minshawy

In the present study, the toxicity of three oxygenated monoterpenes, viz., (R)-carvone, (R)-camphor and (1R, 2S, 5R)-menthol was evaluated against the adults of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). Effects of these monoterpenes on oviposition, adult longevity and ovarian development have also been studied. The tested compounds revealed strong toxic effect against the adults of B. zonata. Nevertheless, (-)-carvone showed higher insecticidal activity than (1R, 2S, 5R)-menthol and (R)-camphor. Moreover, the tested monoterpenes induced significant reduction in female longevity at 20 and 50 mg/kg compared with control, with (-)-carvone being the most effective monoterpene. In addition, egg deposition was completely inhibited when the adults were treated with (-)-carvone at 20 and 50 mg/kg, and (1R, 2S, 5R)-menthol and (R)-camphor at 50 mg/kg. Histological studies indicated that monoterpenes induced delay in the development of ovarioles of females that fed on artificial diet treated with 20 and 50 mg/kg of compounds. Changes, such as empty egg chambers; constricted germarium, vacant spaces between ovarioles and failure of oocyte formation were observed.

Assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best index of kidney functions. We aimed to determine the accuracy of El-Minia equation for estimation of GFR in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the El-Minia population of CKD patients، in comparison to other proposed equations. The study included 320 isotopic GFR measurements by 99m-Tc technetium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid. Patients were categorized into the five CKD stages based on this measurement، and estimated GFRs based on the El-Minia، Cockroft-Gault، Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration، Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)، abbreviated MDRD، Walser، Nankivell، Cockcroft-Gault، and Mayo Clinic equations were validated using the National Kidney Foundation guidelines. The El-Minia Equation showed the best performance in all 5 stages of CKD، except for stage 1، in which the Cockroft-Gault equation showed the best performance (44% within ± 10% error). In addition، the El-Minia equation provided the best accuracy to classify CKD stages، except for stage 4، in which the MDRD gave the best accuracy (82%). Worsening of the accuracy was documented in all the eight equations with more severe stages of kidney disease. These results were not significantly changed when the analyses were restricted to diabetic patients. The El-Minia equation represents a better estimation of GFR in all stages of CKD than other published equations for CKD patients in El-Minia، Egypt. This equation was the best one for classification of CKD in these patients.