mir davood hoseiny

The income from the presence of spectators in the stadiums is one of the primary incomes of football teams. To increase this income, more spectators must enter the stadium. The physical quality of stadiums, such as cleanliness and hygiene, accessibility, safety, entertainment, parking, etc., is one of the most important factors that encourage spectators to watch live sports events. Therefore, knowing the impact of the physical quality of stadiums on the behavior of spectators is considered important for clubs and managers who intend to increase income. Therefore, in this research, the effect of the physical quality of football stadiums on the behavioral tendencies of the spectators has been investigated. The statistical population of the research included all the spectators of the premier football league matches; 325 people were selected by simple random sampling, and finally, 294 correct questionnaires were returned. The information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, which was obtained through interviews with experts (academic faculty members and sports managers) and library studies. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by using the opinions of sports experts and sports management professors (10 people) after applying their corrective opinions. The internal reliability of the questionnaire items was also reported by the researcher in an experimental study using Cronbach's alpha method for the stadium characteristics questionnaire (0.97) and satisfaction questionnaire (0.87) and for Willingness to return (0.88) and after ensuring The validity of the questionnaires was used using SPSS software in the descriptive and inferential statistics section, as well as Amos software to draw path analysis. The results showed that the characteristics of the stadium have a positive and significant effect on satisfaction; Also, the characteristics of the stadium have a positive and significant effect on the Willingness to return of spectators. In addition, satisfaction has a positive and significant on willingness to return. Finally, it is possible to confirm the mediating effect of satisfaction in the relationship between the characteristics of the stadium and Willingness to return at the 95% confidence level. Therefore, according to the importance of the presence of spectators in stadiums, sports managers should periodically assess the needs and evaluate the satisfaction of the spectators as well as the quality of the stadiums, and by removing the shortcomings, witness the maximum attendance of the spectators

Sports clubs primarily have the task of strengthening sports participation, creating a safe and accessible environment for all members of society, and must ensure that the public is economically and legally responsible and healthy. Also, for sports clubs to be recognized as socially responsible organizations, their focus must be on fulfilling commitments that have a significant impact on their community. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the social responsibility of sports clubs during the outbreak of Covid-19 virus.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical method, and qualitative-quantitative in terms of the nature of the data. The statistical population of this study included faculty members of sports management, sports managers, sports coaches, and athletes. The sampling method in this study was purposeful and available.

The results showed that sports clubs should take 34 social responsibilities in critical situations, especially the crisis of the Covid-19 virus outbreak.

Because clubs are competing to attract customers and succeed in the local and national markets, sports clubs must prioritize and fulfill these responsibilities in order to have a competitive advantage and succeed.

The study aimed at designing the model of the effect of physical environment of sport facilities (aesthetics and access) on customer behavioral intentions considering the mediating role of the emotions. The method was descriptive-survey and applied in terms of objectives. Firstly, a questionnaire with 30 items was developed considering the research variables. Face validity was confirmed by 7 sport management professor and content validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for aesthetic constructs (0.91), access (0.70), positive emotions (0.90) and behavioral intentions (0.87). The statistical population of the study included 390 customers of swimming pools in Tabriz city and 245 questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that both components of the physical environment, namely, aesthetics and access, and positive emotions directly influenced the behavioral intentions. Furthermore, based on these findings, the indirect effect of aesthetics and access through positive emotions on behavioral intentions was significant. That is to say the aesthetics and access to sport facilities can influence customer behavioral intentions through creating positive emotions. Therefore, it can be concluded that those facilities that are aesthetic and more accessible create better and more positive emotions in the minds of customers and the result is an effect on behavioral intentions and reuse of those sport facilities.