports facilities, and planting trees, and flowers. Although this has significantly reduced the rate of crime, citizens still do not desire to visit this park due to their sense of fear of possible crimes. The root of this issue is both subjective and objective and this study's focus is on the objective aspect.The purpose is to find the areas inducing a sense of fear of crime in visitors in the case study by assessing the role of the objective factors related to the spatial syntax of the park in both physical and visual dimensions. To do so, the qualities affecting the sense of fear in visitors of Tappeh-Bashi Park and their extracted indicators were evaluated by space syntax technique and through Depthmap software.In this research, the four qualities of accessibility, choice, controllability, and integration in the physical dimension, and the qualities of lighting, visibility, and attraction in the visual dimension were evaluated. First of all, the base map of the site was updated, and the axial maps of indicators including connectivity, mean depth, metric depth, permeability, and mysteriousness were prepared in DepthMap software and valued in Geographic Information System (GIS). Next, the obtained quality maps were weighed and overlaid to get the final axial map. Then, the visual graph of the clustering coefficient indicator was combined with the final map, which gave us three areas inducing a sense of fear among visitors.Finally, three areas were also examined in terms of visibility indicators such as maximum radial line, compactness, and occlusivity, which gave us a good insight to analyse the potentials of each area for reducing sense of fear. For findings validation, the agent analysis of the site was applied, which proved area two has the potential for designing against the sense of fear of crime with the aim of enhancing social interaction. The site also was assessed according to the intensity of lighting at night showing that area three lacks proper lighting.The results showed that the dead-end and undefined routes in the park have reduced the mobility and integrity of pedestrian paths. Moreover, spaces with low levels of lighting at night, spaces that lack natural surveillance, and mysterious and abandoned spaces in the park have the highest potential to induce feelings of insecurity and a sense of fear of crime.

Industrial design has played an influential role in developing consumerist culture. Given the design’s potentialfor the growth of sustainable thinking, altering this direction is expected from design. Despite the increasingrecognition that mainstream design has unintended consequences, less attention is paid to consumer behavior as theunderlying cause of unsustainability, especially the impact of purchasing new products. By considering psychologyalongside design discipline, behavioral models provide a practical foundation to change behavior, and their use insustainable design is growing. Due to the narrow focus on purchasing, maintaining, and disposing of products, thisresearch aims to design a behavioral model in this area. In this regard, by studying literature in the field of psychology,behavioral components and ways to affect them were extracted, and known models for behavior change were reviewed.These findings were reanalyzed and utilized with sustainable design principles and evolutionary psychology to design amodel with design interventions to change consumption patterns. Designers can use this model to encourage sustainableconsumption. This is significant because the previous research only focused on reducing resource consumption andpromoting environmentally friendly behavior in their models.

Style is a word used in the Late 19th Century to distinguish between different artistic methods. But despite the concepts of its nature, by entering other fields, it was able to develop its application and accept other roles as well. Style is an important concept in the field of industrial design and automotive design, which is mostly used in describing the appearance of the product. From an industrial design perspective, products are a combination of functions and forms. Most of the time, these items are comparable to the buyer's point of view, the technical functions look the same and the biggest difference is felt in their appearances. Therefore, the importance of style lies in the fact that it is the most important and the first factor when customers encounter the product. Influential factor, which targets customers' emotions and plays a direct role in determining the final purchase decision. In fact, style is a trump card in the brand's competition. They also see it as a good opportunity to convey their values and culture, through which they engage it in their conversation and interaction with customers. So, to achieve such goals, there must be a correct understanding of the concepts and issues about style, so that brands and designers can properly create product’s style for their customers. In fact, style reveals the shape of a thought in the appearance of the product. In order to implement this thought in the product, how to create a product style should be considered. Therefore, the form or physical appearance of the product has the potential to attract more customers than the technical performance of the product. It also increases the chances of customers to test and evaluate the product, and can cover even the poorer technical performance of the product with its attractive style or make its good technical performance more apparent. In this article, the concepts of style have been explored and developed. Due to the importance of style in car design, the findings and results in this area have been expanded and the elements of car style were identified, and a combined process have been proposed. Based on the proposed results and process, various tools and techniques were used in the case study. This practical design is based on functional, stylistic, and aesthetic criteria such as: Being aggressive and sporty, being creative and trendy. It was carried out as a project in Iran Khodro Company for the target group of young men and women and was verified by Iran Khodro experts and some professors of the University of Tehran in the field of industrial design. Finally, the design of Runna Facelift project for Iran Khodro was proposed. In This article, give you a better and clear overview of style design. Also, since a brand uses its identity to present its products to its audience in addition to style, and due to the relation between identity and style, it is suggested that concepts in these areas, can be considered as future research subjects.

“Design” is referred to the process in human`s mind that results in creating a concept from solving a problem. Nowadays, academic design education has been improved considerably and research in this area entered a new era. The necessity of training to help the designers understanding and then implementing systematic approaches in the process of design is now very well appreciated in academia. Therefore, scientifically approaching the design matter and training experts to address this shortcoming for a wide range of professions is urging. This paradigm shift has caused some sort of complexity in the thinking process of designers. As the result, this has become an attractive subject in design methodology researches. In the current study the impact of academic studies on the problem-solving process of a design student`s mind has been investigated. In order to cover all aspects of such impact, an experimental study was designed and conducted to explore the essence of the concepts and skills that design students in University of Tehran acquire during their studies. Due to the obscure stimuli and responses, the study of thinking can be very challenging or in some cases not feasible. Therefore, to achieve this goal, protocol analysis was adopted in this research to study the thinking process for a number of cases. According to the literature, protocol analysis is an empirical observational research method developed to explore and analyse human behaviour. This method can be used to make a comprehensive understanding of the processes taking place in a designer’s mind. A protocol is referred the subjects` behaviours recorded in the course of time. With advancements in psychology and developing psychologically methods, verbal and thinking behaviour became an interesting subject where preparing verbal reports was begun. Thinking aloud which is the basis of the verbal reports in the protocol analysis, reveals the processes taking place in the subject`s mind during design. In this case the experiment was then conducted using protocol analysis on two junior students and two recently graduates, followed by the final study on two subjects. The junior student`s problem-solving behaviour was compared with the one recorded for graduate student. The differences were then categorised into three factors including time, problem addressing, and design phases. The junior subject was found to be more creative and has a freer mind in developing ideas. However, addressing the problem and describing the details were difficult for him. He showed to be more concerned about the general idea while, the graduate acted more systematic in problem-solving. The graduate subject became so involved in details that lost her focus on creativity. The results were discussed and represented in more details in the latter sections. It was concluded that academic design education, may affect designer`s thinking resulting in concentration on methodology and process-driven approaches causing a loss in creativity. The hypotheses however need to be investigated further in future studies. At the end of the report, the research constraints and future suggestions were also presented.

Smartphones are one of the latest technologies which have a profound impact on users’ daily life. This technology was adapted to meet the expectations of users in different age’s groups, but elderly users may encounter some difficulty while using these devices. The current study was aimed to evaluate the usability of smartphones for elderly users, and assess their level of satisfaction with these devices. The number of 30 elderly subjects with previous experience of using a smartphone were invited to take part in the study. Participants were asked to unlock the phone, enter their contact list and call a specific person, add a new number to their contact list and save it, compose a text message and send it, set an alarm, and locate the nearest bank with the help of a smartphone map application. Demographic questionnaires and System Usability Scale (SUS) were filled out by the subjects and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess user’s satisfaction. The average time spent on completing different tasks, namely unlocking, finding a specific contact, adding a new number, texting, setting an alarm, and using a map were: 45.6, 79.4, 119.5, 113.5, 54, and 48 seconds ,respectively. The mean score for SUS and satisfaction were 59.13 and 62.5, respectively, which were acceptable for these two factors. Age is an important factor in the usability of this technology, with older people stating lower levels of usability. Since the results of the study showed that smartphones need to become more usable for this group of users, it can be said that age of consumers is an important factor that should be taken into account when designing new technologies.

Due to the role of participation in service design, the importance of the concept participatory design approach is increasing in this area. In the literature in this area is mentioned many benefits of using participatory approach in the service design. some of these are: 1. development of different and new services with better values for users, 2. reducing the time of development services, 3. User education, 4. Long-term and better relationships between service providers and customers. But some questions still remained unanswered in the participatory design process in the service design and benefits of this approach ahead in this direction. So the aim of this study is to investigate the process of participatory design in service design projects based on tools and techniques (And possibly achieve a comprehensive process in this area), also to survey the benefits which are originated from the selected tools. The other purpose of this study is to show the importance of co-design in service design process. The research method in this paper is a qualitative analysis based on case study. For this, four projects have been selected in the field of service design from scientific articles as case studies that three of them are based on participatory design and one of them is based on a different approach. The important result of this research showed that we can probably identify a three-step process in all participatory service design projects to introduce it to designers in this area. The steps of this suggested process are: 1.preparation of operative groups 2.collective ideas 3.participatory review and extracting the ideas. The first phase of this three-step process also is diagnosed in three separate steps that are as follows: 1.Selected the type of group or groups participants 2.Recognition of diverse mental models of participants 3.informing participants with methods and objectives of the project. So the inputs in the first stage are different subjective assumptions and outputs are mindfulness participants to the matter. The last phase of this process also has three steps: 1.review 2.completion 3.selection. So at this stage (participatory review and extracting the ideas), Input are diverse ideas and output is a selective idea that is selected with the participation of all participants. Also with a comparative analysis of innovation areas in service design (which are known 7P and are included: Place, Product, price, promotion, Participants, Physical evidence and Process) with participatory design tools, it was found that the use of participatory design tools has positive effects in these areas. Finally, to assess the process proposed in this paper, the process of an execution project and the results of this were evaluated. The author’s suggestion for future research in the field of participatory design is to measure the result of the comparative analysis of innovation areas in service design with participatory design tools practically with executive projects to be aware of the positive impact of it and can be compared its influence with the implementation of other similar methods.