mohammadhasan mobaraki

With regarding to the novelty of entrepreneurship education in Iran، present study investigates existent challenges and solutions emerged from lived experience of entrepreneurship faculty of University of Tehran. Due to the complexities in discovering entrepreneurship curriculum challenges، present study uses narrative method for deep investigating of challenges and suggest solutions. The study sample was selected by purposive sampling through three stage with defining appropriate criterions. The final sample included entrepreneurs from different fields such as petrochemical industry، cinema industry and meat trade، and basically have an educational interest. Investigation of narrations revealed that entrepreneurial identity, entrepreneurial creativity, applicableness, method of instruction and theory building competency are existing challenges of entrepreneurship curriculum, thus investigating narrations revealed the significance of revitalizing entrepreneurship education and for this purpose and according to the lived experience through narrations, the present study suggests redefining entrepreneurship faculty, considering macro entrepreneurship theory connect students to economic activist and employing situated learning approach.

The recognition and exploitation of international technological opportunities is the fundamental process is in the international technological entrepreneurship. Because of the radical changes in the high and advanced technologies related to the information technology , Dynamic capability is one of the important factors for IT based start-ups in the successful international value creation .this concept is under researched . For this purpose this study investigated managerial dynamic capability role in the international opportunities exploitation by IT based start-ups. By using multiple case study methodology and conducting 12 semi structured interviews with Iranian IT sector start-ups who participated in the international markets and analysing the qualitative data, the study show that managerial dynamic capability have the important role to foster international Technological entrepreneurship.

One of the main obstacles on the way of nascent entrepreneurs to create and develop their businesses is gaining financial resources. A common method of financing for nascent entrepreneurs is to use the resources that investors can provide. The entrepreneurs' tendency to attract these financial resources, as well as the limitation of the investors' financial resources gives special significance to the way investors select their new investments. In the present paper, thus, attempt has been made to identify and model the behavior of nascent entrepreneurs expected by investors in the process of investment. To this purpose, we utilized the qualitative method, and Grounded Theory with a systematic approach. The sample population in this study included all active investors in venture capitalists and accelerators in the province of Tehran who have at least had one experience of investing on nascent entrepreneurs. Sampling from the population continued up to the point of theoretical saturation, which was achieved in the twelfth interview. The results revealed that having an entrepreneurial spirit, sociability, and strategic behavior are among the most important features investors expect from nascent entrepreneurs.

Business angels are the first major step in financing entrepreneurs. The angels' decision-making process is less formal than venture capitalists, and so far no research has been conducted in the country on this process. Computer games Business angels have been studied in this research using deep interviews. Their goals and beliefs are extracted and their expectations of entrepreneurship financing are modeled in a process with the help of the grounded theory. In this research, we have tried to consider the decision as a process, with an emphasis on the mentality of business angels. This process involves two parts of the recognition and assessment of opportunities. It ends with the partnership. Goals and beliefs are effective in evaluating opportunities, and the whole process is shaped in the context of the micro and macro business environment. By recognizing this process, business angels can take into account individual differences and personal expectations in decision-making, and feel no confusion in choosing investment opportunities.

Entrepreneurial passion has been shown to have important effect on starting and persistence of entrepreneurial behavior, however its causes has not yet been studied. This paper is aimed at investigating the effect of SQ on three types of passion including passion for inventing, founding and developing with the mediating role of ideal entrepreneurial identity centrality. This descriptive survey was conducted using the random sampling on 120 entrepreneurs of Tehran science and technology parks. The sample size have been calculated using Krejcie and Morgan table and 95 valid questionnaire were collected. Hypothesis testing were carried out through structural equation modeling using SmartPLS software. The results confirmed the effects of entrepreneur's SQ on entrepreneurial passion and the mediating role of ideal identity centrality in the relationship between SQ, inventing and developing passion.

Personal foresight is a new trend in futures studies. Indeed, entrepreneurship is a concept that could not be imagined separately from the concept of “future”. Entrepreneurs possess high potential in shaping the future, as well as value generation. Hence, studying the process of personal foresight for entrepreneurs could offer insights for psychology, cognitive science, entrepreneurial sociology and futures studies. Grounded theory helps us to provide a model for the process of entrepreneurs’ foresight. Based on narratives of twelve entrepreneurs selected among managers/owners of established businesses in Iran with at least 3.5 years of life according to the definition by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), the model determines the causal conditions for occurrence of future-based attitude and behavior in personal life and careers of entrepreneurs, context, intervening conditions, strategies and the method of transformation of the process into consequences that bring personal and social growth.

Today، the importance of entrepreneurship and its influence on development of societies is inevitable and the role of universities in this regards is very specific. this study aimed to evaluate the entrepreneurship talent in junior and senior students through descriptive - survey research، are discussed. According to the target population (n = 3422)، by aid of krejcie and Morgan table and random، 370 individuals as samples were selected. The results of T-test and structural equation showed that: The eight variables evident can explain 97% in junior and 96% in senior of intangible variables entrepreneurial talent. The most effective in junior students is activism and visionary item. But in senior students is challenging. There was not significant difference between these two groups in terms of thought fluid، activism، risk-taking، tolerance for ambiguity item but there was significant difference in terms of need for achievement، Internal control، challenge and visionary item and in junior students is more. Finally، the entrepreneurship talent in senior students is less than junior students. This reduces the inefficiency of training programs shows the need for planning to improve these characteristics more and more.

Entrepreneurial roles can be performed by managers at different levels. In fact, entrepreneurship can be interpreted as a tendency adopted by managers towards their environment in which they should have the ability to discover new opportunities for their innovative activities. This study aims to identify factors affecting entrepreneurial behavior of research centers managers at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). Considering the sample size determined through Cochran’s formula, 90 questionnaires were distributed among TUMS research centers managers. The data were analyzed based on structural equation modeling applying partial least squares approach through Smartpls.2 software. Of the 90 questionnaires distributed, 67 were acceptable for study. The model created for effective factors enjoyed an acceptable goodness of fit index (GOF=0.49). Factors loading for the observed variables were above 0.4 and the constructs had an acceptable level of reliability and validity. The results show that contextual and behavioral factors have a positive effect on entrepreneurial behavior and that structural factors have a negative effect on it.

Training and teaching entrepreneurship are done in variant methods and styles. One of these training methods is «guest speaker”. Having entrepreneurs in class to talk about their success and failures can be used as “live” case، but it is necessary to assess effect of this training method. One way to assess an entrepreneurship teaching method is to evaluate its effect on» entrepreneurial intention «. In this study، to evaluate the effectiveness of» guest speaker «in teaching entrepreneurship، a quantitative research has been used in University of Tehran to evaluate entrepreneurial intention of students before and after meetings with guest speaker entrepreneurs. Research findings show that» guest speaker «method for teaching entrepreneurship impact on the variable» personal desirability «،» self-efficacy «and» collective-efficacy«that promotes students to act entrepreneurial behavior. These results will help policymakers develop entrepreneurship training programs.

This study is conducted in universities located in Ilam province to identify the factors affecting creative organization. The research method is mixed، in that، statistic sample in qualitative section consists of experts and in quantitative section consists of employees، professors، and top and middle managers in universities (Payam-e-noor University، Medical Sciences University، Azad University and the University of Ilam). The population of the statistic sample in qualitative section is 20 and in quantitative section are 174. To analyze the data، Kendall''s Coefficient of Concordance، Confirmatory factor analysis، conforming analyzes and placement test of Freedman are used. The results of the study show that among 9 identifying factors، 7 are organizational (internal research and development، External research and development، motivational factors، structural factors، strategic thinking، main competencies of human resources، organizational empowerment) and 2 are native، Iranian-Islamic components (intellectual directing and knowledge exchange).

Due to increased competition in the banking industry over the past few years and the emergence of a large number of private banks, there is a need for innovative methods of marketing new services more than ever. Sensory marketing is one of the recent methods of marketing. The present study aims to identify sensory marketing impacts on the development of new services in the Resalat Qarz–al-Hasaneh Bank. According to the literature review, no research has focused on the impacts of sensory marketing in the field of services, particularly financial services, and this is one innovative aspect of this study. This paper is a survey study, and questionnaire has been used to collect data. After reviewing the existing literature and consulting the expert's opinions, 41 questions were designed. In order to achieve the goals of the study, a sample of 96 customers of the Resalat Qarz–al-Hasaneh Bank in Tehran were selected. And the data were analyzed by means of SPSS and SMART PLS software. The results revealed that five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smelling have an impact on the phase of service introduction to the market in the process of NSD. Besides according to the customers, the sense of touch is more influential than other senses in service introduction to the market.

This study aimed at investigating creativity as an effective personality characteristic in entrepreneurial capabilities of university students and comparing this characteristic between junior students and senior ones. The sample of the study included 394 individuals who were selected through random sampling and based on Krejcie and Morgan table. The data was collected using an instrument which was administered to the students in the first semester and the last semester of their university course. The data was then analyzed using T-test and the results showed that there was a significant difference between these two groups in terms of the main components of creativity naming fluid thinking،pragmatism and imagination. The mean score of creativity in juniors (69. 6954) was higher than senior students (67. 6294). Therefore، due to the importance of entrepreneurship and its role in the development of societies، it is suggested that proper plans be made to improve this characteristic in the students.

Women entrepreneurs despite their difference with men entrepreneurs in themselves are not a homogenous group and they differ in many characteristics and motivations. This diversity in motivations could lead to a different performance in the businesses activity. Entrepreneurial motivation is strong predictors of business success, but there is no concordance about influence of motivations on entrepreneurial performance. The objective of this study is to identify the influence of women's start-up motivations typology on business growth. This is a survey on a sample of women entrepreneurs in which 62 questionnaires were analyzed. First, the start-up motivations classified in five groups and based on literature review and nature of motivations in each group, they were named as ambitious, achievement seekers, forced, social and family entrepreneurs. Then, the chi-square test was used to identify the influence of five groups of motivations on four indicators of growth. According to the results, all five groups had experienced growth in sales, all except forced entrepreneurs had growth in market share, while only achievement seekers entrepreneurs had growth in employee and only achievement seekers and social entrepreneurs had experienced growth in product/service diversity. These results showed significant differences in start-up motivations among different groups of women entrepreneurs, differences that influence business growth, and which point out the importance of special women entrepreneurship development policy as these are related to their motivations and business growth.

Present study aims to identify influential dimensions affecting level of entrepreneur's decision maker cognitive complexity with regard to the importance of cognition and its complex pattern on the process of entrepreneurial decision making. Qualitative stage of this mix method research was conducted at early stage by formation of a focus group consisted of superior entrepreneurs in 2009-2010 and later by experts in entrepreneurship and decision making fields. Data collected was analyzed using content analysis which resulted in designing research questionnaire. In second stage, a quantitative research conducted among a sample of superior entrepreneurs working in Tehran province. Results showed that cognitive complexity of decision maker entrepreneurs compose of three indicators including cognitive representations, knowledge structures and cognitive maps, which is affected by dimensions including personal characteristics and environment. Personal characteristics indicators are tolerance for ambiguity; risk-propensity, self-efficacy and need for cognition and environment indicators are uncertainty, complexity, information dispersal and ambiguity.

Lack of knowledge about the variables explaining economic growth as well as a correct model of economic growth will result in the uncertainty of model. In this study, the factors affecting Iran's economic growth have been investigated focusing on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship in terms of model uncertainty. For this purpose the Bayesian Averaging Method has been used due to its suitable features to hypothesize the uncertainty of model. The important variables were specified using the estimate of 43 million regressions and Bayesian Averaging of coefficients. The findings indicate that inflation, labor force, government investment, entrepreneurship, exports, government health expenses, investment in oil and gas industry and foreign direct investment have significant effects on economic growth. The obtained results show that entrepreneurship has accordingly a significant effect on economic growth alongside 27 other variables which will require special attention for promoting entrepreneurial activities towards economic growth.

To explore the quality of the organizational climate at Alzahra University، its staff''s entrepreneurial characteristics، and the possible relationship between the two، a sample of 211 staff members out of the total of 470 was randomly selected. The participants completed a questionnaire which was constructed based on modifications of two existing measures for the two constructs. The analysis of the collected data revealed that the organizational climate at Alzahra University is rather desirable as it tends to be open; most staff members (57. 35%) have entrepreneurial characteristics، and there is a statistically significant relationship between some components of organizational climate and the staff''s entrepreneurial characteristics.

Heuristic decision making is a cognitive mechanism which is applied by entrepreneurs in their decision making process. Heuristics significantly affects the qualitative entrepreneurial decision making. The present study aims to conceptualize the predisposing factors in applying heuristics in Iranian entrepreneurs' decision making process. The research is based on the qualitative research, specifically the focus group methodology. The sample is 9 Iranian superior entrepreneurs selected by Iran’s Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs in 2009-2010, as well as some prominent professors who were accordingly selected by sampling. The participants, responses were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis method. The findings indicated that the predisposing factors in applying heuristics by Iranian entrepreneurs could be classified into six categories which included entrepreneurial personal and psychological characteristics, information processing ability, cognitive ability, cognitive biases and heuristics, environmental factors and personal living conditions