mohammad panahi

The topic of homosexuality is currently a focal point of discussion and debate. This behavior has experienced a significant evolution influenced by two opposing perspectives. On one hand, the acceptance of certain individuals has contributed to the normalization of what was previously deemed a deviation. On the other hand, some scholars argue that the non-volitional aspect of this behavior stems from its intrinsic qualities, bolstered by genetic, hormonal, and neurological studies concerning homosexual individuals. While this hypothesis has faced criticism from an empirical scientific standpoint, this research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine, for the first time, the concept of homosexuality as innate through the lenses of Christianity and Islam. Both of these Abrahamic religions link this behavior to the people of Lot, thereby rejecting any notion of an inherent nature associated with it. Their sacred texts underscore, both directly and indirectly, that homosexuality represents a form of sexual deviation that contradicts human nature and essence.

Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there have been mutations caused by new SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, recognized as the variants of concern (VOC) worldwide. These variants can affect vaccine efficacy, disease control, and treatment effectiveness. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of total and neutralizing antibodies produced by PastoCoAd vaccine candidates against the VOC strains at different time points.

Two vaccine candidates were employed against SARS-CoV-2 using adenoviral vectors: prime only (a mixture of rAd5-S and rAd5 RBD-N) and heterologous prime-boost (rAd5-S/SOBERANA vaccine). The immunogenicity of these vaccine candidates was assessed in mouse, rabbit, and hamster models using ELISA assay and virus neutralization antibody test.

The immunogenicity results indicated a significant increase in both total and neutralizing antibodies titers in the groups receiving the vaccine candidates at various time points compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The results also showed that the PastoCoAd vaccine candidates Ad5 S & RBD-N and Ad5 S/SOBERANA could neutralize the VOC strains in the animal models.

The ability of vaccine candidate to neutralize the VOC strains in animal models by generating neutralizing antibodies at different time points may be attributed to the use of the platform based on the Adenoviral vector, the N proteins in the Ad5 S & RBD-N vaccine candidate, and the  SOBERANA Plus booster in the Ad5 S/SOBERANA vaccine candidate.

 Despite the development of anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, cervical cancer is still a common disease in women, especially in developing countries. The presence of a hypoxic microenvironment causes traditional treatments to fail. In this study, we presented a combined treatment method based on the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin and Clostridium novyi-NT spores to treat normoxic and hypoxic areas of the tumor.

 TC-1 Cell line capable of expressing HPV-16 E6/7 oncoproteins was subcutaneously transplanted into female 6-8 week old C57/BL6 mice. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into four groups and treated with different methods after selecting a control group. Group 1: Control without treatment (0.1 mL sterile PBS intratumorally), Group: C. novyi-NT (107 C. novyi- NT). Group 3: Receives cisplatin intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg). Fourth group: Intratumoral administration of C. novyi-NT spores+intraperitoneal cisplatin. Western blot analysis was used to examine the effects of anti-hypoxia treatment and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins.

 The results clearly showed that combined treatment based on C. novyi-NT and cisplatin significantly reduced the expression of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF proteins compared to cisplatin alone. At the same time, the amount of necrosis of tumor cells in the combined treatment increased significantly compared to the single treatment and the control. At the same time, the mitotic count decreased significantly.

 Our research showed that developing a combined treatment method based on C. novyi-NT and cisplatin against HPV-positive cervical cancer could overcome the treatment limitations caused by the existence of hypoxic areas of the tumor.

Today, the use of active packaging containing natural antimicrobial compounds such as essential oils and plant extracts has increased to increase the shelf-life of food  products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of gelatin coating containing Citrus sinensis peel extract on increasing the shelf life of rainbow trout meat. Gelatin (4%) coating was prepared with different levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract (2% and 4%). After preparing the pieces of rainbow trout meat, all the pieces were coated and examined for chemical properties (pH, TVB-N, TBARS), microbial (TVCs and TPCs) and sensory properties (odor, color, texture and overall acceptance) were evaluated for 16 days at 4°C with a 4-day interval (0, 4, 8, 12, 16). The results of the investigation of the antimicrobial effect showed that in the samples coated with 2% and 4% levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract, the average count of mentioned bacteria was significantly lower than the control and gelatin alone (p < 0.05). The results of examining the chemical properties of the samples showed that pH, TVB-N and TBARS increased during the period, but this increase occurred at a slower rate in the samples coated with different levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract. In the evaluation of sensory characteristics, at the beginning of the study, all the samples had the highest acceptance limit, and with the passage of time and the appearance of signs of spoil, the scores decreased, especially in the control. Generally, the results showed that gelatin coating along with different levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract has a positive effect on increasing the shelf life of fish meat and these compounds can be used together to increase the shelf life of protein foods.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) should significantly improve the recovery of the immune system in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. In some patients under ART, it was not possible to increase CD4+ cells reasonably in spite of effective virological control, which is known as discordant immune response (DIR). The aim of this study is the evaluation of the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), interleukin 12B (IL12B), cluster of differentiation 3(CD3), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B), and t-cell receptor beta TCR β genes in patients with DIR.

In this case-control study, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens from patients of the two groups were isolated, RNA was extracted: patients of the control group who were immunologic responders and patients of the case group, which were non-immunologic responders. Real-time relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in duplicate using One Step PrimeScript™ RT-PCR Kit and data analyzed by using GraphPad prism software version 8.0.2.

The expression levels in the patients of the case group in comparison with the patients of the control group were measured for CXCR4, CCR5, IL12B, TNF-α, CD3, PTK2B and TCR-β. The Fold change ratio for CCR5, TCR-β, and CD3 were (0.225), (0.12), (0.09), respectively, and in all three of them, a significant decrease was observed with confidence values. p <0.05, p <0.02 and p <0.01, respectively. None of the CXCR4, IL12B, TNF-α, and PTK2B was statistically significantly different and their fold change ratio was (1.01), (0.6), (1.04), and (0.718) respectively.

we showed significant decrease in the expression of CCR5, TCR-β, and CD3 genes in the patients of the case group in comparison with the patients of the control group, but we could not verify this low expression of these genes are the reason of the low CD4+ T-cell count. Further investigation is necessary, if the suppression of these genes can influence the proliferation or development of CD4 T cells, in-vitro.

Many large organizations today use entrepreneurship as a way to gain a long-term competitive advantage. The importance of entrepreneurship in different industries and areas is not the same for governments and some parent industries such as the oil industry have a special place, so the purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in the oil industry. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method, which was performed by mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative stage, the research team consisted of 28 university experts who were selected by judgment and snowball method. In the quantitative stage of the statistical population, all oil industry experts were 3710 people. The sample size according to Krejcie and Morgan table was 348 people and simple random sampling method was used. The Delphi method has been used to identify the factors and the structural equations method with the Smart Payals software has been used to analyze the relationships of the variables. The results showed that the effective factors on entrepreneurship development include 27 components in the form of six dimensions (environmental-institutional, blue ocean strategy, opportunity, human factors, organizational factors, managerial factors). Also, the analysis of structural equations showed that environmental-institutional (0.386), blue ocean strategy (0.423), opportunity (0.342), human factors (0.318), organizational factors (0.370), managerial factors ( 0.455) have a positive and significant effect on the development of entrepreneurship in the oil industry. Finally, it can be said that the entry of entrepreneurship into this industry can save the oil industry from the current inefficiency and lead to solving problems such as oil equipment and oil sales.

Today, many large organizations use entrepreneurship as a way to gain competitive advantage in the long term. The purpose of this study was to design an entrepreneurship development model with a blue ocean strategy approach, ie a non-competitive approach. This strategy believes that it is necessary for enterprises to create a well environment of competition so that they can better grow and more prosper. For this purpose, a research method based on a combination of Delphi method and interpretive structural modeling with a survey of 28 experts was used. Screening of components was performed by Delphi method and 27 components were identified in 6 dimensions. Structural-interpretive modeling was used to classify the dimensions. After analyzing the data, the dimensions were classified at three levels. The results showed the foundation of entrepreneurship development with the blue ocean approach, firstly are organizational factors, secondly are managerial and opportunity factors thirdly are environmental-institutional, blue ocean and human factors. MICMAC analysis was used for dimension clustering. Dimensions such as organizational factors, opportunity and management factors were in independent clusters and the dimensions such as environmental-institutional, blue ocean and human factors were in dependent clusters. Finally, it can be stated that managers by using the blue ocean strategy will be able to discover or create entrepreneurial opportunities even in sufficiently mature markets.

Social movements have had a special effect in socio-political change from their birth to the present day, and on the other hand, they have been also greatly affected by economic, political and social contexts. These movements play an essential role in different stages of the crisis due to their ability to direct public opinion. Crises can occur in very different economic, cultural, social and political contexts, but in general they are classified into two major social and political groups under a security nature. The most important question of the present research is what kind of crisis will Iran face from the social movements in the coming years and in the fifth decade. Using a descriptive-analytical (exploratory approach) and trend analysis approach, the researcher examines the dimensions of the issue and compares the results with the views of national security and security crisis management experts through interviews. Given the exploratory approach, this research has no hypothesis. According to the study results, the concentration of social gaps in recent decades within the country, together with regional and international reinforcing factors, has transformed such gaps into social movements and paved the way for social movements to pursue fundamental and structural changes at all levels of Iranian society.

The purpose of this study is to identify the US government and its media outreach techniques used to persuade North Korean officials to negotiate and accept the issue of nuclear disarmament. In this regard, the researchers’ efforts were to use the Qualitative Content Analysis method to highlight and analyze the news of the affiliated and pro-US government news media such as Reuters, BBC, and the BBC during the period from May 1396 to June 22, 1397, when the leaders of the two countries met, and provide an appropriate answer to the question of what psychological operations measures have the US authorities used to negotiate with North Korea?
The results suggest that US government officials, with the goal of gaining international credibility for Trump government and showing a good deal from the view point of the new White House officials, have taken advantage of various psychological operations techniques so that through changing the position of the North Korean authorities to negotiate and accept Nuclear disarmament, will restore the lost political image of the United States by withdrawing from international treaties, such as the Paris deal and Barjam (comprehensive plan of action). In this regard, they have used techniques like enlightening, encouragement, inspiring confidence, putting in strait, exaggeration, intimidation, continuity, generalizing, mockery and de-humanization of the opponent.

With the advent of the Islamic Revolution, searching for religious identity became the main feature of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s system. Searching for regional identity was also strengthened, and as a result, Iran was identified certainly as an actor struggling against the western governments in the region. Based on this viewpoint, the conflict and opposition between the United States and Iran were progressively expanded in the post-Islamic era in both vertical and horizontal levels. In the light of America’s frustration against Islamic Republic of Iran, the United States has sought to persuade Iran over the political shift through foreign encouragements and pressures, and now it has put influence project on its agenda, so that the “influence” category has been raised as one of the most important concerns of the Supreme Leader after agreeing on 5+1 and nuclear negotiations. Regarding growing threats of the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran and the emphasis put by Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, the present research makes an attempt to investigate the orientations, points of emphasis and analysis presented by the Supreme Leader in regard with influence project. This research is descriptive and a content analysis methodology based on the Supreme Leader’s declarations, measures and commands, especially after Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (Barjam), has been applied. The research results show that at the present and especially after the nuclear deal, the country is politically placed in a special situation. Meanwhile, the explanation of leadership perspectives to raise awareness of the public and the young generation and consequently to neutralize the threats and plots of the enemy indicates that the United States has been actively seeking to influence the political and economic bases through its hostile actions, so that “enemy infiltration” has become one of the most significant key words used in recent statements of the leadership .