mohammad karampouri

In this article, an attempt has been made to explain the governance of AI based on the perspective of political phenomenologists with Morrow's interpretive approach and theoretical framework. The main question is: How does political phenomenology provide insights into the concept of AI governance? According to the hypothesis, the phenomenology of AI governance has a mathematical and positivist rationality. The results of the research also show that political phenomenologists refer to mathematical systems in the process of forming the rule of artificial intelligence; the formal systems of mathematics that create the mathematical world cause the mathematization of the life-world and its political horizon; and finally, the sovereignty of AI emerges. This process is not related to the philosophical development of existence and human freedom, and it is a kind of forgetting the life-world and is in conflict with the human meaning of phenomenology. They consider this process to be the cause of the attenuation of ancient virtues and the distortion of political action in the sense of the political space of the city-state, and while adopting a cosmic vision, anti-modernism mainly shows its dependence on the virtues and rights and natural law of pre-modern political systems against the modern systems of the mathematical world.

The fundamental developments in the geopolitics of East Asia, along with the change in regional and international power equations, have forced Japan to reconsider its commitment to pacifism enshrined in the constitution. In this framework, the evolution of Japan's security and defense strategy after Fumio Kishida (known as the Kishida Doctrine) became priminister has become more noticeable than Shinzo Abe priministership. The current research tries to answer the question of what components have influenced the evolution of Japan's security and defense strategy during the Kishda era and the presentation of his doctrine. The main argument of the article is that the transformation in Japan's defense-security strategy is a response to the international and regional structural changes caused by the emergence of China as a system-challenging actor and the uncertainty of the commitments of the United States in its all-round support in the event of the occurrence of war and acute geopolitical tensions. Based on the theory of neo-realism, the findings of the research show the international and regional structural dynamics resulting from the global and regional intersection between China and the United States, the increasing pressure of the United States on Japan in order to increase the broader security and defense role, the increase in the arms race in East Asia, the international implications of Russia's attack on Ukraine, and the increase in Russian military movements in northern Japan, along with the stable factors of the increase in North Korea's nuclear and missile threats, have influenced the evolution of Japan's defense and security strategy. Therefore, Kishida's doctrine, emphasizing the necessity of playing a more dynamic role in global and regional politics and increasing the capabilities of defense-military capabilities, indicates Japan's turn from the previous defense strategy to the behavior of balancing active forces.

Recently, many analysts have charted the rise of great power competition over the global distribution of power amidst the current flux and emerging dynamics which are reshaping the global order (and themselves are largely driven by governments and security actors). Currently, India is a major power in the Indo-Pacific region by the virtue of its GDP and military power. By utilizing library-method of data collection and a descriptive-analytical research method, this article seeks to examine the implications of India's emergence as a great power for the American dominance over world order. The paper proposes the hypothesis that the emergence of new powers weakens unipolarity, thus, leading to a bipolar or multipolar world order. The paper further argues that over the short-term horizon India will further entrench its status as a regional hegemon in the Indo-Pacific region, whilst over the long-term horizon it will emerge as a great power in the international order. The results obtained indicate that India is gradually taking over the power share of the larger countries, namely China and the US, and reshaping the regional power balance in its favor. India's growing power may prima facie seem to pose a challenge to the US-led world order, which is currently in need of new comprehensive arrangements that reshape the balance of power internationally. However, it should be noted that India’s strategic outlook which is based on cooperation and partnership with the US for containing the rise of China, which in turn implies that its regional leadership initiative could ultimately strengthen American hegemony in the Indo-Pacific.

Most Muslims in the United States suffer from discrimination and injustice in society and the political system of this country and consider it as a phenomenon of Islamophobia. Islamophobia against Muslims in the United States is a structural phenomenon based on ideological and institutional teachings. So in this article, we will try to answer the questions: How have anti-Islamic structures and institutions in the United States been influenced by neoconservative thinking? And how do Islamophobic ideologies fuel the spread of Islamophobia in this country? And what are the consequences of this anti-Islamic vision at the level of the American political system against American Muslims? After analyzing the situation of Muslims in the United States, we believe that the main ideological doctrine of discrimination against Muslims and other minorities in the United States is the neoconservative cultural, political, social, and economic system. The main fruit of this system is the production of inequality. Therefore, within this system, equality of Muslims with political elites and capitalists is difficult, and the main function of the political system is to maintain this inequality. That is why anti-Islamic capitalist institutions and structures have spread Islamophobia by funding the political system, one of the most important consequences of which is to create bottlenecks in the social, legal and religious life of Muslims in the United States. The theoretical framework of this paper is based on thought neoconservatism and the research method has a descriptive and analytical approach and the method of data collection is based on the library and reliable internet resources.