mohammad shokati sayyad

Testicular torsion is a critical urological emergency that can lead to testicular ischemia and significant tissue damage. Citrulline, a supplement known for enhancing cellular metabolism and mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, has been explored for its protective effects against testicular injury resulting from torsion and detorsion in rat models.

This study involved 42 Wistar rats, divided into six groups: Sham, torsion/detorsion (T/D), and four groups receiving varying doses of Citrulline (300, 600, 900 mg/kg) and vitamin E (20 mg/kg). A surgical procedure was performed to induce torsion by rotating the left testicle for 4 hr, followed by reperfusion. Daily oral administration of the supplements continued for one week post-surgery. Assessments included oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, inflammation, pathology, and sperm parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism.

Citrulline administration at doses of 600 and 900 mg/kg significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, it increased glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased protein carbonyl levels at the 900 mg/kg dose. The expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) decreased at 900 mg/ kg, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels dropped at 600 and 900 mg/kg, and the pro-apoptotic factor Bax was reduced at all doses. Sperm analysis showed improved sperm count and motility at the 900 mg/kg dose. Histological examination revealed significant positive effects of Citrulline on testicular tissue.

Citrulline effectively lowers oxidative stress, inflammation, while enhancing sperm quality and pathological outcomes. These results indicate that Citrulline has potential as a therapeutic agent for testicular torsion.

The kidney ages faster than other organs due to changes in energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. This study looked into the anti-aging effect of tropisetron. 

D-galactose was administrated subcutaneously in a mouse model for eight weeks in order to induce renal aging.  Three separate intraperitoneal doses of tropisetron (1, 3, and 5 mg/kg body weight) were given at the same time. We assessed markers of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Via Real-Time PCR, the expressions of genes linked to aging (SIRT1) and apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2) were ascertained. In addition, an assessment of histopathological changes, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations was done. 

In kidney tissue, tropisetron reduces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which are caused by D-galactose-induced overproduction of inflammatory mediators. Additionally, tropisetron demonstrated antiapoptotic activity in renal tissue and augmented the decrease in SIRT1 gene expression associated with D-galactose administration. Besides, tropisetron significantly improved the histological alterations in the renal tissues of aged mice and effectively decreased the elevated levels of creatinine and also blood urea nitrogen. 

The results provided additional insight into the effect of tropisetron on renal aging and the underlying mechanisms, particularly through its ability to modulate SIRT1 signaling.

Poisoning is a significant public health concern, encompassing a broad range of sudden and severe health issues resulting from the ingestion, inhalation, or contact with toxic substances. The potential for injury or fatality necessitates urgent medical attention and care. With the ongoing advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and its increasing integration into medical and pharmaceutical domains, there is a growing interest in exploring the role of AI in the context of poisonings. This study aims to investigate the potential applications of AI in the management and treatment of poisoning.

This research is a review by searching the keywords ("Artificial intelligence") [TIAB] AND (poisoning [TIAB] OR toxicity[TIAB] OR intoxication[TIAB] OR Toxin[TIAB] OR poison[TIAB]) was searched in the internet databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engine in 2016-2024.

Enhancing system management and treatment approaches is crucial in preventing accidental and intentional poisoning. This can be achieved by incorporating cutting-edge medical equipment, such as those equipped with AI. AI technology can recognize complex patterns beyond predefined rules and process large amounts of data, exceeding human capabilities. In the future, more progress in AI will likely affect various areas of healthcare, including poison prevention and treatment, to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of poisoning on healthcare systems.