mohammad safari

The cultural tourism industry has undergone a significant metamorphosis driven by the emergence and integration of social media into mainstream marketing and consumer engagement. This paper investigates the development of a customized sales leadership model informed by the dynamics of social media within the cultural tourism context. Recognizing the influence of digital platforms on consumer decision-making and the planning of travel experiences, the study emphasizes the need for a strategic overhaul in marketing and sales leadership. Employing a qualitative research paradigm, in-depth thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with industry leaders revealed the central role of intelligent data-driven strategies, interactive storytelling, and innovative organizational culture. The study identifies social media as a critical sales technology that shapes effective sales strategies and pivots on the enhancement of customer experiences and satisfaction. A cutting-edge sales leadership framework emerges as crucial for bolstering competitiveness, capturing customer intelligence, and adapting to evolving sales techniques within the cultural domain. Ultimately, the findings illuminate the pathways through which cultural tourism enterprises can utilize social media to refine their sales approaches, optimize the tourist experience, and secure sustainable industry growth. With a high degree of respondent validation and methodological rigor, this research bridges a scholarly gap and provides actionable insights for cultural tourism operators, signaling towards an optimized digital future.

According to the results of recent studies, the reasons for impulse purchases differ between social classes and different generations. Factors affecting impulse buying behavior in the context of parasocial interaction, including related social features, social class and generation, can be used to provide effective marketing strategies to enhance online impulse buying and help buyers control their impulse buying behavior. The present study investigates the effect of parasocial interaction on impulse buying behavior by considering related social features, and moderating role of social class and generation. The statistical population of the study was comprised of people active in Instagram page in the field of fashion. From among whom 474 completed questionnaires were gathered using the available sampling method. Structural equation modeling in SmartPLS software was used to test the hypotheses. The results of the hypothesis tests showed that social features have a positive impact on the parasocial interaction and parasocial interaction has a positive impact on the impulse buying behavior. Social class and generation have a moderating role in the relationship between the parasocial interaction and the impulse buying behavior.

This study investigates the role of storytelling on social media in enhancing sales within the cultural tourism industry. It aims to illustrate how storytelling can serve as a strategic tool to boost competitiveness and revenue, while also analyzing successful campaigns and identifying key storytelling elements. Additionally, the research offers insights for marketers to design and implement impactful campaigns.A qualitative approach with thematic analysis was employed to uncover the intricate relationship between storytelling and sales performance. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 12 stakeholders, including social media managers, marketing managers, and sales supervisors from tourism organizations and agencies. These interviews explored participants' views on storytelling's impact on audience engagement, sales growth, and associated challenges.Purposeful sampling targeted those actively utilizing storytelling on social media, focusing on cultural tourism, and demonstrating measurable success in engagement or sales. MAX-QDA software was used to analyze the data through open coding, axial coding, and theme extraction. The analysis identified six main themes: emotional trust, feedback and engagement, technology and personalization, content production challenges, the power of storytelling in sales, and strategic storytelling.The findings reveal that storytelling significantly enhances audience engagement and sales growth, with message personalization and continuous feedback as critical success factors. However, challenges like creating culturally relevant content and maintaining consistency were highlighted as key barriers. The study concludes that storytelling on social media is a powerful tool for improving engagement and revenue in cultural tourism. The identified themes provide marketers with a strategic framework to develop and execute effective storytelling programs.

Information technology is rapidly changing various fields of marketing. Due to the opportunities that new digital technologies provide to companies and users, there is a significant trend to transfer advertising campaigns from traditional media to digital and social media networks. The aim of the current research is to bibliometric analyze and illustrate global studies in the field of advertising campaigns in order to identify the evolution of the use of media in advertising campaigns designing from traditional to digital based on marketing generations. This research was done using VOSviewer software and performance analysis techniques, scientific mapping and network analysis. According to the obtained results, during different years, the trend of publishing articles in the field of advertising campaigns, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, has been upward. The research roadmap in this field showed that from 2010 to 2013, advertising campaigns centered on the concepts of online advertising, website, e-commerce, moving towards digital marketing or fourth generation marketing, and from 2013 to 2021 Keywords such as SEO, search engine advertising, video recording, and influencer indicate the continued use of digital technologies in the design of advertising campaigns, and on the other hand, concepts such as optimization, data mining, big data, and machine learning indicate the importance of using artificial intelligence in the design of campaigns. From 2021 onwards, concepts such as social media advertising, social network, trust, experiential marketing indicate the beginning of the design of advertising campaigns based on fifth generation marketing or human-to-human marketing.

The innovative self-collection service in urban logistics is proposed as an alternative to door-to-door delivery, offering environmental and social benefits. This research aims to investigate the level of awareness among the population regarding the new self-collection service for order deliveries by preparing a questionnaire and conducting interviews with residents of Tehran. It also aims to identify the factors influencing customers' choice of this service and to examine the relationships between these factors using the fuzzy DANP approach. Ultimately, the research seeks to present a mathematical model for covering self-collection centers within an urban logistics network, aiming to minimize the distance traveled by consumers. The study's findings indicate that the awareness of the self-collection service among the population in Iran is very low. However, there is a significant increase in the population's interest in this service when the collection points are located nearby, demonstrating the high potential of this innovative initiative. Furthermore, data analysis reveals that the criteria of 1) proximity of self-collection locations to customers, 2) cost differences between door-to-door delivery and self-collection services, and 3) the quality of services provided at these centers play a crucial role in advancing this new initiative. Finally, the research recommends public awareness and education about the environmental and economic benefits of this new service, mapping consumer purchasing habits, identifying strategic points, providing financial incentives and discounts, and enhancing service quality to increase customer acceptance of self-collection services, which will lead to improved performance of the urban logistics network.

After three decades of research on total quality management (TQM) implementation benefits, its impact on organizational performance is still being debated. Also, whether TQM foster or hinder innovation is a question that has yet to be definitively answered. In this framework, the current research has analysed the relationship between TQM, process (PRC) and product (PRD) innovations, and their impact on operational (OP) and financial (FP) performance. The current research has an applied purpose, and the collection method is descriptive-survey. The studied population was the managers of knowledge-based enterprises in Tehran province. The sample size was determined by G-power of 313 people. The research tool was a standard questionnaire with 36 questions. 348 questionnaires were collected using the available random sampling method during an online survey, and 317 questionnaires were analyzed by removing indifferent answers. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and SmartPLS3 was performed to evaluate the research model. The findings showed that TQM has a significant effect on PRC and PRD innovations, and OP, but this effect on FP was rejected. Also, the impact of PRC innovation on PRD innovation, OP and FP was confirmed. Likewise, the effect of PRC innovation on OP and FP was confirmed. Finally, the mediating role of process innovation and operational performance was confirmed, but the mediating role of product innovation was rejected. The study shows that the use of total quality management practices facilitates the adoption of innovative strategies, which helps firms to cope with the turbulence of the business environment and to increase their capacity to respond faster to challenges.

Different governments formulate specific environmental policies that cover different social levels to limit the impact of climate change. Because, according to international studies, global warming is increasing, countries are not meeting key goals in global climate agreements, and humans must act quickly to avoid a climate change catastrophe. Social marketing can provide an effective approach to design and implement environmental programs, which can help how governments and government departments develop and choose public policies. Social marketing can also create lasting relationships with citizens and other stakeholder organizations. In addition, social marketing researchers can make a major contribution by developing and empirically evaluating usable strategies (interventions) to support the achievement of environmental sustainable development goals (SDG). According to the social marketing approach, in addition to market-based regulations and incentives, policymakers can use environmental advertising campaigns to encourage compliance with environmental policies. Therefore, according to the explanations provided, since reducing and adapting to global warming is one of the most important issues of the current human era, in this study, by analyzing the role of social marketing based on the effectiveness of environmental advertising campaigns in promoting environmental citizenship behaviors, a structured overview of when, why and how environmental advertising campaigns can improve environmental citizen behavior is presented. Also, a critical analysis of previous social marketing research on how to achieve changes in environmental citizen behavior and recommendations for social marketing researchers and professionals on how to design and implement social marketing programs based on effective environmental advertising campaigns at the individual level and Also, how to use environmental advertising campaigns more persuasively is provided. The basic question of this research is what is the framework of using social marketing in the role of environmental advertising campaigns in promoting environmental citizenship behaviors?

The present study is a mixed-method qualitative research that employed the "framework synthesis" method, a subset of the design science paradigm. Framework synthesis is a systematic review method that has gained popularity in recent studies by adapting framework analysis techniques. Unlike inductive approaches, framework synthesis utilizes a deductive approach. The framework synthesis process consists of five steps: familiarization, selection of the framework, indexing, diagramming and mapping, and interpretation.

Although many environmental social marketing programs claim to utilize the Community-Based Social Marketing (CBSM) framework in their design, they often do not fully implement CBSM principles at either the academic or professional level. Consequently, many programs fail to achieve the desired impact, resulting in limited effectiveness. This study analyzes and highlights specific weaknesses related to the application of the CBSM framework in previous environmental social marketing initiatives. It presents research evidence on the influence of cognitive biases—such as reduction, perceptions of control, denial, defensive avoidance, and reaction—along with emotions like fear and hope, and expectations regarding the intentions of communication sources and social norms, on the effectiveness of environmental advertising campaigns. These findings serve as a tool to promote environmentally responsible behaviors. If social and psychological processes are overlooked in the design of environmental advertising campaigns, the messages conveyed may yield counterproductive results. Furthermore, within the framework of social marketing, benchmarking criteria should be employed as a guide for the design, implementation, and evaluation of environmental social marketing programs. Additionally, innovative methods, including neuromarketing techniques such as EEG, EMG, ET, fNIRS, and fMRI, should be integrated into formative research, along with new theories to better understand the barriers and benefits associated with target behaviors.

Discussion and coclusion:

 Effective interventions that promote environmental citizenship behavior should target specific actions and audiences. They must be designed based on robust theoretical frameworks to address obstacles and highlight benefits. This includes developing tailored strategies informed by previous stages, conducting experimental studies, and implementing large-scale interventions and evaluations. Consequently, this study addresses criticisms from some authors regarding the perceived ineffectiveness of social marketing in combating climate change. While social marketing is often viewed as a framework for creating behavior change programs, it is not always effective in modifying behavior directly. Additionally, the results indicate that it is essential to consider psychological and social barriers when implementing environmental campaigns.The involvement of celebrities—such as musicians, actors, athletes, and subject matter experts—in the design of environmental advertising campaigns is recommended. Additionally, employing innovative methods in formative research and new theories to comprehend the barriers and advantages of the target audience's behavior can provide valuable insights for planners and policymakers.Persuasive technology, including immersive technologies like virtual reality (VR) and computer games, presents innovative opportunities to promote environmental citizenship. Although these technologies have been developed and have become increasingly prevalent in recent years, further research is necessary to comprehend their potential impact on individuals' actions in social marketing and environmental citizenship behavior.

In many companies, it is possible to see the low alignment of marketing and business strategies. This defect leads to problems in business development, product sales, and failure to achieve the designed goals and plans. Based on the importance of the subject, the current research seeks to identify the antecedents of the alignment of marketing strategies and business strategies at the business-to-business level in knowledge-based businesses. In this research, a qualitative analysis of the interviews of 10 experts and executive managers in the field of knowledge-based businesses was done. These people were selected purposefully and collected data through in-depth interviews. After data analysis, 215 initial codes were extracted and 34 organizing themes and 10 comprehensive themes were obtained from these codes. The findings of this research indicate that the antecedents of the alignment of marketing and business strategies at the inter-enterprise level in knowledge-based businesses include 10 comprehensive themes including communication-information integration, efficiency, and human capital empowerment. Strategic pronunciation, strategic thinking, customer value management, structural-management efficiency and coherence, strategic leadership, process-operational agility, competitive intelligence, and supporting resources. Based on the results of the research, it was determined that knowledge-based companies should know that before anything and any kind of action to align the stated antecedents, the conditions of the company should be examined and the competitors and the environment should be fully analyzed and understood, and the necessary preparations for Provide alignment.

EXTENDED ABSTRACT
In the bargaining process, most people follow their usual procedures when faced with issues and disputes and seek to find a solution that satisfies the interests of the parties. But in this process, problems such as lack of effective interaction, instability of decisions, lack of clarity in the understanding of parties and specialties are often seen. Bargaining and negotiation in the supply chain are essential components of decision-making processes that have wide-ranging implications for various individuals engaged in the global business landscape. With increasing emphasis on achieving fair outcomes and efficient allocation of resources, the application of game theory, especially the Nash negotiation solution, has attracted more attention in the field of supply chain negotiations. As global markets become more complex and intertwined, understanding the dynamics of supply chain negotiations is essential for organizations to optimize their operations. In dealing with complex issues and a large number of people and different aspects, Nash negotiations allow the parties to reach agreements that satisfy all parties in the shortest possible time. The Nash negotiation solution developed by Nash (1950) provides a powerful framework for analyzing negotiations and incorporates the concept of "fair sharing" between the parties involved. This tool has proven to be valuable for modeling and understanding negotiation processes in supply chains. By considering individual preferences, relative negotiation power and feasible agreements, Nash's negotiation solution tries to establish optimal and fair results. Understanding the application and implications of the Nash negotiation solution in supply chain negotiations can provide valuable insights in reaching mutually beneficial agreements and enhancing cooperation between supply chain partners. However, in the field of negotiations and bargaining, there have not been enough studies and researches regarding the use of the "Nash" negotiation solution; Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to use the solution of "Nash" negotiations to improve the bargaining process, so that by examining the effects of "Nash" negotiations on the quality of decision-making, the psychology of people and the agreements reached, a pattern of improvement and improvement in the bargaining process in the supply chain can be obtained.
From the perspective of the research strategy, this research is a qualitative method, and from the perspective of the paradigm, it is classified as an interpretive paradigm. In this method, the researcher uses the method of qualitative data analysis, which is specifically used in this research, to make patterns. The meta-synthesis research method is one of the types of meta-study methods and is considered a qualitative research method. In fact, meta-synthesis is a type of qualitative study that uses the information of findings extracted from other studies in the field of a related topic. In the meta-synthesis method, the researcher combines the secondary data of the results of other studies to respond to the results of his study and obtains new results. The current research includes two primary stages: initial planning and implementation of a systematic review, followed by reporting and publication of findings, and finally a model that shows the improvements that can be made in the supply chain bargaining process by adopting Nash's approaches with the meta-synthesis is presented. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso was used. Sandelowski and Barroso's method is a structured model for qualitative text analysis and extracting concepts. This method uses a seven-step model for document analysis. The main method of data collection is also library studies.
 In order to evaluate the reliability of the interview, the within-subject agreement method was used with a two-pass code, in which a researcher colleague (coder) who was a PhD student registered. Collaboratively, the researcher and research associate coded the four articles and subsequently calculated the percentage of within-theme agreement, indicating the agreement between the two transfer codes. To facilitate the coding process and save time, a checklist containing two values (yes/no) was used to cover the entire task or all necessary items. When the opinions were obtained through the formula presented below, the kappa coefficient of agreement was calculated, a numerical value between 1 and +1. A rate close to 1 indicates high reliability, while a rate close to -1 indicates disagreement and a rate close to zero indicates no reliability. A kappa coefficient between 0.6 and 0.8 indicates good reliability. In the context of the current research, a part of the article was presented to two professors and based on their evaluation and comments, the kappa coefficient (K) was calculated using the P0-PE formula divided by P0-1, and its value was 0.84. The results showed that there was a total of 6 dimensions, 18 components and 90 indicators that showed changes in terms of repetition and frequency.
The findings of this study showed that Nash negotiations are effectively able to form agreements that support a fair balance between the negotiating parties. This equality resulting from Nash solutions, in addition to strengthening long-term cooperation, also plays a role in reducing potential negotiation tensions. Structuring the negotiation based on the theoretical framework of Nash negotiations paves the way for the development of more favorable and insightful relations between the parties. Psychologically, Nash techniques can help reduce negative emotions and increase mutual trust. Negotiators who feel their interests are properly understood and established are more willing to cooperate and enter into long-term contracts. This issue not only affects the individual relationships between experts, but also has an effect on the entire structure and performance of the supply chain. Nash solutions also improve the quality of decisions. By focusing on sustainable and win-win outcomes, parties are more motivated to explore innovative and progressive solutions. Innovative perspectives can lead to improved processes, reduced costs, and increased efficiency and effectiveness. At the theoretical level, the application of Nash solutions in this study has benefited from the realistic simulated dynamics that we have achieved a more accurate understanding of the complex dynamics of supply chains. Understanding these complexities has enabled researchers and managers to implement more insightful strategies to guide negotiations and find efficient and successful agreements

Research show that the concept of sustainability based on employees' environmental behavior has been largely ignored, and there is a need for a comprehensive research on past and future research trends. The present study was carried out to design a model of sustainability in the workplace based on the environmental behavior of employees. This research is based on a mixed approach and done by using bibliometric network analysis of the existing research background published between 2005 and 2024, a systematic review of the literature and a semi-structured interview. The dimensions of environmental behavior in the workplace include protection, avoiding harm, transforming, influencing others and, taking the initiative, and the antecedents of environmental behavior in the workplace include personality traits, demographic characteristics, external factors including interventions, period educational programs, and environmental campaigns, situational factors related to the organization and leadership support, and internal factors include cognitive factors, emotional factors, social factors, and motivational factors.. Education for sustainability and the design of environmental campaigns is one of the most frequent concepts in the systematic review of articles and interviews of experts; therefore, policymakers and planning managers of organizations and macro-level planning managers of the country can develop environmental policies in the field of designing educational courses and environmental campaigns for companies at individual, organizational and social levels.

Water is essential for human life and public health because up to 60% of the adult human body is made up of water. However, much of the world's population does not have access to sufficient and safe drinking water. The most common waterborne diseases are diarrheal diseases such as cholera, typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonella, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Also, health risks may be caused by chemical and radioactive compounds of water. In fact, some chemicals dissolved in water may be essential substances for food consumption, and some may be harmful in higher than permissible concentrations. These compounds can include various metals, synthetic organic materials and essential elements such as fluoride, iodine and selenium. This is why drinking water quality is a global health concern, especially in developing countries. This review study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the current and past researches in the field of waterborne diseases and most importantly the effective factors in transmitted diseases as well as methods of prevention and finally identifying potential gaps in studies related to waterborne diseases. The review of the literature showed that unsafe water and lack of access to basic sanitation facilities are the main causes of the outbreak of water-borne diseases. Improving drinking water conditions, proper sanitary facilities, especially sanitary disposal of feces, leads to the reduction of water-borne diseases.

the field of criminal investigation in the fight against crimes in the cyberspace is made up of specialized and often interdisciplinary fields that require a range of different sciences and experiences. The law enforcement organizations active in this area, which are exposed to a wide range of diversity and novelty of these crimes, diversity of evidence and documents and different judicial procedures, need to know different models to deal with crimes in this space, especially security crimes.

This research seeks to collect and determine the patterns of the criminalization process of security crimes in the cyberspace and is of a developmental type and its purpose is practical, by using the descriptive-analytical method using library resources such as books, publications, scientific sites, etc. And by using the data collection tool, the necessary information was collected and analyzed, and after discussion and conclusion, a proposal was made.

Committing crimes, especially security crimes in the cyber space is one of the most important crimes that the ever-increasing development of science and technology adds to its complexity and entanglement every day and creates new issues which in turn are the duty of jurists, legislators, and judges. , police forces and security forces and the difficulty of stepping into the new fields of law, especially information technology law, and at the top of them, the issues of criminal investigation and detection resulting from the use of computers (cyber space), which are responsible for creating security and regulating them in the society, are more burdensome. does The patterns mentioned in this research can develop the knowledge of crime detection in cyberspace in Iran from a theoretical and practical point of view (especially security crimes). And this research can make a great contribution to the development of discourse, literature and improving the knowledge of crime detection researchers in the field of crimes in the cyberspace and conducting systematic and effective criminal investigations.

The purpose of this research is to present a framework of key success factors in B2B businesses (drug distribution companies) with the help of bibliometric method, systematic review and factor analysis. In terms of purpose, this research is applied and in terms of method, it is a mixed research of sequential exploratory type, first qualitative and then quantitative. The present qualitative research was compiled in two stages. The present mixed method was carried out in three stages, the first and second stages were qualitative and the third stage was quantitative. In the first stage, using the bibliometric method, the articles and keywords used in the subject of the current research were examined. In the second stage, the researchers selected and analyzed a number of articles in this field using a systematic review in order to more accurately and completely identify the key success factors in CRM. Using the data obtained from the surveys, a questionnaire was developed to identify the key success factors in CRM. In order to identify these factors in drug distribution companies, using a designed questionnaire, factor analysis was performed with maximum likelihood. Using the obtained findings, fourteen main factors to measure the key success factors of CRM in B2B businesses include: "customer-oriented", "service", "consultation", "technology", "culture", "customer-oriented strategy" and "data mining" as factors related to the customer and seven factors "organizational approach", "change management", "employee management", "employee training", "senior management commitment", "process management" and "company strategy" It was extracted as factors related to the organization.

One of the practical tools that has a significant contribution to the success of community-oriented police is proper and targeted training, which can create a kind of social capital in the short and long term and help maintain social security. The purpose of the current research is to explain the training requirements of the community-oriented police in the direction of mutual trust between the people and the police and finally to develop the discourse of social security in the society.

The current research, from the point of view of the goal, is an applied research that is organized with a qualitative method and an exploratory approach. The statistical population of the research includes the elite group inside and outside the Faraja organization in the field of social security, the number of 77 people was determined and 34 people were sampled by "targeted or selective" method and interviewed until theoretical saturation. The data collection tool is "semi-structured interview". To measure the validity and reliability of the study, the Lincoln and Goba evaluation method was used. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Findings of the research: 

The results of the research showed that community-oriented police training in the direction of creating social security discourse includes 5 key roles such as "participation", "policy-making", "public trust", "attention to the spiritual aspect of service", "effective interaction".

According to the results of the present research, the police should pay more attention to "policy-making" in executive, legislative, macro-security-police issues and effective participation in cultural associations and through the institutionalization of components and guidelines such as "teaching how to receive people's participation". Training on how to gain public trust", "Training on the spiritual value of service" and "Training on how to interact" in your educational system. Also, the findings of the research indicate the positive impact of community-oriented police trainings in the development of the social security discourse of the society.

In order to protect rotating machines and prevent their operation in unusual situations, protective control systems and process data are traditionally used. In this article, a method has been proposed to detect the indirect effects of abnormal operating modes using data mining methods. One of the dangerous conditions of abnormal operation in compressors, as one of the important rotating machines in industries, is the surge condition. In this article, the real data stored during three years of a three-stage refrigerant compressor in a gas refinery are used. the relationship between the surge state of the compressor and the amount of vibration in its different parts has been investigated. It has been proven with data mining methods that there is a direct relationship between the state of surge and the amount of vibration. Also, more sensitive points to vibration during the surges have been identified and it has been proven that by measuring these points, surges can be detected. Therefore, in addition to the existing and previous traditional methods that use process data, it is possible to use the amount of vibration of the points as an extension protection system for surge detection. in this way, more protection of the compressor against the state of surge can be achieved. In this study, various data mining methods have been evaluated, and the results of the nearest neighbor method with the number of neighbors of two have the best performance, and the effects of the number of records in the data set on the quality and accuracy of the results have been investigated.

Iron and manganese are common natural minerals that are primarily found in groundwater, especially in deeper wells. Iron and manganese in drinking water, at permissible levels, do not pose a risk to human health. Instead, they both have secondary or recommended drinking water standards because they lead to aesthetic problems that may make the water undesirable and unpleasant for drinking and other domestic uses. The presence of both often causes stains on clothes, and the loss of color in plumbing installations, as well as creates an unpleasant taste and appearance in drinking water. The iron and manganese in the water cannot be seen with the naked eye, and the water appears practically clear and unpolluted, but if they are mixed with oxygen, they quickly lead to the creation of orange, brown, or black spots. The black stains are caused by the presence of manganese, and the brown and orange stains are caused by the presence of iron in the water. Removal methods depend on the concentration and form of iron and manganese in the water. Therefore, it is important to carefully test the water and determine the type and amount of iron and manganese before treatment. Considering the importance of these elements in drinking water, the purpose of this review article is to investigate the sources, standards, types, health and environmental effects, and methods of removing or reducing iron and manganese in drinking water.

The use of artificial intelligence leads to the reshaping of strategies, plans, interactions and relationships in the business marketing process. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of implementation (using a systematic review approach). In order to collect information, 140 related articles published in the period from 2010 to 2022 were analyzed using the seven method of Cochran’s book (2008) to identify dimensions, antecedents and consequences, and finally after putting together and integrating the index from the results, a 5-step model for the marketing process based on multiple artificial intelligence was extracted. Based on this model, the use of mechanical, intellectual and emotional artificial intelligence can improve the stages of the marketing process, including marketing research (data collection, market analysis and customer understanding), marketing strategy (segmentation, targeting and positioning), marketing plan (standardization, personalization and relationalization of marketing mix components), marketing action (operational, analytical and collaborative customer relationship management) and marketing performance as consequences of the application of artificial intelligence in marketing (optimization of experiential value and profitability), increasing competitive advantage, increasing customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, customer trust, engaging and retaining customers). Also, the antecedents of using artificial intelligence in marketing include technological, organizational, environmental, behavioral and individual factors.

The role and nature of business-to-business (B2B) sales performance has evolved since the end of the 20th century, largely due to technological, organizational, and societal changes. Nevertheless, literature has not yet been able to evolve along with it. The literature lacks research that exclusively shows a framework for determining the critical factors affecting the success of sales performance at the business-to-business (B2B) level. Therefore, this research has been conducted using a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) to determine the impact of critical factors on the success of business-to-business (B2B) sales performance. At first, the qualitative method of systematic review was used. According to this method, out of 269 articles related to the topic, the results of 40 articles published in reliable databases from 1980 to 2022 have been reviewed and analyzed. Further, interviews were conducted with industry experts in this field, and data analysis was done with the help of SPSS software. The results of the research indicate that success in B2B sales performance may be influenced by 31 effective factors related to four dimensions: individual, organizational, environmental, and customer level. Finally, the limitations of the research and recommendations regarding success in B2B sales performance are provided.

Due to the limitation of testing equipment on performing in-situ crash tests on the road barriers in the country (Iran) to evaluate the actual performance of the barriers, this study has been conducted with the aid of LS-DYNA software. Two- waves and three-waves W-beam guardrails, concrete barrier and cable barrier have been simulated by defining proper materials and modeling in detail and their safety performance was evaluated under conditions of MASH Test Level 3 requirements. Furthermore, by creating changes in geometry of the performed guardrails in Iran by considering similar cases in AASHTO roadside design guide, in this study the guardrail and vehicle's behavioral parameters in collision with vehicle was easily compared. By considering the criteria of the MASH, two-waves guardrail with U-shape Post, could not successfully redirect the errant vehicle. On the other hand, three-waves guardrail, concrete barrier, cable barrier and also the modified G4(1s) had acceptable performance in preventing the vehicle to penetrate into guardrail back face or overriding the installation. Based on the findings of this study, computer simulations demonstrate an unsuccessful performance of two-waves guardrail used in Iran to meet the requirement of test Level 3 criteria (TL3) in MASH (the main criteria in evaluating of highway safety features) which is the most often used crash test all around the world and according to the fact that the successful performance of road guard to meet these requirements is the required criterion for its usage in urban highways (allowed speed is between 100-110 km/h). More investigations, particularly, performing in-situ crash tests - as a primary means of assessing roadside safety features - are required.

One of the most common problems is water quality management of seas and reservoirs around the world. About 30-40% of lakes and reservoirs worldwide are affected by abnormally high nutrients. Eutrophic phenomena are caused by an excess of nutrients in an aquatic system, especially by nitrogen and phosphorus, especially in lakes, estuaries and slow streams. Due to the excessive consumption of fertilizers and the discharge of untreated urban and industrial wastewater into water sources, the extent of eutrophication processes has increased significantly since the middle of the last century. One of the obvious signs of eutrophication is dense algal blooms, which cause high turbidity in water systems, decrease of oxygen and increase of hypoxia conditions in the inner parts of water bodies due to the sediments. In addition, extensive development of blue-green cyanobacteria, reduction of biodiversity, formation of hydrogen sulfide, increase in fish mortality, unpleasant odor, and increased phytoplankton and other aquatic plants, are other effects of eutrophication on the ecosystem. The main nutrients of interest are nitrogen and phosphorus, both of which are essential for algal growth, but the role of phosphorus is more critical because many cyanobacteria can obtain the nitrogen, they need from atmospheric nitrogen through nitrogen fixation. Therefore, most of the eutrophication control measures are directed towards reducing phosphorus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types, causes, stages and factors, and finally solutions to control, modify and prevent the process of eutrophication.

Cosmetics are products that are applied to the body or face to improve appearance. The concept of beauty and makeup is as old as mankind and civilization. All kinds of beauty products such as skin care products, hair products, and perfumes may contain toxic chemicals that can be harmful to human health, especially women. Most cosmetic products contain dangerous chemicals such as parabens, coal tar dyes, phthalates, perfumes, and some heavy metals such as lead, nickel, cadmium, and mercury. Bioaccumulation of these harmful chemicals and metals in the body over time has been associated with cancer, reproductive and developmental disorders, contact dermatitis, hair loss, lung damage, allergies, etc. At present, cosmetic industries have increased the use of compounds with preservative functions, surfactants, perfumes, stains, etc. in the formulation of cosmetic products. Such substances enhance the quality, properties, and durability of cosmetics, but on the other hand, many of these substances are toxic to the human body and pose health risks ranging from simple mild allergic reactions to an anaphylactic process or even fatal poisoning. Therefore, the indiscriminate use of cosmetics may present itself as an emerging public health issue.Along with the increase in the use of cosmetic products and exposure to their ingredients for a long time and repeatedly, the side effects caused by these products are increasing in the population around the world. Women and men around the world use numerous of cosmetics and health products to achieve beauty, ignoring the possible health risks. Also, cosmetics are emerging pollutants and their environmental monitoring is in the early stages. However, it is known that they enter the environment through multiple routes, often through water, which poses health risks to marine and freshwater ecosystems and ultimately to humans. Hence, in the science of public health, the term “cosmetovigilance" began to represent a type of health supervision in which the goal is to ensure the safety of cosmetic products for commercial purposes. This monitoring is very important for the control of potentially dangerous substances and therefore can put our minds at ease about the products released on the market.In today's world, the importance of taking care of skin, hair, and beauty has doubled. Of course, beauty has a meaning along with health. Using and buying cosmetics and skin care products has become one of the attractive daily activities of most women, but perhaps few people pay attention to the fact that cosmetics can affect the health of women of all ages and even the health of the fetus during pregnancy. Among a wide range of different brands and products, it is very important to choose the right cosmetics and to know the type of skin and the type of makeup that looks natural and ensures the health of our skin. Using the right cosmetics has benefits such as reducing acne symptoms; skin care against the sun's ultraviolet rays; reducing sweating and bad body odor; increasing the beauty of the appearance; reducing bad breath; Reduction of skin bacteria etc. On the other hand, using inappropriate cosmetics can cause disadvantages such as skin diseases and allergies; damage to eyes, skin, and hair; nail weakness; Cancer and other chronic diseases; premature aging; Headache; risk to genital organs; Addiction to cosmetics and etc.The indiscriminate use of cosmetics and health products around the world has led to an increase in the types of chemicals used in the manufacture of these products. Therefore, the risk of poisoning, allergic processes, long-term exposure to chemicals, and side effects from excessive use of cosmetic products also increases. Therefore, considering the importance of chemicals in cosmetics and their health effects on human health, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the health effects of cosmetics and health products on human health.

The current research is a descriptive-review study whose data was obtained through library studies and different sources were used to process the materials. Considering the importance of chemical substances in cosmetics and their frequent use and their health effects on human health, we tried to use the most relevant and up-to-date sources containing valuable tips regarding the products as much as possible cosmetics and their effects on human health. In this review study, the classification of cosmetics and their effects have been discussed first. Then the harmful substances in the cosmetics were investigated and then the ingredients prohibited in the composition of the cosmetics were pointed out and then the topics related to the health and environmental hazards of some chemicals in the cosmetics were studied. Finally, necessary solutions and recommendations were presented in order to reduce the adverse effects of cosmetics on human health.

Cosmetics and beauty products, although not essential for physical health, help a lot in providing mental health and self-confidence. They are widely used in all countries of the world, especially among women of all ages, even with awareness of their harmful effects on human health. In addition, cosmetics and beauty products are used even by children and elderly people who are more exposed to toxicity due to the easier absorption of chemicals and toxic substances through their skin. Cosmetic products are not very good for human health because they contain more than 10,000 substances that can be linked to disease. Due to the continuous use of cosmetics, people are exposed to side effects such as skin rashes, contact dermatitis, allergies, skin redness, high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney failure and cancer, type IV hypersensitivity, etc., which are toxic substances. Used in the preparation of related cosmetics.The contents of chemicals and heavy metals in cosmetic products may harm consumers. Various studies as well as this research showed that cosmetic products may contain or absorb heavy metals, which can be a potential global threat to people's health and hygiene. It has also been proven that the long-term effect of using cosmetic products has the capacity to affect the health of the consumer. Therefore, long-term continuous use of cosmetic products should be avoided because the heavy metals in these products, such as mercury, lead, arsenic and cadmium, are easily absorbed through the skin. Products containing heavy metals can lead to the development of diseases. A large number of chemicals are incorporated into the complex formulation of cosmetic products to improve the beauty, health, and quality of human life. However, based on a review of the literature related to cosmetics and this study, many of these substances, especially heavy metals, are bioactive and environmentally persistent and show potential bioaccumulation, meaning any traces of exposure accumulate. Heavy metals are stored in bones and remain in our bodies for decades. There is no completely safe and effective way to detoxify heavy metals. Therefore, excessive, extensive, and long-term exposure to such compounds can be a serious threat to human health and the environment.Also, the chemicals used in cosmetic products have a direct effect on the hormonal systems of the human body. People should be warned about the presence of toxic substances in cosmetic products. The implementation of a global cosmetic care system is crucial to encourage changes and reforms in the production, marketing and use of cosmetic products by the general population. Such a system increases the safety of these products and their ingredients and prevents the adverse effects of these products. Also, more comprehensive studies should be conducted on the acute or chronic toxicity of these worrisome pollutants to enable more careful monitoring and explicit inspection of their tangible health and environmental risks. It is very important to conduct studies to investigate the adverse effects of cosmetics. It is recommended that researchers around the world, especially from developing and underdeveloped countries, conduct more recent studies, especially on the adverse effects of cosmetics. Finally, information about the environmental and health impacts of cosmetic products on their packaging will reassure consumers and encourage more conscious and responsible use of these products, and consumers should also play their role by keeping their knowledge and awareness of the ingredients up to date to perform in the products it uses.

Today, the world is facing a huge crisis due to the increase in global energy demand and the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions caused by the use of fossil fuels. The consumption of energy carriers produces large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants that pollute the environment. According to the reports of the World Energy Organization in 2019, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions has increased by 0.5% and primary energy consumption by 1.3% worldwide, which can be a warning for humans and the environment. On the other hand, most of the world's energy needs are provided by oil, coal and natural gas resources, all of which are limited and will be exhausted in a short time with the current consumption. The severe decrease in fossil fuel resources, the industrialization of most countries, their dependence on energy, and as a result the increase in the global price of fuel, on the one hand, has caused an energy crisis, and on the other hand, the increase in fuel consumption and inaccuracy in the way it is used has caused It has become a global environmental crisis. Therefore, the energy crisis, pollution and environmental effects caused by the use of fossil fuels have caused humankind to look for new sources of renewable energy, which is a type of renewable energy, biofuels. Biofuels are classified into four categories of first, second, third and fourth generation biofuels based on the raw materials used in their production. The first generation biofuels include biomass related to food products, while the second generation includes lignocellulosic biomass. The third generation has potentially renewable resources in the form of algal biomass, while the fourth generation includes genetically modified (GM) algal biomass. The main purpose of the article is to review the various sources of biofuels, compare different generations of biofuels and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different types of biofuels.

Child poverty is a significant social challenge in developing nations, including Iran. This issue refers to the inability to meet the basic needs of children, encompassing financial constraints, limited opportunities, and communication barriers. Numerous children living in poverty are currently supported by organizations such as the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF) and the State Welfare Organization (SWOI) of Iran. Despite these efforts, the support provided has not been able to effectively address the issues faced by impoverished children, secure their future, or facilitate their growth and progress towards self-fulfillment. Various strategies have been employed globally to combat child poverty, with social advocacy for impoverished children gaining considerable attention. This approach encourages the government, public, and civil society organizations to mobilize resources. However, the effective implementation of social advocacy in Iran requires the development of a model that considers its unique sociocultural and economic conditions. This study aims to propose a social advocacy model for impoverished children supported by the IKRF in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, by addressing the following research questions:
What are the dimensions of the social advocacy model for impoverished children?
What are the causal, underlying, intervening factors, the core phenomenon, and the associated strategies and outcomes of the social advocacy model for impoverished children?

This cross-sectional explanatory study employs a qualitative research design based on Grounded Theory to develop a theory and elucidate the social advocacy model for impoverished children in fall and winter 2022. The study’s results could potentially raise community awareness and reduce child poverty (Newman, 2017, p. 52). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. Interviews were conducted with social workers and experts from the IKRF of Razavi Khorasan Province, and university professors. Theoretical and purposive sampling was used, and interviews lasted between 50-70 minutes. Interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved after the 21st interview, with additional interviews conducted up to the 23rd interview to ensure data saturation. Trustworthiness was established by checking the credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability criteria (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). Consistency was achieved using Silverman’s approach. The transcribed interviews were systematically analyzed based on the approach developed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) at three stages: open, axial, and selective coding.

The data analysis revealed that the social advocacy model for impoverished children is composed of six main categories and 18 subcategories. These include:
Causal Factors: Labeled as “child poverty”, this category includes financial poverty, opportunity-related poverty, and communication poverty.
Core Phenomenon: Termed as “social sensitization”, this category comprises attention to child poverty, awareness-raising and public participation, and social demandingness.
Strategies: Titled as “supporting policymaking”, this category includes designing effective support policies and monitoring management policies and measures.
Underlying Factors: Designated as “continual identification and monitoring of child poverty”, this category consists of developing a database for impoverished children, designing an organizational structure for child poverty monitoring, and creating a map and developing the ecological system of child poverty.
Intervening Factors: Also termed as “support network formation”, this category includes the creation and strengthening of non-profit and non-governmental organizations, social guardianship, and public mobilization.
Outcomes: Entitled as “social well-being of children”, this category encompasses child empowerment, child-centered harm reduction, building social trust, and synergy of resources.

The relationships between the main categories and the subcategories, along with the exploratory research model, are illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Social advocacy model for poor children (an exploratory research model)

Social advocacy aims to expand capacities, encourage, and initiate social changes for the empowerment of society. It enables society to become aware of its rights and utilize them to improve public welfare. This provides civil society with the opportunity to defend itself and even participate in policymaking and decision-making about one’s life and future (McKay & Taket, 2021). Advocacy involves creating or changing policies, laws, regulations, resource distribution, or other decisions that significantly impact people’s lives, and ensuring their implementation. This directly involves politicians, officials, government employees, and private-sector leaders whose decisions affect lives (CGSE, 2019, p. 5). As discussed earlier, utilizing the capacities of social advocacy is one of the most effective solutions to address child poverty. The study results showed that child poverty, as a causal category, could lead to the adoption of support policies through social sensitization. This paves the way for the social well-being of impoverished children, considering underlying and intervening factors. Therefore, the government, civil society, social activists, and support organizations, such as the IKRF, are recommended to apply this model as a suitable platform for enhancing social advocacy and consequently reducing child poverty.

Waste can be described as any type of material or object that has no other use and is to be thrown away. Perspective, the generation of waste materials is unavoidable in a consumption-based society, and it makes waste management a major challenge considering the huge amounts of waste produced globally. In fact, in 2014, about 2.6 billion tons of waste was generated in the European Union (EU), of which 41% was disposed of in landfills, 36% was recycled, 10% was used in excavation operations, 7% was treated in sewage treatment plants and the remaining of 6% was burned for creating energy or oxidation and stabilization of waste. Accordingly, in recent decades, humanity has changed its focus on traditional waste management from the concept of "collection and disposal" in favor of hierarchical management of waste to increase sustainability.Nevertheless, even when environmentally friendly practices such as recycling and reuse are carried out, many operations are "downcycling", meaning that the recycled product has less economic value than its original objective, and is not as valuable as the original product made from strong raw materials. In this way, the linear economy model based on the pyramidal hierarchy of waste materials, which is used today, also has limitations. Indeed, there are still opportunities to increase productivity in many industrial processes, but these gains are likely to be increasingly marginal and undifferentiated. Therefore, the future acceptance of the circular economy concept, as opposed to the current linear model, is a necessary paradigm shift. This new concept is increasingly considered a source of innovation in products, processes, and business models and opens up great opportunities that should be used by companies and organizations as competitive advantages in a dynamic market to be used globally. The processing of raw biomass to produce energy, fuel and chemicals through a combination of different applied technologies is considered a promising path to achieve sustainable waste management, with many environmental and economic benefits. The main processes related to energy recovery and biofuel production are considered under the concept of biorefineries. This waste biorefineries are facilities that integrate the necessary technologies to convert biomass feedstock and other waste into usable products, ensuring that the circular economy moves from theory to the real world. Existing waste streams can be converted to biofuels (waste-to-liquids, WtL) or energy (waste-to-energy, WtE) technologies, both of which are expected to be a key element in future waste management. In general, energy and biofuel production technologies from waste are classified into three main thermochemical, biological and chemical processes. Thermochemical technologies include processes of combustion/incineration, gasification, steam explosion, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and torrefaction; biological technologies include the processes of anaerobic digestion, fermentation, enzyme purification, and microbial electrolysis, and chemical technologies include hydrolysis, solvent extraction, transesterification, and supercritical conversion.

The present research is a descriptive-review study whose data was obtained through library studies and various sources were used to process the material. Considering the importance of biofuels as a source of renewable energy, we tried to use as much as possible the most relevant and up-to-date sources containing valuable points regarding the types of energy and biofuel production technologies from biomass. In this review article, the possibility of using the remaining post-processed waste as available and low-cost bio-renewable resources in waste bio-refineries has been investigated. Waste biorefineries are facilities that integrate the necessary technologies to convert biomass feedstock and other waste into usable products, ensuring that the circular economy moves from theory to the real world. Existing waste streams can be converted to biofuels (waste-to-liquids, WtL) or energy (waste-to-energy, WtE) technologies, both of which are expected to be a key element in future waste management. Accordingly, in this paper, we briefly study the current status of the main WtL and WtE technologies in order to use them as a tool for the management of residual post-processing wastes and by-products resulting from them, and finally about Future developments on the mentioned technical options are briefly discussed.

In this review research, the possibility of using the remaining waste after processing as abundant and low-cost bio-renewable resources in waste bio-refineries in the future was investigated. Existing waste streams have a complex and diverse composition according to their source, which require new logistics platforms of classification and valuation. With the exhaustion of the linear economy of "collection and disposal", new methods of waste management are inevitable in the long term. In this way, waste biorefineries that generate green energy and produce virtual products with high value and zero waste (no waste) in a "closed loop" and "up-cycling" approach are the "landfills" of the future. It is expected that they will be very important and vital in bringing sustainable waste management into the real world that will allow transformative economic growth under the concept of circular economy. However, from the technologies reviewed, it can be concluded that individual WtL and WtE processes are almost always limited in their scope and produce multiple unwanted products. In this regard, the gasification process is largely considered a technology with greater potential and scope in individual applications. However, even this process has drawbacks such as reactor design, feed system, and bitumen production that require costly post-treatment and/or further technical improvements. In contrast, the combination of several WtE and WtL processes in an integrated waste biorefinery allows reducing and eliminate the drawbacks of each process. For example, in gasification, some of the unwanted materials produced may be used and valued by further chemical processing, and even syngas can be upgraded. This new pyramid of waste valorization creates opportunities for specific technologies such as explosive depressurization and drying to become practical applications by reinforcing other well-established technologies in an integrated approach. Future research should primarily focus on establishing a hierarchy of processes to produce the highest value products, and then gradually progress to low-cost products and energy production. However, for this vision to become a reality, an increased effort by researchers is required with continued and sustained support from all potential stakeholders. More pilot or semi-pilot scale demonstration projects should be realized in the coming years, focusing on aspects such as energy balance and cost-benefit analysis that will ensure the viability of the proposed solutions