mehrdad teymouri

The emergence of the concept of restorative justice is the result of the change in the attitudes and public views of criminal lawyers, criminologists and the enforcers of the penal system, due to the performance and negative and harmful results of criminal justice based on repression and punishment. One of the main concerns of the restorative justice school is preserving and guaranteeing citizenship rights. The school of restorative justice is a victim-oriented school and pays special attention to the rights of the victim as a forgotten citizen in the criminal process. For this reason, it deals with making the criminal accountable to the victim and other citizens involved in the crime. In recent years, most crime response systems are trying to provide their return to society by adopting treatment-oriented measures. However, the use of imprisonment as an important enforcement guarantee in dealing with delinquency in the criminal policy of different countries has not been very successful, and this has led to the tendency of legislative and judicial authorities to use its alternatives. With the aim of investigating the role of community services as alternative punishments to imprisonment in the light of urban law, this article has investigated the researches, articles, studies and documents related to the library method by using the descriptive and analytical research method. It was concluded that municipalities as one of the institutions accepting public benefit services (free public services), by welcoming the free services of convicts in municipalities, can play a significant role in the strategy of the goals of public benefit services in order to rehabilitate the criminal and not exclude him from the society in order to achieve the goals in line with restorative justice and protection of rights and urban security.

Due to the fact that all members of the society have the right to health, the convicts, whose human nature entitles them to have human rights, also have certain rights regardless of the crime they have committed. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the role of Islamic teachings in guaranteeing the convicts’ right to health as a manifestation of the health-oriented criminal policy in Iran.

This research is of theoretical type and is based on library resources and evidence-based resources of Magiran, PubMed, Noor Mags and Google Scholar, which was performed through extensive literature review, analysis, scientific studies and a guide to understanding the nature.

According to the findings of the research, Iran's criminal justice system, while being effective in respecting the inherent dignity of human beings, has respected the health of convicts as a human right in line with the course of human evolution and excellence. Therefore, cases such as punishment in hot and cold conditions, punishment of sick convicts and pregnant women, the impossibility of treatment and hopelessness of the recovery of the sick convict, and observance of the health of the convicts has been thoroughly considered in Iran's criminal justice system.

Long before the ratification of international human rights documents, including the convicts’ right to health, this has been considered in the teachings of Islam as a manifestation of health-oriented criminal policy. Therefore, the health-oriented criminal policy in Iran's legal system is also influenced by the teachings of Islam to ensure that convicts benefit from right to health in formal and substantive laws.

The rapid advancement of technology necessitates the alignment of basic rights and freedoms with legal accountability, particularly in safeguarding people's health rights and preventing adverse outcomes. Among these emerging technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) stands out as one of the most transformative, significantly impacting various sectors, including healthcare. This research aims to employ content analysis to examine the relationship between health rights and AI technology, focusing on transparency, permeability, and their mutual influence. The study reveals that as the importance of new technologies grows, so too do their associated challenges, which require regulation. AI has increasingly shaped the intersection of health rights and broader human rights. However, concerns arise in areas like self-awareness, decision-making, diagnosis, and treatment by AI, potentially leading to violations of health rights. The study suggests that a combined approach, where AI complements human expertise rather than replacing it, is a viable solution. AI should assist, not replace, human decision-makers, ensuring that ultimately, decisions are made by humans.

Artificial intelligence has proven its effectiveness in various fields, and law and solving legal issues have not been immune from this influence. One of these areas is related to children's rights, where the presence of artificial intelligence can manage and organize many problems in decision-making well. In this article, the objective applications of artificial intelligence in solving children's rights are mentioned, and the capabilities and rules of its application in Iran's legal system are examined.

In this study, Science Direct, Ovid, PubMed, SID, Magiran and Google Scholar search engine using keywords and phrases of artificial intelligence, machine learning and children’s rights. "Children's rights", "Convention" were searched. In the case of articles, the years (2015 to 2023) were used. A total of 7 articles related to the purpose of the study were identified and used in the compilation of the study.

By including the responsible use of AI in educational curricula, public participation in decision-making processes, and establishing strong frameworks and regulatory oversight, we can protect the well-being of children interacting with AI-based technologies.

Protecting children in the era of artificial intelligence requires a comprehensive approach that integrates ethics, human rights, and child-centered considerations.

Today, new technologies are evolving rapidly, and in the meantime, artificial intelligence offers many potential benefits to mankind with its ever-increasing progress. Such technology requires the processing and analysis of significant amounts of data, as well as access to large volumes of big data. However, the ethical issues of artificial intelligence in the digital space must be identified and taken into account to prevent abuse. Therefore, ethical principles should be considered in the artificial intelligence-based system and guidelines should be provided for users who implement artificial intelligence technologies; which can be called digital ethics. Therefore, the main question of the paper is "What are the moral risks of artificial intelligence and is it possible to create liability insurance for artificial intelligence-based systems?". The research method of this paper is theoretical and based on a library data collection tool, and the data analysis method is descriptive-analytical. According to the findings of the research, the most important ethical challenges of artificial intelligence include ethical concerns related to the collection and unauthorized use of personal data, which will lead to the violation of privacy and human dignity. On the other hand, one of the concerns is non-compliance with the ethical principles of bias and data security. As a result, while trying to develop ethical standards with monitoring and accountability for artificial intelligence and digital space, digital liability insurance suggested in utilization of artificial intelligence in the digital space of liability and negligence in digital environments. Providers of digital technologies may require specialized malpractice insurance to address potential liability issues specific to these environments. Insurers must develop policies that reflect the unique risks associated with digital environments.

Criminal justice in its true sense seeks to expand justice while protecting the rights of the victims and also includes the rights of the criminals. The Statute of the International Criminal Court, as an expression of the implementation of criminal justice at the international level, has taken care to recognize these rights in various cases. As the wide range of rights of the suspect, accused and convicted in the statute of the International Criminal Court originates from human rights doctrines; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the manifestations of the rights of suspects, accused and convicted in the statute of the International Criminal Court. The research method used in this research is descriptive and analytical for this purpose. The articles related to the rights of suspects, accused and convicted in the statute of the International Criminal Court have been explored. The result of the current research is that people who are accused of committing a crime are called suspects, people who are prosecuted for committing a crime are called accused, and people who are found guilty of committing a crime are called convicts. Therefore, based on the standards of human rights and promotion of human dignity in the statute of the International Criminal Court, manifestations of the rights of suspects, accused and convicted have been recognized, which evokes the dignity-oriented criminal justice at the international level.

Today, artificial intelligencetechnologies can provide incredible benefits to the health system. While artificial intelligence has a significant capacity to improve the performance of the health system, it is accompanied by challenges that sometimes lead to damages the health system. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to review the ethical and legal challenges associated with the use of artificial intelligence in the health system.

This research is a review study. To collect data, evidence wassearched in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases using the keywords artificial intelligence, medical ethics, health rights, health care and human dignity.

In all the stages of writing the present research, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Based on the findings of the present research, several items can be mentioned regarding ethical challenges: trust in artificial intelligence, violation of human dignity in artificial intelligence, observing the principle of individual independence and its rules, artificial intelligence in diagnosing the completion of treatment, and artificial intelligence and emotional functioning. The legal challenges include the standardizationof artificial intelligence in medicine, artificial intelligence and civil liability, artificial intelligence and the physician’s warranty, artificial intelligence and the breach of data confidentiality, and artificial intelligence and cyber security.

While using artificial intelligence technologies to provide healthcare and medical services, decisions should be made based on respect for human dignity and observing ethical and legal principles, rules and regulations. Any AI-based technology which is considered for use in healthcare and the health system must be efficient, safe, standardized and regulated. Such technologies can only be efficient if they are implemented in healthcare and medical services along with monitoring and evaluation.

The religion of Islam is the religion of compassion and kindness, and the Holy Quran, which is the source of religious teachings, strongly supports the fundamental rights of human beings; At the same time, in the Quranic teachings and Islamic traditions in the direction of human evolution and excellence, preservation of life and observance of health is considered as important and respectable. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the approach of religious teachings toward ensuring the health of convicts.

The method of carrying out this descriptive-analytical study was library-based Data was collected by referring to the Quranic verses and Islamic narrations and searching the Islamic sources and articles on databases such as ISC, Migiran, SID, Normags and Google Scholar. Then, the collected data were analyzed according to the purpose of the study. The authors of the article did not report any conflict of interests.

The findings of the study indicate that in implementing the divine limits (punishments) while being effective in observing the inherent dignity of human beings, the health of the convicts has been predicted via certain mechanisms in the approach of religious teachings derived from the Holy Quran and narrations cited from the Infallibles; These include the non-enforcement of punishment on the convict in heat and cold, the non-application of punishment on the diseased convictsand pregnant woman, the possibility of applying punishment on the convicted patient in the form of theqth (a set of whips held together) and the non-application of punishment on the convict's face and genitals.

The results of the study indicate that religious teachings have paid attention to the health of convicts in order to ensure health, especially during the enforcement of divine limits or punishments; Therefore, illness and special circumstances of the convict before or after the conviction leads to the application of differential criminal policy for the convicts in order to ensure their health. As in many cases, the convict's physical and mental illness has been considered as a condition for the abolition of punishment and in some cases as the cause of delaying the enforcement of the punishment until recovery; Therefore, the integration of religion and health is a strategic combination in ensuring the health of convicts.

With the spread of the corona crisis, in order to prevent and fight this disease, it became necessary to adopt measures and instructions to respect the right to the safety of the society and, in addition, to respect the right to the health of prisoners in the criminal justice system. In setting up the research, documentary and library methods were used and the analysis of the obtained information was qualitative and based on inferences from sources and texts. The findings and results of the research indicate that the granting of long-term leave and the greater use of criminal justice institutions during the outbreak of the Corona crisis, caused conflicts between the right to the safety of society and the right to the health of prisoners, including increasing the responsibility of the police force, reducing the sense of security among Citizens will be victimized and crime rates will change in society, which will also affect crisis management. Also, under normal conditions, both rights are part of the fundamental human rights and are placed next to each other, and one right cannot be prioritized over the other; But in times of crisis, such as the Corona crisis, it seems that the right to the safety of society takes priority over the right to the health of prisoners; Because in terms of quantity, the right to the health of the few prisoners is against the right to the safety of the majority of the society.

Humans are equally entitled to benefit from their human rights as inherent and inalienable rights in any place and time without any discrimination. Human rights recognize mankind as having rights and freedoms by the mere fact of being a human being, and which includes the right to enjoy education. Today, education is considered as the foundation of progress and development of human societies and is one of the fundamental rights of every person in society, irrespective of whether he is a criminal or not. The purpose of this research is to examine the foundation as well as the origin and developments of convicts benefiting from the right to education and its impact on prevention of recidivism. The present research has been carried out, using documents and library sources and a descriptive and analytical method. The findings and results of the research indicate that enjoying the right to education is fundamental to attain rehabilitation and character building of convicts. Based on criminological theories, education helps criminals learn how to behave in society and respect social norms and values in the process of socialization and social reintegration, and on therefore helps to prevent recidivism.

Today, with the increasing growth of virtual reality and augmented reality simulation technologies, we are witnessing progress in human life and on the one hand, using new technologies in the field of medical and health sciences plays a very important and fundamental role for the continuation of human life and among these technologies is metaverse. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to investigate the role and position of Metaverse in improving healthcare and treatment.

The current research is of a theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method was the data collection tool from the evidence sources of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases.

Ethical Considerations:

 In all stages of writing the present research, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Based on research findings, Metaverse in healthcare uses technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR) and advanced digital platforms to create a dynamic and interconnected virtual healthcare ecosystem. In the healthcare context, the term metaverse refers to an immersive digital environment where patients, healthcare providers, researchers and medical professionals can interact, collaborate and participate in various healthcare-related activities.

Metaverse has grown rapidly in healthcare and ushered in a new era of medical possibilities. Metaverse cannot replace clinical practice. Interacting with patients is an essential skill that healthcare professionals acquire. Metaverse can be incorporated to enhance the quality of education, research and patient care. This can bring new possibilities to facilitate healthcare professionals. Technologies and Metaverse can be used in various fields of medicine and this application can benefit patients, healthcare providers and make them more accessible, efficient and patient-centered.

Judicial justice is one of the most important goals of any judicial system. If judicial justice is not achieved for any reason, the judicial system will be damaged. Therefore, crimes against judicial justice refer to any behavior, whether an act or an omission, that hinders the realization of judicial justice in the society. The current research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the criminal laws of Iran in the field of crimes against judicial justice by using documents and library resources and using a descriptive and analytical method. Therefore, the findings and results of the research indicate that due to the importance of crimes against judicial justice, it is necessary to compile a separate section in this regard. Due to the fact that there are many chapters in the punishment section of the Islamic Penal Code, while we do not have any chapters under the title of crimes against judicial justice or crimes against judicial justice, and this is an important harm in the criminal laws of Iran.

 The corona pandemic, which was observed in China in December 2019, soon spread to other parts of the world and became a critical issue for the right to public health at the international level. The right to health is important and vital for societies today and one of the criteria and values in the principles of medical ethics is the observance of justice in equal access to health services; Prisoners, like other members of society, have access to it as a more vulnerable group of society whose law restricts some of their freedoms. The purpose of this study is to review the strategies of the Iranian legal system and international instruments on the right to health of prisoners and the principles of medical ethics in prisons and legal strategy to observe the principles of medical ethics in prisons in order for health policy makers to benefit from it during the corona pandemic.

 This research is of review type and its information has been collected by library-documentary method.

Ethical Considerations:

 Ethical considerations have been observed in all stages of research, including the study and collection of data, their documentation, analysis and publication.

 The research findings indicate that in the supra-legislative, legislative and sub-legislative norms of the Iranian legal system and binding and guiding international documents on the principles of medical ethics in prisons and the right to health of prisoners, general and specific regulations have been set to observe ethical rules in medicine. Prisoners can also enjoy the right to health as a human right. Therefore, health system policymakers can use them to expand the role of ethics in prisons and to support the health of prisoners.

 Based on the results, it can be said that observing the principles of medical ethics and paying attention to the health of prisoners during the corona pandemic in order to prevent Covid-19 virus and treat infected prisoners should be considered by health policy makers. Therefore, using the norms of the Iranian legal system and international documents, it is necessary to adopt regulations in order to standardize the ethical principles of doctors, nurses and health center staff in prisons to maintain the health of prisoners during the corona pandemic.

Judicial records, which are created to identify the judicial status of any natural or legal person, are used in all stages of the proceedings from the beginning of the prosecution to the execution of the sentence and even after the execution of the sentence and play a key role in police and judicial decisions. This article aims to make a comparative study of the institution of judicial record in Islamic law and the country of Iran and France and to examine its position, using library documents and resources and in a descriptive and analytical manner, has reached the conclusion that; Forming a judicial record for persons under 18 years of age in Iran and not forming it in France, the need to obtain judicial record information in Islamic law and its difficult steps in Iran and its ease in France, obtaining a fee to obtain a judicial record in Iran and free of charge Its presence in France, the impossibility of deleting the history of judicial record in Iran and the possibility of deleting it in France and the need for re-socialization in Islamic law, dividing the judicial record into three parts: criminal, legal and administrative and separating the record of financial convictions in Iran and the absence The divisions in France and the positive attitude towards the institution of the judiciary in Islamic and French law are among the differences between this institution.

Many defendants and convicts might be ill before entering a prison or might became ill during a sentence. Some environmental conditions of prisons may also affect the health of inmates; therefore, special attention must be paid to the matter. In addition to the need to observe justice, it is essential to formulate an appropriate strategy for reducing the criminal population of inmates. Therefore, this study aims to address the status of health-oriented deprivation of liberty in Iran’s legal system and international human rights instruments. Analyzing the health-oriented imprisonment approach in Iran’s legal system and international human rights instruments, this study seeks to determine what effects health-oriented imprisonment has on the criminal justice process. In fact, this descriptive analytical study concludes that a manifestation of health-oriented deprivation of liberty is the review and adjustment of policies governing imprisonment and prison management. Hence, criminal policies should result from the link between health and justice. Moreover, analysis of health-oriented deprivation of liberty and attention to the health of inmates can strengthen the trend in community-based punishments.

 Retribution of the murderer in the insane murder is one of the very important issues that Islamic jurists have expressed theories and rulings about it with specific reasons. Although non-retribution of the murderer in the insane murder is not specified in the verses of the Quran, but there is a narration by Abi Basir from Imam Baqir (AS) about this. The purpose of this research is to compare and apply the verdict of insane murder from the point of view of Islamic jurists and its legal challenges.

 This research was done with a descriptive analytical method and information collection was done in a library manner. Based on this, while defining insanity from a jurisprudential, legal and medical point of view, the punishment of insane murder has been investigated from the perspective of jurists of Islamic religions, and its legal challenges have been evaluated.

 The results indicate that in a case where a sane person murder an insane person, according to the well-known Imami jurists and citing the narration of Abi Basir from Imam Baqir (a.s.) and the meaning of the phrase "La Qawda Leman La Yoqadu Minho" the murderer is not been revenge. This is contrary to the Sunni jurists’ famous opinion, who believe that in the murder of an insane person, a sane murderer will be revenge. This difference in the punishment for the murder of the insane among the Imamiyyah and Sunni jurisprudents is due to the jurisprudence and principles between these religions, and since the definition of intentional murder is certain on the subject of the discussion; therefore, despite the necessity and lack of obstacles, the non-retribution of a wise man for the insane murder becomes exclusive in the case of an insan’s attack and aggression.

The theory of left realist criminology proposes the square of crime to prevent crimes, and discusses the square design of crime accentuating the point that all four aspects of victim, offender, state agencies (e.g., the police), and the public must be considered in order to deal with crime in a comprehensive way. Therefore, due to the occurrence of crimes in cyberspace, which is within the jurisdiction of the FATA police, the present research has been carried out. The present study uses library documents and resources and descriptive and analytical methods to analyze the structure of FATA police in the light of the teachings of the theory of left realist criminology. The findings and results of this study indicate that the FATA police, as a state agency with a proper executive and law enforcement function as well as supportive structure and using the theory of left realist criminology, has the ability to have a significant preventive share of crime. Also, according to the left realist criminology, the influence of subculture in cyberspace and the creation of class distance through cyberspace, which increases the sense of deprivation in society, play a role in committing crimes. Therefore, considering the pivotal role of the police in the approach of the theory of the left realist criminology in prevention of crime, it is necessary to eliminate the identified deficiencies and detriments in order to prevent crime in cyberspace.

Sometimes the importance of the crime or the circumstances of the offender is such that the legislator, in addition to enforcing the main and supplementary punishment by enacting regulations, has created other types of punishments with the effect of deprivation of some social rights. This article aims to investigate the challenges of subordinate punishments in Iranian criminal law and its legislative process from the abolition of subordinate punishments to the revival of subordinate punishments, using library documents and resources and has reached the conclusion that descriptive and analytical; Subsequent penalties have numerous legal and administrative challenges, including Irrevocability and conversion of subordinate punishments, permanent deprivation of some social rights, inequality and inflexibility of subordinate punishments, long period of elimination of criminal record, non-removal from judicial record, application of subordinate punishments after termination of life sentences and life imprisonment, no The special authority foresaw the completion of the subordinate punishments, the application of the subordinate punishments according to the subsequent law, the non-application of the subordinate punishments for the absent person and the non-prediction of the plaintiff's pardon after the execution of the sentence.

This paper was aimed to investigate the variables affecting students' satisfaction towards practical projects amid education in the agricultural education and research centers. This was a quantitative research which applied a survey method to collect the data. The statistical population of the study was all students active in practical projects amid education equal to 102 people. This research was conducted in centers where at least 3 projects have been implemented, such as research centers of Isfahan, East Azerbaijan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Qazvin, Khorasan Razavi, Mazandaran, Hamedan, Bushehr and Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center. Due to few number of members of the statistical community, all of them were studied by census method. The main research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which its reliability was evaluated by Composite Reliability (CR) for each of the research instrument constructs which was above 0.7 indicating the internal reliability of the questionnaire and GOF index which was 0.571 indicting good fitness of model. The data was analyzed using PLS-SMART and SPSS software. The results showed that from the perspective of the respondents, the experience of the agent of the projects, proper supervision of project supervisors and careful planning of executive are effective in students' satisfaction towards projects.

Communities around the world are made up of groups with specific ethnic, racial, linguistic, religious, and cultural diversity. The crime of cultural anti-genocide includes destroying the culture of these groups. The crime of genocide is committed in accordance with the statute of the International Criminal Court with the intent to destroy all or part of a particular national, ethnic, racial or religious group. Ending discrimination against these groups requires that we support this diversity by promoting and enforcing human rights norms.

The present study is based on descriptive and analytical methods and based on library documents and sources, and in this regard, international regulations and Documents related to the crime of cultural genocide have been reviewed.

Findings and results of this study indicate that physical and biological measures are not the only way to destroy a group, but measures to cultural destruction of a group can be considered as cultural genocide. While a group may disappear without its members being killed. Cultural desegregation is the loss of the existential meaning of the culture of groups, and this through the total or partial destruction of groups and, in short, through the disappearance of tangible cultural heritage including books, art objects, religious monuments, cultural sites such as cities, schools, libraries, mosques , Churches, monasteries and other centers of worship and spiritual and intangible such as political and social institutions, language, art, literature, culture, spiritual traditions, customs, national feelings, religion and dignity of individuals belonging groups.

The bill to add a note to Article 5 of the “Law on Assessment and Admission of Students in Universities and Higher Education Centers of the Country” in order to impose a sentence of deprivation of education for people with a definite criminal conviction for organized crimes of human trafficking, moharebeh, and espionage. Therefore, the present study descriptively and analytically seeks to answer the question of whether convicts can be denied access to the right to education as an accessory punishment. Findings show that deprivation of education is not an example of deprivation of enumerated social rights in Article 26 of the Islamic Penal Code; the bill also violates domestic law and international documents to eliminate undue discrimination, provide fair access for all, equal civil, social and cultural rights, and the provision of higher education facilities.

The current development of suburban areas that do not have proper urban standards and services in terms of urban planning and on the other hand, due to special environmental conditions and lack of proper health facilities in these areas, the right to health of residents is facing serious challenges. Therefore, the present study explains the position of the right to health of marginalized citizens as a human right and examines the health and medical challenges and the commitment of governments to implement it.

This research is of theoretical type. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library by referring to documents.

 In all stages of writing the present study, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Findings indicate that marginalization is considered a way of life that is outside the city limits and without basic facilities for living; This poses challenges to the right to health of marginalized citizens and causes the spread of various infectious, non-communicable and environmental diseases. Considering that health is one of the components of human well-being, Thus, the rules of bioethics are threatened by the health challenges of marginalized citizens.

The right to health is a fundamental human right and, in accordance with the rules of biomedical and bio-social ethics, marginalized citizens deserve it as well as other citizens of society. Given the results, this faces challenges so must be addressed by governments in accordance with the requirements of domestic law and international instruments.

Judicial record is one of the incapacitating features of criminals, and criminal beneficial functions, as well which makes it possible, through identifying criminals’ records, to take appropriate measures in enforcing judicial decisions and in vetting individuals and keeping delinquents away from criminal occupatuion situations and in line with recovering and social readaptinon of conveicts. In this regard, the Judicial RecordRegulations have been created in order to include the judicial history of convicted persons in order to identify these persons. Creating a judicial record as a tool for the scientific detection of crimes will help us to administer justice as it deserves, a justice that, on the one hand, better corrects the perpetrator and, on the other hand, protects the community against lawbreakers. On the other hand, the institution of Judicial record faces legal and administrative challenges. The present article has been written based on a descriptive and analytical method and based on documents and library resources in order to study the legal and executive challenges of the Judiciary in Iranian law, based on the Judiciary Regulations approved in 1398. These challenges include the possibility of Judicial record for persons under 18 years of age according to the new regulations, the lack of a law to remove Judicial record, lack of access to Judicial record and the difficulty of steps and obtaining the cost of inquiries from criminal records and the impossibility of deleting Judicial record after passing of time.

The outbreak of Corona pandemic in late 1398 and its spread in 1399, in addition to health and medical dimensions, has had wide social, economic, political and legal dimensions. The most important of these dimensions is the impact on the health of certain groups, including prisoners; Meanwhile, the detention centers for defendants and convicts face serious challenges. The present study examines the challenges facing prisons and detention centers in the Corona pandemic and identifies mechanisms to address it.

This research is of theoretical type. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and referring to documents.

Given that inmates and others in related centers are most at risk for Covid-19 virus, the need to pay special attention to prisons and related centers and detention centers and how to manage them in the event of a corona pandemic requires the use of mechanisms. And special measures are taken according to the emergency situation.

Ethical considerations: 

In Order to Organize this Research, While Observing the Authenticity of the Texts, Honesty and Fidelity Have Been Observed.

Detainees charged with a crime and convicts who are in prison for a crime enjoy the same access to their basic rights as the right to health. Conditions in prisons and detention centers indicate that there is no necessary health infrastructure in prisons and detention centers, overcrowding in prisons and detention centers, lack of manpower in the field of health care in prisons, conducting clinical trials on prisoners, Problems related to the management system of prisons and penitentiary institutions and the lack of cooperation of prisoners and mental health problems of prisoners in the era of the corona pandemic are among the challenges facing the right to health of prisoners.