mirzaeian

Psychological capital is one of the positive psychological indices that is defined by the characteristics of optimism, perseverance, positive self-efficacy, and tolerance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on psychological capital in cardiovascular patients in Babol.
This cross-sectional study was performed among 24 cardiovascular patients who referred to governmental and non-governmental medical centers of Babol in two groups of 12 based on pretest-posttest design. The therapy based on acceptance and commitment was performed for the experimental group in 8 sessions. Participants were re-evaluated one month after the sessions, and psychological capital was evaluated according to self-efficacy, hope, tolerance and optimism subscales.
FINDINGS: The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the subscales of the psychological capital in the experimental and control groups in tolerance (3.53±0.48 vs. 2.88±0.67) (p6.03) and optimism (40.6±0.56 vs. 2.94±0.66) (p>26.459).
The present study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy could be considered as an effective intervention in increasing the psychological capital of cardiovascular patients.

One of major concerns of human beings regardless of their religion or school of thought is to observe ethical issues. This paper discusses the issue and lays emphasis on observing ethical matters in teaching in virtual learning environments in general and computer assisted language learning in particular. The paper tries to throw light on the current status of observing ethical issues in virtual learning environments and drawing both instructors and students’ attention to this issue. The research has been conducted by using two questionnaires one given to students and the other to instructors. Data analysis revealed that majority of instructors observed ethical issues when confronted with students’ personal details. Students were most sensitive regarding disclosing their personal photos in these virtual environments; however, they were comfortable if their personal details were controlled by the instructors. The Chi-Square test showed no substantial difference between gender and observing ethical issues in virtual learning environments.

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world as well as in Iran. Identifying the farmer's perceptions about skin cancer might be effective in the design of intervention programs for preventing it. Therefore, this study aimed to survey the threat appraisal to skin cancer in the farmers of the Chaldoran County in Iran.
In this cross-sectional study, 238 subjects were selected from the farmers’ rural regions by multistage random sampling. To collect the data, a reliable and valid questionnaire based on protection motivation theory structures was used. Descriptive statistics (frequency, relative Frequency, mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (One Way ANOVA) was used to analyze the date. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05.
The mean ± standard deviation age of participants was 35.40±8.79 years old. A statistically significant association between perceived threat with education level (p=0.001) and threat appraisal with education (p=0.04) was observed (p The findings of this study indicated that farmers did not consider themselves to be vulnerable to skin cancer. Therefore, design and implementations of appropriate intervention programs to inform the farmers seems essential in the relevant field.

Abstract Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is defined as a set of physical and psychological symptoms that occur during the Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Among this complaint, anxiety is more common and aversive. This study was designed to reduce anxiety through comparison of the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy and group cognitive hypnotism in women with premenstrual syndrome. The study was done using semi-experimental method on women and girls who were referred to 12 Health centers of Rasht city in 2013. Available sampling was used and 30 women with premenstrual syndrome were selected and divided into 3 groups of 2 experimental groups and 1 control group randomly. The first experimental group, received 8-week group cognitive behavioral therapy, and the second group received hypnosis cognitive therapy group. The third group received no special treatment: 8 item Premenstrual syndrome inventory and the Beck’s questionnaires anxiety were used in pre-test and Post- test. Data were analysed using covariance analysis and Tukey. The results show both therapies were effective on reducing anxiety in women with PMS (p<0/001). Also, CBGT, in comparison with hypnotism group was not different in reducing anxiety signtificantly in women with PMS. The results showed that psychological therapies were effective for Premenstrual syndrome and given their fewer complications, such therapies are more recommended than the medication treatment. In addition, considering similar effectiveness of CBGT and hypnotherapy, using the latter as a substitute for CBGT is recommended, especially in women’s diseases.

The present study was carried out to determine whether Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs could affect lesions caused by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)، aspirin and celecoxib. Thirty asymptomatic mixed-breed dogs were used for this study. Gastric biopsies were taken via gastroscopy and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid urease tests (RUT). Helicobacter spp. was detected in all specimens. The infection was completely eradicated in 15 dogs by a three-drug regimen for 21days (amoxicillin، clarithromycin and omeprazole). Each Helicobacter-positive and -negative group was then divided into three subgroups treated with aspirin، celecoxib and placebo for 14 days. Dogs in the different subgroups were compared by sequential gastroscopy on days 0، 3، 7، 14 and 21 (a week after drug cessation). The results show that selective COX-2 inhibitors are better tolerated than conventional non-selective NSAIDs in dogs in terms of their side effects; however، these drugs should be administeredwith caution. Unlike what is advised in medical practices in humans، it seems that the eradication of non-pylori Helicobacter spp. from the stomach is not necessary prior to administrating NSAIDs in dogs.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as one of the most common disorders of the central nervous system, is accompanied by various cognitive problems. About 50-60% of MS patients are involve with cognitive problems and this is the main factor leading to their job loss and decreasing their quality of life. The current survey aimed to compare high cognitive processes in MS patients and normal individuals.
Among the 1293 members of MS association in Mazandaran province in 2011, 44 patients (22 females and 22 males) were selected non randomly (biased sampling). Also, 44 individuals who were matched with the patients regarding sex, age, and education level were considered as the control group. The exclusion criteria of the study were depression, lack of computer knowledge, and EDSS>4. In order to assess higher cognitive processes, London tower test was used in which, the number of errors, total test time, and delay time were evaluated. The data were analyzed using independent t-test.
The results revealed a significant difference between the MS and control groups regarding the number of trials made for solving the problems. Besides, the number of errors was higher in the patients group (12.73.90) compared to the control group (6.48.49) (P Among the variables evaluated using London tower test, decrease in the speed of data analysis was the major cognitive impairment in MS patients.

The lack of self-care as a mo-difiable risk factor in some health condition such as coronary artery disease, cancer, obesity and osteoporosis has become a key issue in public health. Researchers have shown that self-care levels are dramatically decreased from adolescence to adulthood. Therefore, paying attention to self-care is importance during youth period. Since the students of universities are a large young population, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the self-care status among students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Tabriz University. This research was a descriptive and comparative study that was conducted on 384 medical and 384 non medical students of Tabriz universities. Information about demographic features and self-care condition variables were col-lected via questionnaires. Data were ana-lyzed by using the statistical tests, inde-pendent t -test and ANOVA. Our finding showed that the self-care level was moderate in the most of students. A minority of students had a good level of self-car. Independent t-test demo-nstrated a statistically significant difference of self care among the students (p<0.01). Results also showed that some social chara-cteristics of students have a significant effe-ct on their self care status. Discussion & Considering that the majority of students had a low to mo-derate level of self-care, the authorities mu-st providing effective approaches to create motivation among students and assign faci-lities for universities to increase their level of cares in young students, and provide a better future for the construction of society.

Overweight and obesity along with life style, increasing urbanization and low physical activity are the major factors influencing prevalence of chronic diseases. Unawareness of citizens as well as inappropriate diet is the etiologic factors of being obese. The aim of this study reviews effects training weight management and obesity prevention on knowledge of clients coming to Neighborhood Health Houses in the city of Tehran. This is a quasi-experimental study. 150 clients coming to Health House was randomly selected. The data was collected by questionnaire; the questions divided into 4 parts: demographic information of clients, psychological knowledge of clients, client’s knowledge of the etiologic causes of obesity and various treatment of weight management, client’s knowledge of sport medicine. The questionnaires in 2 steps before and after training were completed. Educational program was performed as face to face training using whiteboard, questioning and answering and providing some educational material. Data analyzing was done by SPSS and test-paired. Performing educational program has significantly influenced on knowledge of the clients. In all indexes mean of samples was more after training. Level of significance was less than 0.05. Weight management training had a significant effect on client’s knowledge. It is necessary to extend these programs.

Many models have been proposed to predict the mechanical behavior of rock joints، but precise evaluation of effective roughness coefficient has been the most important limitation of these models. Geometry of asperities greatly influences the joint mechanical behavior، and these effects must be estimated by reliable and applicable methods. This paper deals with a method، which characterizes the rock joint surface in terms of roughness based on multi-scale decomposition using wavelet theory. Wavelet decomposition allows for distinguishing the small-scale and large-scale components of a wave. Here، joint geometryies is considered as a wave، and its roughness and undulation are regarded attributed to as the small-scale and large-scale components، respectively. Different scales of upper and lower joint surface roughness have been combined to produce the composite surface having asperities characteristics of both joint surface. Thus، the contribution of two surface components of the joint was considered separately in the shear strength criterion. It was found that peak shear strength is mainly influenced by both roughness and undulation، but the residual shear strength and dilation are mainly influenced by the undulation. The proposed shear model is capable ofhas capability to quantifying tative consideration of the roughness and undulation and helps to well understanding and modeling of the shear mechanism. The experimental test results verified the shear model predictions. results are well verified by comparison with experimental test results.

The Direct Torque Control (DTC) of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) offers simple structure and fast torque response. The conventional Switching Table-based DTC (ST-DTC) presents some disadvantages like high torque and flux ripple and also variable switching frequency. This paper investigates the improved ST-DTC strategies to reduce both torque and flux ripple in DTC of IPMSM with emphasis on structure simplicity and fast dynamics. New switching table with only two active vectors for each sector is introduced and the torque control hysteresis band is replaced by duty cycle calculation unit. For flux ripple reduction, conventional hysteresis-based controller is replaced by simple dithering technique. The duty cycle calculation unit is implemented to operate on each selected vector with the aim of torque ripple RMS minimization. The increase of switching frequency in ST-DTC because of delay in torque and flux estimation process, actually, is not possible; even when hysteresis bands are sufficiently diminished. This paper incorporates the combination of duty cycle modulated DTC and dithering technique to enlarge switching frequency. It therefore provides smoother waveform concurrently for the motor torque and the flux. In the proposed method waveform comparison structure for duty cycle calculation is used; hence, the merits of classical ST-DTC, such as fast dynamic and simple structure, are mostly preserved

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran and has a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to assess the association between folate and vitamin B12 intake and risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus cancer. In this case-control study, cases (n=47) were patients diagnosed with squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) in main hospital Kurdistan and controls (matched with cases by age and sex) were patients with acute non-cancer diseases at the same hospitals (n=96). Demographic data and physical activity were collected using questionnaires. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire used for nutritional information and folate and vitamin B12 intake were calculated with Nutritionst IV (N4). Thirty eight percent of cases and 40% of controls were males. Mean age of cases and controls were 58±18 and 58±17 years respectively. Mean folate intake among cases was 152.1 μg/day, which was less than in the controls. After adjustment for confounders, folate intake was inversely related with SCCE (OR=0.03, 95% CI 0.00, 0.12). The association between vitamin B12 intake and SCCE was not significant (p=0.46). Folate intake was inversely related with SCCE: however, there was not a significant association between vitamin B12 intake and SCCE.

In this paper, the new version of differential quadrature method (DQM), for calculation of the buckling coefficient of rectangular plates is considered. At first the differential equations governing plates have been calculated. Later based on the new version of differential quadrature method, the existing derivatives in equation are converted to the amounts of function in the grid points inside the region. Having done that, the equation will be converted to an eigen value problem and the buckling coefficient is obtained. Solving this problem requires two kinds of loading: (1) unaxial half-cosine distributed compressive load and (2) uni-axial linearly varied compressive load. Having considered the answering in this case and the analysis of the effect of number of grid points on the solution of the problem, the accuracy of answering is considered, and also the effect of power law index over the buckling coefficient is investigated. Finally, if the case is an isotropic type, the results will be compared with the existing literature.

Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) have been developed to reduce tendency for wheel lock and improve vehicle control during sudden braking especially on slippery road surfaces. The objective of such control is to increase wheel tractive force in the desired direction while maintaining adequate vehicle stability and steerability and also reducing the vehicle stopping distance. In this paper, a genetic-fuzzy ABS controller is designed. The objective function is defined to maintain wheel slip to a desired level so that maximum wheel tractive force and maximum vehicle deceleration are obtained. All parameters of membership functions and rules of the fuzzy system that is Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) type are obtained using a genetic algorithm. Simulation results show very good performance of the controller for different road conditions.

In this paper a fuzzy expert system for predicting the performance of a switched reluctance motor has been developed. The design vector consists of design parameters, and output performance variables are efficiency and torque ripple. An accurate analysis program based on Improved Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (IMEC) method has been used to generate the input-output data. These input-output data is used to produce the initial fuzzy rules for predicting the performance of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM). The initial set of fuzzy rules with triangular membership functions has been devised using a table look-up scheme. The initial fuzzy rules have been optimized to a set of fuzzy rules with Gaussian membership functions using gradient descent training scheme. The performance prediction results for a 6/8, 4kw, SR motor shows good agreement with the results obtained from IMEC method or Finite Element (FE) analysis. The developed fuzzy expert system can be used for fast prediction of motor performance in the optimal design process or on-line control schemes of SR motor.