mohammad ghafari

This research was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model of academic enthusiasm based on career future and self-perception with the mediating role of academic resilience in Nowshahr University of Marine Sciences students. The current research was part of basic research in terms of its purpose, and in terms of method, it was a structural equation type correlation study. The statistical population in this research included all the students of Imam Khomeini University of Marine Sciences in Nowshahr in the academic year of 1403-1404, numbering 320 people. Among them, 150 people were selected by non-random and available sampling method. The data were collected by Fredriks et al.'s (2004), Tarvirdizadeh et al.'s (2016), Harter's self-perception (1989) and Samuels' (2014) academic resilience questionnaires. The data obtained from the research were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and Amos-18 and the statistical method of Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The findings showed that career future could indirectly predict academic enthusiasm through academic resilience. Also, self-perception could predict academic enthusiasm both directly and indirectly through academic resilience (p<0.001).

Based on the results of the research, it can be said that the variables of future career, self-perception and academic resilience can play an important role in academic enthusiasm and the need to pay attention to these important variables in dropout prevention programs should be considered

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between knowledge management, spiritual intelligence and social anomie (work procrastination) with organizational innovation of Imam Khomeini University of Marine Sciences (RA) Nowshahr. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all employees of Imam Khomeini University of Marine Sciences (RA) Nowshahr, numbering 246 people. The sample size was estimated to be 150 people based on the simple random sampling method and Cochran's formula. Data collection tools included Chen et al.'s knowledge management questionnaire (2011), Abdullahzadeh's spiritual intelligence (2013), Takman's procrastination (2001) and Shepherd's organizational innovation (2013). The face validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by management experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained through Cronbach's alpha for organizational innovation 0.86, knowledge management 0.76, spiritual intelligence 0.77, procrastination 0.75. Two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge management and spiritual intelligence with organizational innovation and a negative relationship between social anomie (procrastination) and organizational innovation. Also, the results showed that knowledge management, spiritual intelligence and social anomie have the ability to predict employees' organizational innovation.

Quantum computers have much more computing power than classical computers and this has created a challenge in the field of public-key cryptography algorithms, which is predicted quantum computers will reach the computational power to break existing public-key cryptography algorithms by 2030. To solve this problem, NIST published a call for post-quantum cryptography algorithms. Implementing these algorithms faces challenges such as execution time and resources. One of the algorithms that made it to the third round is the CRYSTALS-KYBER algorithm. In this algorithm, by optimizing the NTT module, the execution time is reduced. Usually, the implementation of NTT is created with radix-2, but in the proposed method, radix-4 is used, and this reduces the execution time. Changes to NTT are required to implement radix-4 NTT. DIT is used to implement NTT and DIF is used to implement INTT. In NTT and INTT formulas changes are made to the twiddle factors and the values of the twiddle factors stored to the ROM. In the following, we compared radix-4 butterfly unit with radix-2 butterfly unit. By reusing results in CT and GS butterfly units, we need four multiplications, additions, and subtractions, and the structure of radix-4 butterfly unit is mentioned. The memory unit uses eight RAMs to increase read and write speeds, four of which are for writing and the remaining four are for reading. It is also necessary to make corrections to the NTT parameters which are suitable for implementation on Kyber. Next, we implemented the proposed method on two FPGA Artix-7 and Virtex-7 using Vivado software. In the implementation on Artix-7 and Virtex-7 in exchange for a slight increase in the resources, the execution time in Artix-7 is reduced by 28.74% and 12.34% compared to similar implementations.

Brand citizenship behavior is one of the new concepts in branding with emphasis on the role of employees. This study aims to provide a model for development of brand citizenship behavior in a way that is compatible with the local environment of medical tourism in Iran.

The present qualitative research is based on the systematic database method. The required data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 experts in medical tourism and academic experts using judgmental, snowball, and accessible sampling methods, following the saturation rule. Data analysis was done using the Strauss and Corbin model and in three stages of open, central and selective coding.

The results indicated that the causal conditions of factors related to employees, organization and medical tourism and intervening factors of organizational structure, management performance, characteristics of the treatment industry, environmental factors, career history and quality of personal life in the framework of social capital of the organization, organizational justice, quality of work life, competitive atmosphere of the work environment, and social responsibility of the organization form the central phenomenon and it is implemented with human resources support strategies and comprehensive planning of marketing and branding, and affects the medicine, organization, employees and  has extra-organizational results.

The model obtained from this research shows the influence of several factors in the formation of brand citizenship behavior of medical staff, which, if paid attention to by managers, will lead to the satisfaction and attraction of tourists and gain a competitive advantage.

Due to the comprehensiveness of educational topics and mastery of various scientific topics, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology on the one hand, and management, business and economics on the other, pharmacists have a significant ability to perform various tasks in the healthcare system. In the meantime, pharmacists who are exposed to military training, as well as how to deal with various emergencies, have many more capabilities than the civil ones. Since it seems that this capability is less used in the health care system of the armed forces of the country, examples of these capabilities have been compiled at different levels of the health care system of the armed forces and have been put into experts’ judgment, which is presented in this article.

First, based on published texts and in consultation with six experts in the field of military pharmacy, 10 general levels in the health system of the Armed Forces were considered to express the activities of military pharmacists, and for each level, 10 general roles, activities or tasks were identified and Compiled. The titles of the questionnaire were prepared for consultation with experts, managers, and experienced people, and after checking the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, it was sent to the target group of 30 people separately. After collection, views, and comments were reviewed and analyzed.

Examination of the obtained opinions showed that out of a total of one hundred titles of role, activity, and task, 15 titles in more than 90%, 25 titles in more than 80%, 30 titles in more than 70%, 28 titles in more than 60%, and the remaining two titles in more than 50% of cases received "strongly agree" comments. Only two of the titles received more than 10 percent (and less than 20 percent) "disagree" opinions. Other comments are "somewhat agreeable". Examining the answers to the open-ended questions, which provided some explanations, also indicated the approval and acceptance of the presented materials.

According to the published texts and the use of experts with experimental and managerial scientific backgrounds in designing and compiling one hundred titles of role, activity, and duty of military pharmacists in ten general levels in the Armed Forces health system and the obtaining of positive results from 30 experts in the field of health and treatment of the armed forces, all these one hundred roles, activities, and tasks were accepted as an example of what pharmacists can take on throughout the healthcare system of the armed forces and can be used as a guide for increasing the effectiveness of pharmacists in the armed forces of the country.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of oralcommunication on consumer purchasing behavior. In this regard, the role of mediator of emotions, social norms and attitudes has been studied.This is an applied and descriptive research in terms of goal and nature respectively.The method is survey in terms of collecting information. The statistical population of the study consisted of customers of automobile departments in Isfahan city. Using Cochran's relationship,384 questionnaires were distributed randomly among them. Reliability of the research tool and composite reliability for all variables were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha.Content validity and structure of the data collection tool were also confirmed.The findings, using structural equation modeling and PLS software,showed that the oral communication variable in the context of social networking among the car agency customers has a significant effect on their intention to purchase them. Also, oral communication has a significant positive, direct effect on emotional variables, shopping attitude and social norms, respectively with a significant amount of20/19,20/32and139/13.Also, the results of the research hypothesis test indicate that the variables of social norms and shopping attitudes have a significant effect on customer intent, but the emotional variables have no significant effect on the intention to buy car customers.

Perceived value in higher education means anticipating student satisfaction with the usefulness of the services received and the brand, as an important communication tool in the customer relationship management suite that acts as an aggressive marketing tactic to gain new customers. The aim of this article was to investigate the effect of perceptual values ​​of university candidates on brand acceptance of entrepreneurial university. The data collection tools, for perceptual values ​​is a standard questionnaire (Isaac Kwasi, 2015) with 36 questions and for branding is the questionnaire by Davidi (2015) with 17 questions. The population under investigation was the volunteers of Imam Khomeni Naval Academy in 1397. 384 people were selected due to the infinity of the statistical population through convenience non random sampling method. Therefore, it can be said that the indicators used are significantly consistent with the research infrastructure and all indicators have been selected correctly.

Given the advancements in information and communication technologies, many tourists prefer to collect tourism destination information through electronic word-of-mouth communications. This paper aimed to present a model for investigating the effect of online word-of-mouth communications on travel intention. The statistical population of this study included inbound tourists who traveled to Tehran in September 2016. A sample of 200 tourists was selected conveniently. To collect data, a researcher-developed questionnaire (including 24 questions) was used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were examined and confirmed. Findings showed that online word-of-mouth communications affected tourism destination image and that tourism destination image significantly affected both the trust in tourism destination and the intention to travel. The trust in tourism destination significantly affected the travel intention for the destination. Also, online word-of-mouth communications had significant effects on the trust in tourism destination and the travel intention directly and indirectly.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social responsibility, internal marketing and organizational justice on the employees’ turnover intentions in Yazd University.   This paper is an applied and descriptive research .The Statistical population is composed of employees of Yazd University. 300 questionnaires were distributed randomly among employees of Yazd University. In order to collect the research data, a questionnaire was developed.  The validity of questionnaire was examined and confirmed through AVE and content validity. Also the reliability of questionnaire was examined through Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. In this paper SPSS and PLS software has been used for data analysis. The results of this study showed that social responsibility, internal marketing and organizational justice have a negative and significant effect on turnover intentions and have a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Also, the findings showed that organizational commitment has a negative and significant effect on the employees’ turnover intentions in Yazd University.

In the present study, the solvent-solvent extraction of phenazine 1-carboxylic acid (PCA) as an environmentally friendly antifouling agent from pseudomonas aeruginosa MUT3 culture was investigated. Accordingly, after screening the extraction ability of various solvents, the combined effects of operating parameters such as solvent type (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane), solvent percent and mixing time on the PCA extraction process were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). As a consequence, ethyl acetate showed higher extraction yield (68%) and the optimum condition for PCA extraction were identified as 150% of solvent and 120 min mixing time. Meanwhile, the extraction yields for dichloromethane and n-hexane were measured by HPLC assay around 48.75 and 25.2%, respectively. The accuracy of the obtained model was proved by 99.90% R2 and 99.84% Adj R2. In addition, the disk diffusion test showed 9.2, 8 and 7.3 mm inhibition zone for ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and n-hexane, respectively. Consequently, the present study provided a great insight into the solvent-solvent extraction of antibiotics from the fermentation broth.

This study was conducted to determine the morphometric alterations of the corpus callosum in stroke patients using MRI in northern Iran.

This case-control study was carried out on 40 right-handed men and women referring to an MRI center in Gorgan city, North of Iran. The subjects were divided into case and control groups. The case group included 20 male and female patients with stroke and the control group comprised 20 healthy people with no neurological signs and intracranial lesions on MRI. The widths of the rostrum, body, and splenium, the anterior to posterior length, and the maximum height of the corpus callosum were measured for each subject. The ratios of the body to length and body to the height of the corpus callosum were also calculated. Student’s unpaired t-test and regression analysis were used for data analysis at the significance level of 95%.

The mean width ± SD of the rostrum, splenium, and body of the corpus callosum was significantly lower in the stroke patients than in controls (9.84 ± 1.7 vs. 11.20 ± 1.3 mm, P = 0.01; 10.32 ± 1.9 vs. 11.98 ± 0.9 mm, P = 0.002; and 6.20 ± 1.0 vs. 6.84 ± 0.6 mm, P = 0.03, respectively). The widths of the rostrum, splenium, and body were significantly lower in male stroke patients than in controls (9.45 ± 1.7 vs. 11.65 ± 1.2 mm, P = 0.003; 9.6 ± 1.9 vs. 11.98 ± 0.8 mm, P = 0.003; and 5.64 ± 0.9 vs. 6.44 ± 0.7 mm, P = 0.05, respectively). However, these indices were not significantly lower in female stroke patients than in controls.

This study showed that stroke reduces morphometric indices of the corpus callosum, particularly in the splenium of men

Investigation of behavior of non-persistent joint is important in rock structure stability. This leads to improvement in rock engineering project design. Rock bridges in non-persistent joint increase shear strength of failure surface. For investigation of shear behavior of rock bridge, 24 gypsum samples with dimension of 10 cm × 10 cm × 5 cm were prepared. The joint lengths in various samples are different but in the one sample the joint length are similar. Joint lengths change from 1 cm to 4 cm. in each joint length, joint angularity was 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 degrees. These samples were tested under uniaxial compression test. The results show that failure pattern was affected by joint length, joint angularity and rock bridge length while failure load was controlled by failure pattern. Concurrent with experimental test, numerical simulation was performed using PFC2D software. The joint lengths in numerical model change from 1cm to 4 cm with increment of 1cm. In each joint length, the joint angularity is 0° and 45°. Failure pattern in numerical model was similar to experimental sample while failure load in numerical model was more than experimental outputs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and organizational socialization. The research population was all employees of Imam Khomeini Naval Sciences University of Noshahr. A sample of 149 people was selected through simple random sampling method. The research method was quantitative, descriptive and correlational study type. The research instrument was a questionnaire. In order to measure the social capital status, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed based on Nahapit and Ghasal (1998). In order to assess the status of organizational socialization, a 24-item questionnaire that was designed based on the Taormina model (1997) was used. To determine the reliability and validity of the instrument, Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis techniques were used. Results indicated that the reliability and validity of the instrument were desirable. For data analysis, descriptive (center and scatter plot) and inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient and linear multivariate regression tests) were used by SPSS software. The results indicated that:• The relationship between social capital and organizational socialization and its dimensions among employees of Imam Khomeini Naval Academy are positive and significant at 0.05 level.
• The relationship between dimensions of social capital and organizational socialization among employees of Imam Khomeini Naval Academy is positive and significant at 0.05.
• The relationship between dimensions of asocial capital and dimensions of organizational socialization among employees of Imam Khomeini Naval Academy is positive and significant at 0.05.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the benefits of enterprise resource planning and improvement of the supply chain management. The statistical population of this study includes IT experts and managers who use ERP and SCM systems or know these systems in the selective companies at the city of Isfahan. A sample of 60 managers has been selected from this population through convenience sampling method. In order to collect the research data, the questionnaire of Su et al. (2010) was used after some modification. In order to analyze the data and test the hypotheses, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. These include Pearson correlation coefficient, Durbin-Watson, and regression test. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between ERP and SCM. On the other hand, significant relationships were observed among each of ERP and SCM dimensions.

Brand equity is one of the instruments that can be used in measuring effectiveness of the brand. It is important in service industries such as tourism. This is why that the present study was aimed to identify brand equity dimensions for tourism destinations. The statistical population of this study includes the marketing and tourism professors and authors that have specialty in brand equity. A sample of 200 professors and authors has been selected from this population through convenience sampling method. In order to collect the research data, a self-administrated online questionnaire has been developed and then sent to the sample members. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire has been examined and confirmed in this study. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is the statistical method that has been used for extracting dimensions of tourism destination brand equity. The findings of this study identify nine dimensions for tourism destination brand equity. These include perceived quality of human relations, perceived attractions of tourism destination, perceived popularity of tourism destination, perceived convenience in tourism destination, perceived value of tourism destination, personal awareness of tourism destination, tourism destination loyalty, and perceived satisfaction of tourism destination.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of tourism destination attachment on the tourist satisfaction and loyalty. The statistical population of this study includes (consists of) the inbound tourists who have traveled to Isfahan in November of 2013. A sample of 200 tourists has been selected from this population. The sampling method was simple random sampling method. A self-administrated questionnaire has been used for collecting the research data. This questionnaire that has been developed based on literature review includes 34 questions for measuring research variables and demographic ones. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire have been examined and confirmed in this study. In order to analyze the research data and test the research hypotheses، both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used in the SPSS and Lisrel. The results of this study revealed that tourism destination attachment influences the tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty significantly. In addition، the results showed that the tourists’ satisfaction also significantly influences their loyalty to tourism destination. Finally، the results indicated that cognitive loyalty influences both affective and conative loyalty and also affective loyalty influences conative loyalty significantly.

The purpose of this study is to develop a brand equity model for Isfahan as a tourism destination. The statistical population of this study consists of the inbound tourists who have traveled to Isfahan in November 2013. A sample of 200 tourists has been selected from this population. A self-administrated questionnaire has been used for collecting the research data. In order to analyze the research data and test the hypotheses، both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used. The results reveal that the tourism destination brand awareness influences significantly the perceived value، tourist satisfaction، tourism destination brand image، and tourist loyalty. The results also indicated that the perceived value influences tourism destination image، tourist satisfaction and loyalty significantly. The findings also showed that tourist satisfaction influences significantly tourism destination brand image and do not influences tourist loyalty significantly. Finally، the results revealed that tourism destination brand image influences tourist loyalty significantly.

Nowadays، ethics and ethical issues are considered as one of the most important issues in the workplaces. Respecting ethics not only provides many benefits for organization، but also it is considered as one of the criteria of organizational success. With regard to the importance of ethics issues and its role in the organizational success، the purpose of this study is to study the relationship between ethics institutionalization with quality of work life، job satisfaction، and organizational commitment. This study is a practical research from purpose view and is a descriptive-survey one from methodological perspective. The statistical population of this study includes all of the technical and official employees of Isfahan Lole-Porofil Company. A sample of 142 employees was selected from this population through convenience sampling method. A questionnaire has been used for collecting the research data. In order to examine validity of the questionnaire، its face and content validity has been examined and also Cronbachs’ Alpha Coefficient has been used for examining reliability of the questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has been used for analyzing research data and testing the hypotheses. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between ethics initialization with quality of work life، job satisfaction، and organizational commitment.

The present study was aimed to study the effective factors on the inbound tourists’ loyalty that have traveled to Isfahan. The statistical population of this study includes inbound tourists who have traveled to Isfahan in November of 2013. A sample of 200 tourists has been selected from this population. The sampling method was convenience sampling. A self-administrated questionnaire has been used for collecting the research data. This questionnaire that has been developed based on literature review includes 34 questions for measuring research variables and demographic ones. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire have been examined and confirmed in this study. In order to analyze the research data and test the research hypotheses، both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used in the SPSS and Lisrel. The results of this study revealed that tourism destination familiarity influences tourism destination image significantly. On the other hand، the results showed that tourism destination image influences both tourists’ perceived value and satisfaction significantly. Based on another part of our results، tourists’ perceived value influences their satisfaction. Finally، the results indicated that the tourists’ satisfaction influences their loyalty toward tourism destination، but the effect of perceived value on the tourists’ loyalty was not significant.

In this article the content of the Social Teachings’ textbooks of the first two levels of middle school in Iran in the educational year of 20112012- has been analyzed and set against the citizens’ training paradigms. The objective of this analysis has been to see how congruent the above-mentioned books are with the standards of citizens’ training procedure. The analysis is a quantitative one. The statistical community is the mentioned textbooks and the statistical samples are the questions, texts, illustrations and class activities and drills of these textbooks. The research tools have 9 main paradigms: 1- citizenship 2- social rights 3- social duties 4- rules 5- justice and equality 6- social and political participation 7- social order 8- social control 9- Normality. These are in fact the foundation for the definition of a citizen. The results of this analysis show that the paradigms of citizenship, social and political participation and normality incorporated 194.375%, 121.25% and 103.125% of the middle school textbooks respectively and were thus at the top of the table while the paradigm of justice and equality, which took only 16.25% falls to the bottom of the table. The utter number of the illustrations in the 1st and 2nd levels of middles is 96 ones, 67.10% of which belongs to the 1st level and 53.6% to the 2nd. It is obvious that one of the paradigms in question is the idea of justice and equality. The findings depict that 53.5% of the illustrations in the first year have female denotations; a number which falls to 1.4% in the 2nd year. The lack of approval techniques in order to perceive the messages of the illustrations is among the drawbacks of these books. Overall, the findings of this research and the consequent data analysis show that in these books the requisite attention to citizens’ training has not been allocated.

The tourismindustry is of such a great importance to both the developing and developedcountries that a good deal of investment and planning is devoted to it. Morestudies should be done in this industry for the development and improvement oftourism at national and trans-national levels(ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSIONFOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC, 2007: 4). Based on the statistics and reports,it has been presented by theWorldTourism Organization (WTO) in 2012that about 450 million tourists have traveledin May and August 2011 (WTO, 2012). Many authors believe that thedevelopmentofthetourism industry needs thecooperation and coordination of differentenvironmental, cultural, economic, political, and social factors (Getz, 2002: 775), (Amirtahmasb, 2008: 20). On the other hand, there are several factorsinfluencingthe tourists’ decision about traveling to a destination. Word of mouth, which is one of the effective factors in the decisions that tourists make abouttraveling to a certain destination, is defined as the informal information thatevery tourist receives from his/her relatives, family members, friends, andcolleagues. This is why the present study attempts to study the effects of the wordof mouth communications on the tourists’ traveling decision. Materials and This study is practically goal-orientedand is a descriptive survey study in terms of methodology.One hundred tourists havebeenselected as sample members. In order to collect the research data, aquestionnaire with 25 items has been used. Thereliability and validity of thisquestionnaire has been also examined and confirmed by the previous research,however,theauthors in this study examined thereliability and validity. The SPSS is themain statistical software that has been used by authors for analyzing theresearch data and testing the hypotheses. Discussion andThe results of thestudy revealed that wordof mouth is an effective factor inthe tourists’ decisionabouttraveling to atourism destination. Based on this finding, it can be said that the presentactual tourists who travel to Iran can be considered as the main source ofencouraging potential tourists for traveling to Iran, especially Shiraz. Also, the results indicated that the expertknowledge and the similarity of the source of informationare the two mainfactors in using word of mouth communication. In other words, the tourists whouse word of mouth communicationsas the main source of information for travelingpayattention to the expertise and similarity.Alsothe analysis of the demographicfeatures revealed that age and educationare the two main effective factors intheuse of word of mouth the source traveling information. In other words,theelderly and the less educated touristsuse word of mouth communication more thanothers. Also, the results of this study revealed that female tourists use wordof mouth communications more than males. Conclusions; As the results of our study demonstrated, word of mouth communication influences the tourists’ decision about travelingto a destination. Therefore, it can be said that the tourists present in Irancan be considered as the main sources of advertisementforthetourismdestination among potential tourists. The results also indicated that the PerceivedSpecialty andthe Perceived Similarity are the two main factors in using word ofmouth communication. In other words, the tourists who use word of mouthcommunications as the main source of information for traveling pay attention tothe Perceived Specialty and Similarity. On the other hand, the results revealedthat age, gender, and educationare the main effective factors in the use ofword of mouth as the source of information. The results of this study aresupported by many studies that have been done in this area across the world. Itcan be suggested based on the findings of our study that offering good servicesthetourists who have been to the tourism destination before can encourage them toadvertise the tourism destination among potential tourists. On the other hand, it can be suggested that the expertise and similarity of the source ofinformation have a great role in encouraging the tourists to travel to acertain tourism destination.

The success of a tourism destination is depended on reinforcement of persuasive elements and elimination of factors which discourage tourists to select that destination. Tourist’s perception of risk is a disincentive factor that influences tourist’s travel intention to a destination. But it should be noted that different genders may have different perception of similar risks. That is why present study primarily aimed to classify different dimension of risks which perceived by inbound tourists who visited Isfahan and also tried to determine the role of gender in perception of different risk dimensions. The statistical population of the study is inbound tourists who visited Isfahan during April and March of 2012. A sample of 300 tourists has been selected by convenience sampling method. A self-administrated questionnaire with 29 items has been used to gathering data. The results of exploratory factor analysis identified four types of risks which have been perceived by tourists who visited Isfahan. These include health, socio-cultural, political, and economic risks. Also the results indicate that female tourists perceived more risks for traveling to Isfahan than males. Finally some of empirical suggestions have been offered.