meysam noori khanyourdi

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of spiritual marketing and entrepreneurial orientation on sustainable competitive advantage through the mediation of marketing capabilities in sports complexes in Tehran province. The statistical population of the study was managers of sports complexes in Tehran province. According to the estimation of the research sample in the structural equation approach for each variable, 5 people were considered; from which 93 correct questionnaires were returned through simple random sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of more than 0.70. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic situation and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Also, all tests were analyzed using SPSS and PLS Smart software. The research findings showed that spiritual marketing has a positive and significant effect on sustainable competitive advantage directly and through marketing capabilities. Also, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive effect on sustainable competitive advantage directly and through marketing capability, and finally, the results showed that marketing capability has a positive and significant direct effect on sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, organizations that focus on spiritual marketing and have a strong entrepreneurial orientation can achieve sustainable competitive advantage by improving their marketing capabilities.

The aim of this study was to identify barriers to urban branding through sports The current research was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-survey implementation method, in terms of the place of data collection, it was field-library. The statistical population of the study was the faculty members in the fields of sports management, urban marketing, geography and urban planning, sports managers, city managers (municipal and provincial), sports coaches, sports heroes and students. Sampling In this study, 10 people were considered for each variable, and finally 322 correct questionnaires were returned. The instrument used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sports management experts; And then the reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity of the questionnaire were examined and confirmed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis in the form of SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 3 software. The results showed that barriers to urban branding through sports included 7 dimensions: socio-cultural, economic, political, media, sports infrastructure, urban infrastructure, and management. Also, the T-value and significance level were more than 1/96 and less than 0/05, respectively, and the standardized factor load value for all questions of the questionnaire was more than 0/4. Also, the results of the binomial test showed that with %95 probability, The 7 identified components can be considered as barriers to urban branding through sports. Given the importance and high potential of urban branding through education in the promotion and development of cities, managers and policy makers can ensure the success of cities by adopting appropriate strategies to remove the obstacles identified in this study.

Global crises have made the development of the national economy a major problem. One way to achieve economic development is to improve the commercialization mechanisms of academic research. Given the importance and position of universities, scientific centers, and academic research in meeting the needs of society and moving towards the production of capital from the knowledge produced in these centers, it is necessary to introduce mechanisms appropriate to the structural, environmental, and human conditions of these centers to commercialize academic research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a roadmap for the commercialization of scientific research in the field of sports. The present study was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical method, and qualitative in terms of the nature of the data. The research population of the study included faculty members of physical education faculties, university entrepreneurs in the field of sports, university inventors in the field of sports, experts of the National Elite Foundation, and graduate students. The sampling method in this study was purposeful and available. In the first stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 people from the statistical population and after theoretical saturation, the interviews were stopped and in the Delphi stage, 11 people were selected as the research sample. Due to the fact that the goal of the researchers was to design a process model, the Delphi political technique (three stages) was used. Based on the findings of this study, the process model of commercialization of academic research in the field of sports included 20 steps. Analysis of commercialization models in the world shows that environmental, structural and human conditions play important roles in commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary that the proposed model be a native model and suitable for the environmental conditions of Iran to be used in the strict sense of the word at the level of research and scientific centers. Therefore, the model presented in this research is compatible with the environmental and indigenous conditions of Iran and can be used as a basis for the commercialization of research in research and academic centers.

The income from the presence of spectators in the stadiums is one of the primary incomes of football teams. To increase this income, more spectators must enter the stadium. The physical quality of stadiums, such as cleanliness and hygiene, accessibility, safety, entertainment, parking, etc., is one of the most important factors that encourage spectators to watch live sports events. Therefore, knowing the impact of the physical quality of stadiums on the behavior of spectators is considered important for clubs and managers who intend to increase income. Therefore, in this research, the effect of the physical quality of football stadiums on the behavioral tendencies of the spectators has been investigated. The statistical population of the research included all the spectators of the premier football league matches; 325 people were selected by simple random sampling, and finally, 294 correct questionnaires were returned. The information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, which was obtained through interviews with experts (academic faculty members and sports managers) and library studies. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by using the opinions of sports experts and sports management professors (10 people) after applying their corrective opinions. The internal reliability of the questionnaire items was also reported by the researcher in an experimental study using Cronbach's alpha method for the stadium characteristics questionnaire (0.97) and satisfaction questionnaire (0.87) and for Willingness to return (0.88) and after ensuring The validity of the questionnaires was used using SPSS software in the descriptive and inferential statistics section, as well as Amos software to draw path analysis. The results showed that the characteristics of the stadium have a positive and significant effect on satisfaction; Also, the characteristics of the stadium have a positive and significant effect on the Willingness to return of spectators. In addition, satisfaction has a positive and significant on willingness to return. Finally, it is possible to confirm the mediating effect of satisfaction in the relationship between the characteristics of the stadium and Willingness to return at the 95% confidence level. Therefore, according to the importance of the presence of spectators in stadiums, sports managers should periodically assess the needs and evaluate the satisfaction of the spectators as well as the quality of the stadiums, and by removing the shortcomings, witness the maximum attendance of the spectators

The aim of this study aims to influence organizational identity, organizational commitment and turnover intention of ethical climate. This research was applied in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method, in terms of field-library data collection, in terms of how the research was conducted. The statistical population of the study was the staff of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of East Azerbaijan Province. The statistical sample-based on Morgan table was 178 people who were selected by simple random sampling. The measurement Instrument in this study was the Allen & Meyer's organizational commitment questionnaire (1990), the A tendency to leave the organization Flint (2013), Victor and Cullen ethical climate (2013), and the organizational identity of Ashforth and Mael (1992). Its face and content validity were confirmed by 10 sports management specialists; The reliability of the organizational identity questionnaires, ethical climate, turnover intention and organizational commitment were obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89, 0.87 0.92 and 0,88 respectively. For data analysis in the descriptive statistics section of the average and standard deviation by SPSS software 24, and in the inferential statistics section, structural equations were used to evaluate the causal relationships between variables using Lisrel Version 3 software. Findings showed that ethical climate has an effect on organizational commitment and organizational identity and there is a positive and significant relationship but its effect on the turnover intention of the service was not confirmed. Therefore, managers of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth should identify the factors affecting the moral climate in order to increase organizational identity and organizational commitment and reduce the turnover intention of the service.

the purpose of this study was to codify strategies for sports tourism development in Ardabil province based on SWOT and QSPM model.

This research was of type field research which was done Field-based and descriptive-analytical method. The research method was of the type mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the study consisted of all managers and experts of the General Department of Sports and Youth (80 people) and the Tourism and Heritage Department of Ardabil province (120 people) (N = 200); the sampling was taken as a whole. The data collection tool was made in the qualitative section of the open questionnaire and interviewed by experts and in the quantitative section of the researcher's questionnaire that validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 12 sports management professors and its reliability was calculated (α = 0/93). For codify and extraction of strategies, SWOT analysis was used to rank the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Friedman Ranking Test.

The results showed that in strengths of the subfactor "insurance of athletes' events" are of the highest importance and in the weak section of the subfactor "low utilization of experiences in the development of cross-sport and tourism" as the highest point of weakness from the viewpoint of respondents was selected and in the Opportunities section of the subfactor, "The presence of highly trained and capable guides in attracting foreign sports tourists" is of the highest importance and in the threats section of the subfactor, "the Shortage of comprehensive and coordinated program for the development of sport tourism" was selected as the highest case that threatens the tourism industry in Ardabil province.

In order to develop sports tourism in Ardabil province, providing quality and better services to athletes, benefiting from the experiences of other cities and countries, making maximum use of experts, and developing applications and operational plans can greatly contribute to the development of tourism in Ardabil province.

Today, the importance of the sport tourism industry, and especially the nature of tourism, has reached the level that has become the world's largest service industry, and millions of sports tourisms are moving around and traveling around the globe every year, with various motivations. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological potential of the Mianeh city to develop sport tourism activities by using of GIS.

The data layers needed in the city range were collected, and the layers related to superior areas for sport tourism were identified and created. For this purpose, factors required to develop each of the following sports named climbing and caving, naturopathy, water sports, winter sports, hunting and fishing, hiking and ecotourism were identified first. Then, in accordance to the same factors, the superior areas for developing each of the sport activities were recognized. Finally, after modulation and combination of data layers, final plan was developed for the superior areas for sport ecotourism in Mianeh city.

Checking the different data layers of Mianeh city showed that this study showed that this city has a high potential for sport tourism development in climbing and camping, naturopathy, water sports, winter sports, hunting and fishing, hiking and ecotourism athletic fields.

The custodians of the tourism and sports, can help to develop sport tourism of Mianeh, with new politics and short term or long-term planning by putting these opportunities under consideration

The aim of this study was to identify the commercialization achievements of academic research findings in the field of sport.

The present research was exploratory-applied in terms of purpose, and field-library in terms of data collection place. The statistical population of the study was the Sports Science faculty members, university entrepreneurs, university inventors, and graduate students in the field of sports. Sampling In this study, 10 people were considered for each variable, and finally, 235 correct questionnaires were returned. The instrument used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire. Reliability (Cronbach's Alpha and Composite Reliability), convergent validity, and divergent validity of the questionnaire were reviewed and confirmed by 10 sports management experts after confirming the content validity. To assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics in the form of SPSS24 and Smart PLS3 software were used.

The results showed that commercialization achievements were classified into three components: individual, organizational and professional achievement.

Therefore, awareness of the achievements of commercialization of academic research will not only encourage researchers to commercialize their research but will also make stakeholders invest in the commercialization of academic research.

The objective of this study was to analyze barriers to entrepreneurship in sport from the perspective of students, faculty members, and sports managers in Tehran. The present study was applied in nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of all graduate students, faculty members, and sports managers in Tehran. The sample size was estimated via Morgan's Table to include 332 participants who were selected via random and convenience sampling techniques. A modified standard questionnaire was the research instrument. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were reviewed and confirmed by sport management professors and the reliability of the questionnaires was 0.92 using Cronbach's alpha. The results showed a significant difference between the selected groups in structural and environmental components (p <0.001, F = 5.034 and 6.463). However, there was no significant difference between the selected groups in the behavioral component (p> 0.001, F = 1.103). According to the results of this study, attempting to provide initial capital for sports entrepreneurship, formulating functional policies in the field of sports businesses, implementing sports entrepreneurship training programs in scientific centers, developing sports business culture, stability in-laws, and regulation for the development of sports businesses and managerial stability and efforts to increase self-efficacy and self-confidence can help develop sports entrepreneurship and remove barriers.

Commercialization is one of the key steps in the process of economic and social development of societies making research and inventions of the marketable products. Today, the universities, and within them, the competence of the faculty members play an important role in the economic development and commercialization of the research works. Competence of the faculty members is also an important factor in the student success. Therefore, the lack of skills and competencies required by the faculty members can affect their performance and that of the students. Therefore, this work is conducted in order to identify the competencies of the faculty members in the commercialization of the research works. In order to achieve these competencies, a qualitative approach (grounded theory approach-Glaser method) and 19 semi-structured interviews are used. The results obtained show that the core competencies of the faculty members include 74 concepts, 11 categories, and 5 dimensions. Using the findings of this work, the rate of return on investment in the academic research will increase, and as a result, the private sector will be attracted to investing in this area.

The faculty members are now one of the key elements in the universities and higher education institutions. The future development of the universities depends on the competencies of the faculty members. Therefore, the aim of this work was to design a model of core competencies of the faculty members in the commercialization of academic research in the field of sports.

This work was a qualitative research work in the field of interpretive-constructive paradigm. In the present work, a semi-structured interview was used as a data collection tool. The statistical population of the work included the faculty members of the physical education colleges, academic entrepreneurs, academic inventors in the field of sports, and the faculty members who are members of the National Elite Foundation. The sampling was performed using the theoretical sampling and targeted judgment. Results The results obtained showed that the faculty members required communication, behavioral and technical personality, value, strategic, creative, professional, leadership, financial management, and market recognition competencies to commercialize.

The higher education system of any society, in order to fulfill its mission, must have qualified and capable professors and human resources in order to be able to show an effective performance in the educational and research processes. To this end, paying attention to the competencies developed in this research work and creating the ground for attracting, developing, guiding, and promoting professors based on these competencies can be very effective and efficient.

The Survival of the sports shops depends on attracting and maintaining a sufficient number of customers. The recognition of the reasons for attracting and switching customers is very important. The purpose of this study was to introduce a structural model for customers switching from sports shops. The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research was the customers of Tehran sports shops, who bought from the region of Moniriyeh. Among which 337 individuals were selected with a simple random method based on the Morgan's table. The standard questionnaire designed by Emadi et al (2014) was used to collect data. The content validity of the questionnaire was approved by ten sports management experts. In a pilot study to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire 30 questionnaires were distributed and Cronbach's alpha of 0.93 was obtained. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the functional dimension of the factor load of 0.87، the indifference dimensions with the factor load of 0.85, the basic dimension of the factor load of 0.68, and the motivational dimension with the factor load of 0.59 had the most effect on customers switching. Also, in the fundamental aspect, poor quality of the goods of the shop with the factor load of 0.82; in functional dimension, the lack of convenient and convenient access to the store with the factor load of 0.94; in the motivational dimension, unreasonable price of the goods of the shop with the factor load of 0.86 and in the indifferent dimension, Inappropriate advertising for the store in the city with the factor load of 0.87 were the most important component of customer loss from sports shops. Overall, we conclude that managers must always understand the factors affecting their customer switching and try to reduce them in order to compete with other competitors to achieve competitive advantage and have more loyal customers.

One of the functions of urban planners is to focus on the locating of infrastructure, especially sports infrastructure. In locating this type of infrastructure is necessary to considering various factors, including environmental factors. According to importance of subject has been investigated in this study for determining the appropriate directions for the development of sporting facilities and infrastructures in Tabriz city.

In this research has been used the combination model of AHP and WLC. First, with using the library studies and experts' opinions, it's been chosen the parameters necessary to locate sports facilities (distance from communication, distance from sports, land use, elevation, slope, tilt, lithology, and fault) then, with using the AHP model and expert opinions were weighed these parameters. Finally, it used the IDRISI software combines together with the WLC model.

The results of the study indicate that the city of Tabriz faces environmental constraints with many constraints to develop infrastructure, especially sport infrastructure. The final result of zoning also indicates that for the desired purposes, the northern areas of Tabriz city have the lowest proportion, and the marginal areas of this city have the highest proportion.

Due to the geomorphological condition of Tabriz city it is necessary to pay attention to related parameters. In the development of infrastructure, especially sport infrastructure, the parameters of the present study should be considered in order to minimize the costs of preventing the risks of infrastructure advancement.

A sports urban brand can create new jobs and incomes in the host community ;therefore identification of factors influencing sports urban development and the development of communication of the involved variables is essential. the purpose of this research is to use the grounded theory approach to design a sports urban model. This research is a qualitative research in the field of inductive paradigm. In the present study, the semi-structured interview was used as a data gathering Instrument which data was analyzed using open source, axial and theoretical coding. Sampling was performed using judgmental sampling method and was followed up to theoretical saturation, which included a total of 15 interviewees. The results of the qualitative section showed that for the urban sports development of sport, four components and 72 factors should be considered, which include: factors related to urban infrastructure with 35 factors, factors related to sports events with 24 factors, Factors Related to media marketing with 5 factors and tourism-related factors with 8 factors. The country's sports managers and urban officials can build a modern urban environment based on urban branding, in order to benefit the citizens from its material and spiritual benefits.