mohammad hassani

The objective of this study is to present a model for the financial oversight of the country's public sector budget with an internal oversight approach within the executive branch.  

This research is qualitative in nature and was conducted using the fuzzy Delphi method. The statistical population consists of 131 experts and specialists in the field of financial oversight of the public sector budget, who were selected as research experts using the non-probabilistic chain sampling method. 

Based on the results, 8 dimensions, 27 components, and 86 indicators for the financial oversight of the country's public sector budget with an internal oversight approach were identified. Through the fuzzy Delphi process and confirmatory factor analysis using the Smart PLS software, 2 components and 6 indicators were ultimately removed, resulting in a final set of 82 indicators. The research findings indicate that all 8 identified dimensions—financial oversight pillars, training and human resources, organizational culture and ethical values, oversight strategies and tactics, forecasting of oversight laws and regulations, oversight infrastructures, financial oversight tools, and the design of financial oversight and control procedures and methods—have positive and significant relationships with the performance of financial oversight of the public sector budget with an internal oversight approach. 

This model can assist supervisory bodies that are effective in overseeing the public sector budget and serve as a pathway for efficient and effective financial oversight for executive bodies in the country's public sector.

Cooperative learning means increasing the ability to guide and explore science, which can be linked to students' social skills, anxiety and mental readiness. However, since it affects these variables, it may be facilitating or moderating by some of the personality traits of teacher and students.  Therefore, investigating the relationships of these variables to determine the role of each is an inevitable necessity.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cooperative learning on social skills, mental skills development and reduction of social anxiety in students by mediating emotional intelligence in students.

The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was all students of Meysan city. The sample consisted of 171 students in Meysan city who were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using Karimi participatory teaching method questionnaire (2012), emotional intelligence from Goleman (2001), social skills from Gresham and Eliot (1990), mental skills from the Association of American Colleges and Universities (2007), and social anxiety from Lajerka (1999). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis in SPSS and Lisrel statistical software.

The findings indicate that the proposed model is fitted with the data. The results of path analysis showed that direct path coefficient of participatory learning and emotional intelligence to mental skill, social skill and social anxiety were significant(P≤0.05). Also, indirect path coefficient of participatory learning to mental skill, social skill and social anxiety through emotional intelligence is also significant (P≤0.05).

Based on these results, it can be said that by teaching cooperative learning to students, social and mental skills can be improved and reduce the level of social anxiety by doing participatory activities.

Concept mapping can be taken as a tool that identifies the learner's understanding of the subject. Therefore, attention to the importance and application of concept maps for the development of creative thinking and information preservation in the educational system is an inevitable necessity.

The aim of the current research was to the effectiveness of teaching with conceptual maps in developing creative thinking skills and retaining information in the physical geography of fifth-grade literature students.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was 801 fifth-grade students of literature in Urmia. Sixty students were selected by cluster random sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of 30 (control group 30 and experimental group 30 students). Data collection was based on a creative thinking questionnaire by Welch & Mc Dowall (2002) and information retention by Mohammadi Bahmani (2014). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts in management and educational sciences and was confirmed through factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.89 for creative thinking and 0.84 for information retention based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The analysis of the information obtained from the tests was done through SPSS. 22 software in two descriptive sections including (Mean and standard deviation) and inferential (analysis of covariance).

The research results showed the effect of concept map training on the development of creative thinking skills (expansion, innovation, fluidity, and flexibility) and the retention of positive and meaningful information, it was also found that the effect of mind map training on creative thinking is greater than retention It was information.

The results showed that the use of concept mapping training is effective in the development of creative thinking skills and

This research aims to provide an appropriate model for financial supervision of the budget of the country's executive agencies with an internal supervision approach. The statistical population of the study includes 131 comptrollers and general managers of financial affairs and deputy comptrollers of the country's executive agencies, managers, deputies and heads of departments and experts in the field of financial supervision in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, the National Planning and Budget Organization, as well as auditors of the Audit Organization. The indicators affecting financial supervision of the public sector budget were identified and classified into 8 dimensions using a qualitative meta-synthesis method and by examining theoretical foundations and reviewing research proposals. The data were analyzed using PLS structural equation modeling. The results of the research show that the designed model with 8 dimensions including financial supervision pillars, training and human resources, organizational culture and ethical values, supervisory strategy and strategies, prediction of supervisory rulings and laws, supervisory infrastructure, tools for implementing financial supervision, and designing procedures and methods for financial supervision and control have a positive and significant relationship with the performance of financial supervision over the budget of the country's executive agencies.

Improving the well-being and support of employees will lead to the success of the organization because if the organization supports the employees, they will feel more committed to the organization and will work towards increasing performance and achieving the goals of the organization. Finding factors affecting employee well-being is essential and can help organizations to improve performance and achieve success. Hence, this research sought to test a model of causal factors affecting employee well-being with the mediation of self-efficacy among the employees of Razi University of Kermanshah. The method of the present research was practical in terms of its purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all the employees of Razi University of Kermanshah, which were 490, 215 of whom were selected as a sample from different faculties using Morgan's table and stratified random sampling method. The findings showed that job demand and role ambiguity are effective on employees' well-being both directly and through the mediation of self-efficacy. According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that excessive job demands and ambiguity in the role of employees can increase emotional exhaustion and reduce the work engagement of employees, which can decrease the well-being of employees.

The purpose of this research is the effectiveness of using web quest strategies and digital stories in developing critical thinking, higher level thinking skills, and student progress. The current study is a quasi-experimental study along with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research is 860 fifth grade literature students, 45 of whom were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly divided into three groups of 15 (a control group of 15 and two experimental groups of the rest 30). Data collection was done based on Ritex critical thinking questionnaire (2003), higher level thinking by Abdi et al., (2013), and academic progress by Salehi (2014). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts in management and educational sciences and was confirmed through factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0.90 for critical thinking, 0.84 for higher level thinking, and 0.79 for academic achievement. Analysis of the information obtained from the tests was done through SPSS software. The results of the research showed that the effect of using web quest and digital storytelling strategies on the development of critical thinking, higher level thinking and academic progress of students is positive and significant. It was also found that there is not any significant difference in the effect of using web quest strategies and digital storytelling on critical thinking, higher level thinking and academic achievement of students.

The objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting financial Supervision of the budget with an internal supervision approach in Iran's public sector using the meta-synthesis method, a type of meta-study. This research analyzes previous findings and applies the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso to categorize the conceptual model of factors influencing financial Supervision of the budget with an internal supervision approach. Using three-stage coding in MAXQDA software, these factors were analyzed and categorized into 8 dimensions, 27 components (concepts), and 86 indicators. The study employed the Kappa coefficient method to assess reliability and quality control, with the SPSS-calculated Kappa coefficient of 0.771 indicating a valid level of agreement. The results show that the factors influencing financial Supervision of the budget with an internal supervision approach include financial Supervision entities, education and human resources, cultural and ethical values, supervisory strategies, financial Supervision laws and regulations, financial Supervision infrastructure, financial Supervision tools, and the design of Supervision and control procedures. The findings of this research can be utilized by policymakers and decision-makers in the field of financial oversight of public sector budgets.

In organizational interactions and communities, professional learning communities have gained more attention from managers due to their sustainable benefits for human resources and organizations, which contribute to growth and development. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on structural equations as a method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all primary school teachers in District Two of Urmia, totaling 1,236 individuals. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table, resulting in a selection of 291 individuals. A cluster random sampling method was employed. Data were collected based on four questionnaires: Brown et al.'s (2005) Ethical Leadership Questionnaire, Hu et al.'s (2015) Professional Learning Communities Questionnaire, Eisenberg et al.'s (2001) Normative Commitment Questionnaire, and Jangman et al.'s (2005) Teacher Decision-Making Participation Questionnaire, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.91, 0.91, 0.87, and 0.85, respectively. The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed by experts and through SPSS analysis. Data analysis was conducted using Smart PLS 3 software. The results indicated that ethical leadership has a positive and significant impact on professional learning communities, and normative commitment plays a mediating role in the relationship between ethical leadership and professional learning communities. However, participation in decision-making does not play a moderating role in the relationship between ethical leadership and professional learning communities.

Professional judgment is one of the core elements of auditing. Auditors must consistently apply their professional judgment regarding the proper use of accounting standards by financial statement preparers and the execution of the audit work itself. To ensure that auditors’ judgments are made correctly, special attention must be given to the psychological factors that influence professional judgment and auditors’ skepticism. In this context, this article aims to design a model to enhance the level of professional reasoning in auditing, centered on the psychological factors affecting professional judgment and auditors’ skepticism. The type of research is descriptive-survey. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire, and the approach and orientation of this article are deductive and practical. Initially, the article examines the interrelationship of factors through a self-interaction matrix based on the opinions of 20 experts, gathering insights on how the identified factors relate to and influence each other. The data collected were analyzed using the ISM MATLAB software, resulting in a five-level model. The research model indicated that desirable personality traits and auditors’ wisdom are the most influential factors. Furthermore, to identify the components of the model, the Mic-Mac analysis was employed, revealing that desirable personality traits possess an independent identity, while other factors have a relational identity.

 In recent years, the COVID-19 virus has brought significant consequences to various fields, including capital markets and the global economy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of audit quality on the relationship between earnings management and financial performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the COVID-19 pandemic.

 To test the hypotheses of the research, a sample consisting of 106 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange was collected for the period 2011 to 2021, and the results were analyzed based on the multiple regression model and using panel data.

 The findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the financial performance of companies, accrual earnings management and auditor reputation, but it has not had a significant effect on real earnings management and auditor tenure. Earnings management also has a significant relationship with the financial performance of companies. Auditor reputation does not affect the relationship between accrual earnings management and financial performance of companies, but it has a negative and significant effect on the relationship between accrual earnings management and financial performance of companies. Auditor tenure has a positive and significant effect on the relationship between accrual earnings management and financial performance of companies, but it does not affect the relationship between real earnings management and financial performance of companies.

This research covers the existing gap regarding the impact of financial crises, the last of which was the COVID-19 pandemic, on the financial performance of companies and the audit quality in this era as much as possible. It also investigates the motivations of earnings management. Managers tend to present a favorable image of themselves to investors therefore this research examines the relationship between earnings management and financial performance during the pandemic.

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between cognitive dissonance, scientific reasoning, and systemic thinking with the academic progress of Babol University physics students; with the mediating role of critical thinking. The current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlative in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research includes 249 physics students; due to the limited statistical population, the statistical sample was considered equal to the statistical population, therefore, the census method was used and all the physics students of Babol University have been considered as the statistical sample of this research. As many as 249 questionnaires were distributed among students and consequently 230 questionnaires were returned. Four standard questionnaires of cognitive coordination (Harmon Jones et al., 2007), systemic thinking (Dolansky et al., 2020), scientific reasoning (Golombic et al., 2022), and critical thinking (Watson and Glaser, 2002) were used to collect research data; and, students' GPA was used in order to measure academic progress. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in educational sciences and confirmatory factor analysis, and the reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in a preliminary study. SPSS and Lisrel statistical software were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship directly between cognitive dissonance and academic progress, with the mediating role of critical thinking. It was also found that there is a positive and significant relationship directly between systemic thinking and scientific reasoning with academic progress, with the mediating role of critical thinking.

In recent decades, privatization in the governance of school education systems has been a focus for policymakers worldwide. In Iran, after the Islamic Revolution, the approval of the Non-Profit Schools Law in 1988 (1367 in the Iranian calendar) marked a significant shift towards privatization in the country's education system. In recent decades, privatization in the governance of schooling education system has been a focus for policy-makers worldwide. In Iran, after the Islamic Revolution, the approval of the Non-Profit Schools Law in 1988 (1367 in the Iranian calendar) marked a significant shift towards privatization in the country's education system. The purpose of this study is to identify and criticize the consequences of privatization policy in the environment of school education in Iran, which was done with the method of criticism. Based on the findings of this research, the privatization policy in Iran's schooling educational system has not been able to improve the quality of education in public schools, and after thirty-five years of its implementation, the school education system still has a budget deficit and poor quality. On the other hand, the privatization of schooling educational system has supported the development of social divide and the reproduction of class differences. Also, the privatization policy has the possibility to threaten and destroy the social goals of the schooling educational system. Therefore, it is necessary to review the policy of privatization in the distribution of school education as a public good and to find a better fit with the cultural foundations and historical experiences of the country. Therefore, it is suggested that in the macro-policies of distribution of school education, there should be a slow turn from privatization to public-charity.

The purpose of this research is conceptual framework of corporate governance philanthropy based on the inductive themes and matrix fuzzy ranking. This study is developmental and exploratory in terms of methodology, and it is considered a mixed method in terms of data collection. In the qualitative part, with the aim of identifying the themes of corporate governance civilization, inductive theme analysis was used based on the Attride-Stirling (2001) approach and in the quantitative part, after performing the fuzzy assumptions, Todim's fuzzy analysis has been used to determine the most influential themes of the organizer identified in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part, due to the limitation of the number of participants in Todim's fuzzy analysis, 25 managers of capital market companies were used for fuzzy analysis. The results of the research in the qualitative part indicate the existence of 36 basic themes and 6 organizing themes based on 3 overarching themes, and in the quantitative part it was determined that the most desirable theme of corporate governance civilization is the organizing theme of adhocracy from the overarching theme, the basis of governance civilization for the development of corporate citizenship. The obtained result shows that, due to its structural agility in corporate governance supervision, based on strengthening organizational trust, it develops the level of learning and specialized knowledge, and they try to solve the company's problems, especially those related to stakeholders to impose the lowest cost on the shareholders.

The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the effect of job demand, role ambiguity, perceived overqualification and organizational support on employee well-being based on the job demand-resources model. This research was applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population was all the employees of Razi University of Kermanshah, totaling 490, and 215 of them were selected as a sample from different faculties using Morgan's table and stratified random sampling method, which was chosen according to the sample of each faculty. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling approach with partial least squares method through Smart PLs3 software. The findings of the research show that job demand, perceived role ambiguity and overqualification decrease the well-being of employees, while organizational support increases the well-being of employees. Improving the well-being and support of employees has led to the success of the organization. If the organization supports the employees, they feel more committed to the organization and strive to increase performance and achieve the goals of the organization. Therefore, it is necessary to find the factors affecting the well-being of employees, which can contribute to the success of the organization.

Hospitals play a vital role in society due to their direct impact on community health. Efficient management of their human capital is essential for maximizing productivity. This study aimed to design a human capital management model in state hospitals in Urmia City. The research was development-oriented, qualitative, and employed content analysis methodology. The research field included all physicians, hospital administrators, staff members from various hospital departments, head nurses, and nurses in different units. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with 13 participants. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA18 software, following the conventional and contractual approach in three stages: labels, sub-themes, and themes. Participant verification ensured interview validity, while reliability relied on confirmability. Results revealed five components in the hospital's human capital management section, including innovative management, human resource preservation, monitoring and evaluation, expertise and ethical behavior, and intellectual and social capital. The obstacles section comprised four issues: resource and equipment problems, managerial and organizational issues, personnel challenges, and human capital development hurdles. Solutions to mitigate these obstacles included human resource development, workforce stabilization, organizational justice, systemic thinking, excellence management, and legal and ethical governance. Implementation consequences encompassed organizational development, employee empowerment, enhanced morale and patient satisfaction, and health improvement.

The purpose of this research is the educational effectiveness of cognitive and metacognitive strategies on educational self-defeating behaviors and negative self-evaluation thinking in Arabic lessons. This research is an applicable in terms of purpose, and quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design with a reference group. The statistical population of the research includes the middle school students of the holy city of Karbala, 105 of whom were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling, and randomly divided into three groups of 35 (a control group of 35 and two experimental groups of 35 people). Data collection was done based on the standard questionnaire of educational self-defeating behaviors of Jones and Rudalt (1982) and negative self-evaluation thinking of Jaj et al, (2003). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by the professors and experts of educational sciences and was confirmed through factor analysis, and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of educational self-defeating behaviors of 0.88 and negative self-evaluation thinking of 0.86. The analysis of the information obtained from the tests was done through SPSS22 software in two descriptive sections including mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis; and inferential (covariance analysis). The results of the research showed that teaching cognitive and metacognitive strategies has a positive and significant effect on reducing educational self-defeating behaviors and negative self-evaluation thinking of students. It is suggested to teach cognitive and metacognitive strategies according to students in a practical way in schools, workshops and training courses.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of learning and motivational strategies on the self-efficacy of physical education and sports science students with the mediating role of academic progress and enthusiasm. This research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlative in terms of nature, with path analysis approach. The statistical population of the research includes 250 students of the field of physical education and sports sciences of Iraq University; 150 of whom were selected by simple random sampling using Cochran's formula. To collect research data, five standard questionnaires was used as follows; learning and motivational strategies by Pintrich and de Groot (1990), academic achievement goals by Middleton and Midgley (1998), academic enthusiasm by Fredericks et al. (2004), and educational self-efficacy of Morris (2001). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by experts and confirmed through factor analysis. The reliability of the tool was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in a preliminary study for the learning strategies questionnaire 0.88, motivational strategies 0.91, academic achievement goals 0.87, academic enthusiasm 0.91, and academic self-efficacy 0.86. Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and path analysis in SPSS and Lisrel statistical software. The results showed that the effect of learning and motivational strategies, academic achievement goals and academic enthusiasm on students' academic self-efficacy was positive and significant. It was also found that the mediating role of academic achievement goals and academic enthusiasm in the effect of learning and motivational strategies on academic self-efficacy was positive and meaningful.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of servant leadership on job engagement and perceived social support of employees, taking into account the mediating role of emotional energy. The current research is a structural equation model in terms of applied purpose and in terms of descriptive-correlation data collection. The statistical population was 17933 non-faculty employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done by stratified random method and the final sample size was considered to be 403 according to Cochran's formula. To collect research data, the standard questionnaires of servant leadership, job engagement, perceived social support and emotional energy were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis and their reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha 0/97, 0/95, 0/92 and 0/96 respectively. SPSS and SmartPLS software were used to analyze information. The findings showed that servant leadership has a positive effect on job engagement and perceived social support of employees. Emotional energy plays a mediating role in the relationship between servant leadership and job engagement (t-value=5/19). But the role of emotional energy in the relationship between servant leadership and perceived social support as a mediator was not confirmed (t-value=1/82). Based on the results, servant leadership has a positive effect on job engagement (t-value=6/10), perceived social support (t-value=4/32) and emotional energy (t-value=5/18). Therefore, it is suggested that managers in educational institutions and organizations, due to the special roles and duties they play in serving, educating, and increasing the efficiency of the society, have characteristics of servant leadership such as empathy and understanding needs, active listening, professional development, creating a supportive environment, paying attention to social welfare, encourage cooperationcooperation, transparency and honesty, respond to the needs of society and motivate and use these characteristics as a good model to serve the employees and increase their motivation and performance.

This paper discusses the relationship between conservatism in financial reporting and managerial caution in investment process under economic growth conditions.
Unconditional accounting conservatism is measured using the model proposed by Givoly & Hayn (2000) and managerial caution is measured using the pattern proposed by Hsihe et al (2012). The research sample includes 204 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period March 2012 to March 2019.
Research findings show that the relationship between accounting conservatism and managerial caution is significant and negative. In addition, the relationship between accounting conservatism and economic boom conditions is significant and negative. Also, the relationship between accounting conservatism and managerial caution is affected by economic conditions.
According to findings, managerial caution and accounting conservatism in financial reporting especially under the economic boom conditions are substitute solutions in response to ambiguity; Managerial caution in investment process is low (high) in conservative (aggressive) firms.

There are always incentives for agency problems in firms due to potential conflicts of interest among managers, shareholders, and stakeholders. Therefore, efforts to disclose appropriate and high-quality information are one of the approaches to reduce agency conflicts. Since integrated reporting is viewed as a future-oriented approach, it is crucial to assess the potential consequences of adopting an integrated reporting framework on financial reporting quality, taking agency motives into account This research analyzed the impact of the level of reporting convergence toward an integrated framework on financial reporting quality and agency conflicts.

To measure reporting convergence toward integrated reporting, a checklist was used that was designed based on the international integrated reporting framework. The integrated reporting framework is principles-based. The purpose of this framework is to establish guiding principles and content elements that govern the overall content of an integrated report. The guiding principles underpin the preparation and presentation of an integrated report, informing the content and how information is presented, while the content elements provide details of the information to be reported. Earnings quality, as a proxy for financial information quality, was assessed based on the inverse absolute value of residuals' standard deviation derived from an accrual model at the firm level. Agency cost, as a proxy for conflict of interest, was measured using an efficiency criterion based on the ratio of operational expenses to operational revenues. The research population includes 144 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over seven years from March 2016 to March 2023. Multivariable panel regression models, based on firm-year observations, were used to test the research hypotheses.

The findings showed that an increase in convergence level toward an integrated reporting framework improved earnings quality and reduced agency costs. Additionally, although agency costs reduced earnings quality, information disclosure based on integrated reporting mitigated this effect, thereby improving reported earnings quality. Firms that have a higher level of information disclosure following the integrated reporting framework use fewer earnings management tricks and exhibit higher earnings quality. Furthermore, the impact of implementing integrated reporting on earnings quality can be influenced by agency costs. Integrated reporting, as a superior information disclosure mechanism, strongly relates to financial information quality in firms facing agency costs. The effectiveness of integrated reporting is more pronounced in firms with agency problems.

The results indicated that the improvement in transparency and completeness of information disclosure, due to the reporting convergence toward an integrated framework, increases financial information quality, especially earnings quality, over time. In addition, focusing on the benefits of integrated reporting mitigates agency conflicts and reduces agency costs. Acceptance of new reporting approaches requires studying their dimensions and possible future consequences. Since the movement toward an integrated reporting framework in Iran is not accompanied by specific requirements, it is suggested to analyze the challenges, opportunities, threats, drivers, barriers, and consequences of the integrated reporting approach by focusing on the information needs of interested groups.

Improving employees’ welfare and supporting them has led to the success of the organization. Employees who feel supported by the company will work harder to improve their output and meet the objectives of the company. Finding factors affecting employee well-being has helped organizations to improve performance and achieve success. Therefore, this research has sought to test a model of causal factors affecting employees' well-being with the mediation of self-efficacy among the employees of Razi University of Kermanshah.

The current applied research was conducted using a descriptive-survey method for data collection. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, which was examined for face validity, convergent validity, and differential validity of the variables. Data analysis was done using a structural equation modeling approach with a partial least squares method through Smart PLs3 software. The statistical population (n=490) included all employees of Razi University of Kermanshah, among whom, 215 individuals were selected as a sample using Morgan's table.

The findings showed that perceived organizational support and role ambiguity were effective on employees' well-being both directly and through the mediation of self-efficacy.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that ambiguity in employee roles lead to higher emotional burnout and lower well-being, while perceived organizational support can enhance both work engagement and well-being.

The aim of the current research is to analyze the effect of economics education on financial literacy and decision-making of students with the moderating role of the socio-economic status of the family. In terms of practical purpose, the research is based on structural equation modeling according to the method of descriptive-correlation data collection. The statistical population studied is students studying in Urmia University in two faculties of Economics and Management and Literature and Human Sciences in the academic year of 2021-22 in the number of 1632 people, of which 313 people were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data collection was done using questionnaires of risk-taking, social norms, probabilistic thinking, financial literacy and socio-economic status of the family, and to analyze the data, firstly, the indicators of the research variables were analyzed using the analysis method. Multiple correspondence was calculated with XLSTAT 2019 software and then the desired model was estimated using generalized structural equation modeling with Stata 17 software. The findings indicate that economics education has a positive and significant effect on students' financial literacy and decision-making, and economics education through financial literacy has a significant effect on students' risk preferences, social preferences and probabilistic beliefs, and the moderating role of socio-economic status in relation to education. Economics and financial literacy were approved. The results of the present research support the effectiveness of policies promoting general and specific economics education and emphasize the distributive and egalitarian nature of such policies.

Leadership is a key element for the success of all organizations. For this reason, the purpose of this research was to design a level five leadership model in elementary schools of West Azerbaijan Province.

The research design was qualitative. The participants of the current research, principals of primary schools and professors of educational management were teaching in universities of West Azerbaijan province, with a purposeful sampling approach of 20 principals of primary schools and university professors to identify their perceptions and views on level five leadership were chosen. The selection of participants was based on theoretical saturation and the tools used to collect information from semi-structured interviews. To check the initial validity of the information, the criteria of acceptability and reliability of qualitative data were used. Data analysis was done using the theme analysis method and MAXQDA 2020 software.

The findings showed that the level five leadership conceptual model consists of 1 dimension and 5 components (personal characteristics, culture of discipline, leadership skills, professional development of teachers, high social relations).

The findings of this research show that the level five leadership model in primary schools of West Azerbaijan province can help the principals of these schools to implement the mentioned model in their schools and in this way they can improve their schools from good to great.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of jurisprudential and legal challenges of infertility on couples' relationships in Isfahan city. According to the objective, the research style was applied and practical and the method of collecting data was descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population includes all the infertile people who were referred to the infertility treatment centers located in Isfahan city, and 201 people were selected as a sample by cluster sampling. The data collection tool included two questionnaires, one was made by the researcher and the other was the standard questionnaire on the marital compatibility of Spanier (1976). The collected data were analyzed through one-sample t-test and multiple regression with SPSS25 quantitative software. The findings of the quantitative section show that violence with an average of 4.16 is the highest and divorce with an average of 3.69 is the most minor challenge among Infertile couples. Legal challenges have a negative effect on couples' relationships, But jurisprudential challenges do not have significantly affect on couples' relationships; Therefore, it cannot be said that couples' relationships are affected by the increase or decrease of jurisprudential challenges.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of social capital on job performance and job satisfaction through the mediation of employee empowerment in Urmia University in order to improve the effectiveness of leadership.

 The present research is practical and has been carried out using the descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the research is 480 employees of Urmia University, and the sample size was determined to be 235 using Morgan's table. A simple random sampling method was used for sampling. In order to collect data, standard questionnaires of social capital, empowerment, job satisfaction and job performance were used, and the validity of the questionnaires was checked and confirmed by the supervisor. Also, the questionnaires have good reliability because Cronbach's alpha of the social capital questionnaire was 0.88, empowerment was 0.90, job satisfaction was 0.86, and job performance was 0.85. The value of Cronbach's alpha of each of the questionnaires is statistically appropriate. Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equations were used to analyze the obtained data.

The findings showed that social capital has a positive and significant effect on job performance and job satisfaction, and the results of data analysis showed that social capital has a positive and significant effect on job performance and job satisfaction with the mediating role of empowerment.

Considering the mediating role of faculty members' empowerment, it can be said that the officials and managers of the university should provide favorable conditions and grounds for the promotion of empowerment in the university system..