فهرست مطالب mohammadreza arab

Accessibility is the key to high-impact social conditioning as well as the secret behind successful city spaces. For this purpose, this study endeavors to investigate the accessibility and social interactions of people in Mellat Park of Mashhad city (as the most important park with an urban function). The descriptive-analytical study and its variables include: the spatial location of the elements of the park and the degree of the correspondence of public traffic. The mass of the sample with regard to the number of visitors and the type of statistical tests, was determined to be 200 people. After conducting documentary-based research and composing the conceptual model of the research, all elements located within the park (including 920 locations), were extracted using a GPS device and were saved in the location database. Three models were utilized as a means to analyze the data, including: 1) classic statistics (quantitative and experimental tables), 2) spatial positioning and its criteria (connection, choice, interconnection, width, and depth), and 3) structural equations. The results indicate that, from the perspective of accessibility, Mellat Park is functionally diverse. On the other hand, the estimation of the spatial positioning criteria demonstrates that a part of the park is not placed within the walking area of visitors. In addition, the results of the survey also indicate that people are unaware of the locations of some important elements. The findings of this study concerning the patterns of people’s interactions indicated that, in spite of the relatively proper interaction of the people with each other, these interactions were not deep and only included short chats. Also, the results of the structural equations demonstrated that, among the locations within the park, the Martyrs’ grave, the coffee shop, the sports equipment, the lake, and the green area play the biggest role in initiating social interactions. Deductions based on the findings of this study indicate that, the three subjects of functional diversity, spatial positioning, and the value of the elements within the space can be considered as major factors for the realization of widespread social interactions within the background of urban areas.

What is considered in this article is to pay attention to the development strategies of the border city of Taybad. Due to its special geopolitical features and the existence of deep cultural and trade ties between Khorasan and Afghanistan and the best way for Central Asian countries to access the high seas through Iran (Bandar Abbas) and access to the market of 13 million Central Asian countries, this city has a position Is privileged. Unfortunately, the resources and potentials of this region, especially the various functions of the border, have not been used properly and optimally, and also the limitations and solutions to address them have not been identified. Therefore, in this research, we seek to find urban development strategies appropriate to the conditions and situation of this border city, so that we can overcome the problems in this city by formulating effective strategies on urban development. In addition to maintaining the political, economic and cultural ties of the border region with the whole country, the considered strategies should be able to provide more freedom to the residents of this border region so that they can enjoy a greater share in the development and progress of central government programs. . Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the development strategies of the border city in the city of Taybad. So the main question of this research is what are the most important factors shaping the development strategy of border cities in Taybad?

The research method is documentary, analytical and survey. Based on the main topic of the research (Urban Development Strategies: Taybad) while reviewing the characteristics of urban development, the data obtained from theoretical studies and research, development and executive plans and documented reports of relevant organizations were reviewed and Basic information was collected and classified. Due to the fact that urban development is a systemic and integrated concept, Demethel technique was used to determine the cause and effect relationships between urban development variables. The purpose of the Demetel technique is to identify the pattern of causal relationships between a set of criteria. This technique scores the intensity of communication in a scoring manner, explores their critical feedback, and accepts non-transferable relationships. The basis of the Demethel method is based on the assumption that a system consists of a set of criteria {C = {c1, c2,… cn and the pairwise comparison of the relations between them can be modeled by mathematical equations. This technique is for constructing and analyzing structural models related to complex causal relationships between the factors of an issue. For this purpose, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was provided to 28 researchers in the fields of urban and political geography, political science and urban management.

The Dimtel technique was introduced by Fontal Gabos in 1971 and is one of the decision-making methods based on pairwise comparisons, the results of which will be obtained by referring to the elite. This technique is used in extracting systemic factors and systematic structuring. Since graphs well show the relationships of elements with a system, so this technique is based on graphs that can divide the factors involved into two groups of cause and effect and the relationship between them as Brought an understandable structural model. The researchers selected for this part of the study included six experts in geography and geopolitics. Border management was assessed based on 26 criteria and indicators according to Table (1). 28 experts were used to examine the criteria. Variables such as expanding the role of the private sector in infrastructure investment, attention to sector planning, regional cohesion strategy, linking the national to the local level, expanding foreign partnerships, establishing a city-level development fund, reducing poverty, Strengthening participation at both formal and informal levels in the region shows high interaction and strong systemic relationship with other variables. On the other hand, as can be seen, the vertical vector (J - R) shows the influence of each factor. Expanding the role of the private sector in investing infrastructure, creating a development fund at the city level, strengthening participation at both formal and informal levels, paying attention to social capital in border areas, creating new business areas, building capacity for officials, Education, transparency and accountability in border areas, etc. are the reasons for this system model. And factors such as paying attention to sectoral planning, linking the national level to the local level, creating a development fund at the city level, creating a border city landscape, establishing gender equality, tourism development strategy, etc. are shown as disabilities. In general, if J - R is positive, the variable is a causal variable, and if it is negative, it is a disability.

Planning related to the development of border cities is very important. Because it is considered as an important and effective factor to improve the relationship between human beings, land and human activities. In the meantime, the border areas of Iran, especially the eastern borders of the country, face special features such as smoothness, proximity to Afghanistan's tense neighbors, smuggling of goods and drugs, population instability, cultural and social problems, and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the development in this region and formulate appropriate strategies with the existing conditions. Examination of library and field data and reference to experts' opinions show that variables are of great importance in the development of border cities. These variables were studied in 3 general strategies including socio-cultural, economic and political-government strategies with 26 general indicators. Findings showed that among these variables, the expansion of the role of the private sector in infrastructure investment (9.4644), attention to sectoral planning (9.1558), regional cohesion strategy (9.0245), Linking the national level to the local level (9.0078) has the most importance and variables such as paying attention to housing policies in border urban areas (5.5239), border city landscape (6.3666), institutionalization and professionalization of urban staff (6.8346) , Neighborhood-based management (6.9111) have the least importance. Therefore, it can be seen that the economic and investment index in this border city is considered as one of the important and influential factors on the development of the city. May be considered in the formulation of high-level policies and strategies by government officials and politicians. Very placed. Because economic development in this city can be directly related to the security of the eastern border areas of the country.

Ring burns are often circumferential, increasing the chance of compartment syndrome and ischemia distal to the injury site. The burn size is usually small. However, sometimes injury management may be difficult or threaten the limb, leading to amputation. Different effective treatment methods include conservative therapy, grafting, flap surgery, or amputation. This study reports the therapeutic management of two patients with ring burn Injury. Two patients with ring burn injuries who were admitted to the burn ward were treated with initial surgical debridement and full-thickness skin grafts. At the same time, one of them underwent the advancement flap technique by adjacent tissue recruitment. Even though patients waited up to 3 weeks before the operation, they underwent Surgery immediately after admission, and the long-term result was excellent, and acceptable. So, training of medical staff and efforts to prevent ring burn injury is highly recommended.

Due to the sound caused by various machines and tools in different sectors of agriculture, occupational safety and health should be continuously evaluated. Certainly, the harmful effects of sound can be better reduced when the effects of sound on people's health and performance are fully known.

In this study, a garden tractor was used. Sixteen volunteers were exposed to the sound of the tractor and their EEG was recorded at four different engine speeds. Then, Higuchi and Katz methods were used to calculate the fractal dimension of sound signals as well as brain signals.

The results showed that with increasing engine speed, the values ​​of the fractal dimension in both Higuchi and Katz methods increased. The results also showed an increase in the fractal dimension of brain signals due to an increase in engine speed. The regression results also showed that there is a high correlation between the two brain signals and the sound. The coefficient of explanation was 0.896 and 0.859 in Higuchi and Katz methods, respectively.

This study showed that people's reactions, when exposed to sound, can be predicted using the fractal dimension. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the characteristics of brain signals without recording them, which are often costly and time-consuming.

Learning and memory processes are two important cognitive functions that have no meaning without the other. The learning and memory mechanisms are faced with many challenges due to the complexity of many challenges, one of the powerful tools of self - organizing mental analysis during learning, EEG. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamics of learning and memory processes (coding, maintenance and retrieval) in the brain.
 Eighteen voluntary healthy subjects age range 18 – 23 assigned for evaluate auditory verbal learning test (AVLT). All of them are university students and right handed. EEG signals are recorded during five stages of AVLT and so before and after behavioral test. Simultaneous to estimate learning rate and memory process through behavioral assessment, the dynamics of these changes are investigated by Higuchi fractal dimension estimation EEG signals.
The results of this study showed that increasing the number of words recalled or increasing the learning rate of participants is inversely proportional to the highchi fractal dimensionality 
of the EEG signals. Power spectrum obtained show an increase in overall frequency spectrum of the EEG.
Approximation entropy confirm to reduce the chaotic behavior of signals due to decreasing the complexity   of signals in during memory process increases.
The fractal and oscillatory components behavior of the EEG signals present brain organization during learning and memory processes.

Regeneration of bone defects remains a challenge for maxillofacial surgeons. The objective of this study was to assess the osteogenic potential of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and bone matrix gelatin (BMG) alone and in combination with together in artificially created mandibular bone defects.

In this experimental study Forty‑eight male Sprague–Dawley rats (6–8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups. Defects were created in the mandible of rats and filled with 10 mg of OCP, BMG, or a combination of both (1/4 ratio). Defects were left unfilled in the control group. To assess bone regeneration and determine the amount of the newly formed bone, specimens were harvested at 7, 14, 21, and 56 days postimplantation. The specimens were processed routinely and studied histologically and histomorphometrically using the light microscope and eyepiece graticule. The amount of newly formed bone was quantitatively measured using histomorphometric methods. Histomorphometric data were analyzed using SPSS software. Mean, standard deviation, mode, and medians were calculated. Tukey HSD test was used to compare the means in all groups. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant (i.e., 5% significant level).

In the experimental groups, the new bone formation was initiated from the margin of defects during the 7–14 days after implantation. By the end of study, the amount of newly formed bone increased and relatively matured, and almost all of the implanted materials were absorbed. In the control group, slight amount of new bone had been formed at the defect margins (next to the host bone) on day 56. The histomorphometric analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the amount of newly formed bone between the experimental and the control groups (P < 0.001).

Combination of OCP/BMG may serve as an optimal biomaterial for the treatment of mandibular bone defects.

Regeneration of bone defects remains a challenge for maxillofacial surgeons. The present study aimed to compare the effects of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and the combination of octacalcium phosphate/gelatin (OCP/Gel) on mandibular bone regeneration in rats

In the present study, 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The animals were randomly assigned to the following experimental groups: OCP (n=12), OCP/Gel (n=12), and the control group (n=12). Defects were created in the rat mandibles and filled with 10 mg of OCP and OCP/Gel disks in the experimental groups. In the control group, however, no substance was administered. Samples were taken on days 7, 14, 21 and 56, respectively, after the implantation. Sections (5 µ) were prepared and stained by H&E. The sections were studied, and the volume fraction of newly formed bone was measured by Dunnett's T3 test based on the significance level (P=0.05).

In the experimental groups, the new bone formation began from the margin of defects 7‒14 days after the implantation. During the healing process, the newly formed bone healed a larger area of the defects and grew structurally. In the control group, the defects were primarily filled with dense connective tissue, and only a small amount of new bone was formed. The present study showed a statistically significant difference in the volume of newly formed bone between the experimental groups and the control group (P<0.001).

OCP/Gel composite can be beneficial in the healing process of mandibular bone defects.

Extract of Anacyclus Pyrethrum contains materials which the potential to affect the tissues of the testis. The aim of the present study was to identify the histological effects of aqueous extract of AP on Rat testis. In this experimental study 48 adult male Wister rats were chosen and divided into experimental (36 rats) and control (12 rats) groups. The rats in the experimental group were divided into three subgroups, one, two and three, and each subgroup received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg doses of the extract intraperitoneally for four weeks, respectively. The rats were then placed under deep anesthesia and samples were collected from their testicles and paraffin blocks were prepared. Histological sections with 6 µm thickness were prepared and stained with H&E method and variables (internal and external and thickness of germinal epithelium) were measured in at least in 100 somniferous tubules in each rat. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between control and experimental groups and for external and internal diameters (p<0.002). Although there was no any significant difference for an epithelial thickness between control and experimental 50 mg/kg, there was a significant difference between control and other experimental groups (p<0.002). It seems that aqueous extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum could change epithelial thickness, internal and external diameters of seminiferous tubule Rat testis.

Sound as a detrimental factor in working environments can create annoying conditions for people in addition to physical problems. Therefore, in addition to evaluating quantitative parameters such as pressure levels, it is absolutely necessary to study the quality parameters of the sound in the work environment. In this descriptive-analytic research, the sound of 285 MF tractor was recorded. Then, the EEG of five drivers were recorded in the pre-driving state and then when driving with the tractor in four different engine speed. The psychoacoustic annoyance model was used to assess the annoyance of tractor drivers. Then means were compared with Duncan comparison test at 5% probability level and the correlation between psychoacoustic acoustic and alpha and beta bands was determined. The results of ANOVA showed that different levels of engine speed on psychoacoustic annoyance were significant at 1% probability level. The results also showed a decrease in the amplitude of the alpha band, as well as an increase in the beta band amplitude due to increased engine speed. Regression results showed that there is a high correlation between the two alpha and beta bands and the psychoacoustic annoyance, so that the detection coefficient was 0.966 and 0.998, respectively, for the two bands alpha and beta. This study showed that changes in the quality parameters of the sound and consequently the resulting annoyance caused the amplitude changes in both the alpha and beta bands. So, it can be concluded that the psychoacoustic annoyance is a good indicator of brain activity.

The healing of bone defects in the craniofacial region is an important clinical issue. We aimed to compare the effects of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and the combination of OCP/gelatin (OCP/Gel) on calvarial bone regeneration in rats.
In this study, 72 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the OCP (n=24), OCP/Gel (n=24), and control groups (n=24). Lesions with a diameter of 9 mm were created in the parietal bone and were filled with 9-mg OCP and OCP/Gel disks. In the control group, no substance was implanted in the defect. Sampling was performed on days 10, 14, 21, and 28 after the implantation. After tissue processing, 5-µm sections were prepared and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. The sections were studied, and the volume fraction of the newly formed bone was assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 0.05.
In the experimental groups, new bone formation was detected at the margins of the defects 10 days after the implantation. With the progression of the healing process, the newly formed bone covered greater areas of the defects and developed a more mature structure. In the control group, the defects were primarily filled with a dense connective tissue with small islands of new bone. The results of histomorphometric assessments showed that the volume of the newly formed bone in the experimental groups had a significant statistical difference with that in the control group (P The OCP/Gel composite can be useful in the healing process of calvarial bone defects.

The healing of bone defects in the craniofacial region is an important clinical issue. We aimed to compare the effects of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and the combination of OCP/gelatin (OCP/Gel) on calvarial bone regeneration in rats.
In this study, 72 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the OCP (n=24), OCP/Gel (n=24), and control groups (n=24). Lesions with a diameter of 9 mm were created in the parietal bone and were filled with 9-mg OCP and OCP/Gel disks. In the control group, no substance was implanted in the defect. Sampling was performed on days 10, 14, 21, and 28 after the implantation. After tissue processing, 5-µm sections were prepared and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. The sections were studied, and the volume fraction of the newly formed bone was assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 0.05.
In the experimental groups, new bone formation was detected at the margins of the defects 10 days after the implantation. With the progression of the healing process, the newly formed bone covered greater areas of the defects and developed a more mature structure. In the control group, the defects were primarily filled with a dense connective tissue with small islands of new bone. The results of histomorphometric assessments showed that the volume of the newly formed bone in the experimental groups had a significant statistical difference with that in the control group (P The OCP/Gel composite can be useful in the healing process of calvarial bone defects.

Cisplatin is a platinum-based drug widely used for the treatment of different cancers. Cell surface glycoconjugates play an important role in cell-cell interactions. The present investigation was carried out to study the toxic effects of double dose injection of cisplatin on cell surface glycoconjugates in rat as an experimental model.
In this experimental study, 45 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. Experimental group E1 and experimental group E2 received two repeated dose of 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of cisplatin, respectively in the beginning of the first and fifth week of the experiment. After 8 weeks of injection, rats were killed. Tissue samples were removed and prepared sections were stained with H&E, PNA (Peanut agglutinin), and UEA (Ulex europaeus agglutinin) methods. Prepared microscopic slides were utilized for both histopathological and morphometrical studies. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests using SPSS.
Cisplatin administration induced a significant decrease in internal and external diameters of seminiferous tubules in the experimental groups compared to the control one (P Cisplatin induces a dose-dependent morphological changes of germinal epithelium and extensive changes in distribution pattern of fucose- and Gal/GalNac-containing glycoconjugates in seminiferous epithelium in rats.

Since gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has shown anti-oxidant activity, this study was designed to assess the effect of AuNP on the liver toxicity induced by Carbon -Tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.
A total of 36 Wistar-albino male rats, weighing 200 - 250 g, were randomly split into three groups (control, CCl4 and CCl4 AuNP; n = 12) after 5 days of accommodation. Groups CCl4 and CCl4 AuNP as experimental were injected with CCl4 (1 mlL/kg b.w) for a period of 42 days intraperitonealy (ip), while control (c) group received saline intraperitonealy. On the seventh week of the study, group CCl4 AuNP received additional AuNP and saline suspension for a period of three days. Finally, blood samples were collected from their cervical vessels. Liver enzymes activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and malondialdeide (MDA) were measured in serum. Prepared sections of liver specimens were stained with H and E and PAS methods for histological studies. The data was analyzed by SPSS v. 17; applying one -way ANOVA, Tukey as well as nonparametric tests.
Results showed that aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in groups CCl4 and CCl4 AuNP significantly increased compared to group control, but MDA and SOD values decreased compared to group control. Liver enzymes values did not show any differences in Group CCl4 and CCl4 AuNP but MDA and SOD values in group CCl4 AuNP decreased and increased respectively in comparison to group CCl4. Histological evaluation showed fatty metamorphosis and micro nodular cirrhotic changes in CCl4 group but gold nanoparticles did not show a remarkable protective effect.
AuNP administration affected MDA and SOD in hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in male rats but did not improve liver enzymes damage.

Cisplatin is a platinum based antineoplastic drug, which is widely used for treatment of solid tumors. The present investigation was carried out to study the nephrotoxic effects of double dose injection of cisplatin in rats, as an experimental model.
In this experimental study, 45 adult male Sprague Dawley rats with average weight of 200±30 g were randomly divided into two experimental (n=30) and one control (n=15) groups. Rats of experimental groups received two repeated doses of cisplatin intraperitoneally (2.5 mg/kg, experimental group E1 & 5 mg/kg, experimental group E2) in the beginning of first and fifth week of the experiment. Eight weeks after injection, rats of all groups were given deep anesthesia and killed. Blood samples were collected directly from their hearts for biochemical evaluation. Tissue samples were removed and prepared sections were stained with H&E, PAS, Masson trichrome, and PNA methods. Prepared microscopic slides were utilized for both histopathological and morphometrical studies. Collected data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test using SPSS.
Cisplatin administration induced a significant decrease in urinary space diameter of renal corpuscles in the experimental groups compared to the control group. This ultimately led to the urinary space obstruction in up to 95% of nephrons in experimental groups (P Cisplatin induces acute tubular necrosis and urinary space obstruction and some other morphological changes in rat kidney, in a dose dependent manner.

Background and Reconstruction of bone defects remains one of the most challenges encountered by orthopedic and reparative surgeons. The purpose of this study was to assess the osteogenic potential of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and octacalcium phosphate/gelatin (OCP/G) composite in the tibia bone defects in rats.
This experimental study was conducted in 72 male Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into experimental (OCP/G and OCP) and control groups (n=24 per group). Full thickness critical size trephine defects were made in the rat's tibial bones and filled with 6 mg of OCP and OCP/G composite in experimental groups. The control group had no intervention. On days 7, 14, 21 and, 56 after implantation, the rats were decapitated and bone samples were collected. Then, 5µm thick sections were cut and stained with H&E. Finally, the amount of newly formed bone was measured using Dunnett T3 test.
In experimental groups, the new bone formation was initiated at the defect margins in day 7 after implantation. During the remaining days, in addition to bone formation in deep parts of the defect, the newly formed bones were found to be more mature. In the control group, the newly formed bones were seen near to the defect margins. There were significant differences in the amount of newly formed bone between the experimental and control groups (P This biomaterial could be used in the repair of long bone defects in clinical situations.

Phytotherapy is a popular treatment option in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), with many different herbal products being used for the treatment of this condition. Withania coagulans (WC) is an herbal medicine that has shown anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
This study examined the effect of Withania coagulans extract (WCE) on prostatic cell apoptosis and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats.
Forty Wistar rats were equally divided into five groups: control, sham, BPH, BPH WCE, and BPH CLX (celecoxib) as a positive control group. The induction of BPH was achieved via the subcutaneous injection of 3 mg/kg of testosterone propionate (TP) daily for 28 days. The animals received WCE, celecoxib, or distilled water by oral gavage accompanied by the TP injection. After four weeks, the prostate glands of the rats were weighed to measure the prostatic index (PI). The ventral lobes of the prostates were dissected and processed with paraffin blocks in order to study the number of mast cells. A TUNEL analysis was performed to evaluate the cell apoptosis, while the expression of COX-2 was examined using immunohistochemistry.
BPH was obvious in the ventral lobe of the prostate, and the administration of WCE markedly decreased the PI and the number of mast cells (P According to the results of this study, WCE was effective in the treatment of BPH in rats. It may therefore have beneficial effects in the treatment of patients with BPH.

Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug, which is widely used for the treatment of solid tumors. However, its clinical usage is limited because of its side effects such as hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to identify toxic effects of cisplatin on hepatocytes of rats.
A total of 45 adult Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200±30 g were randomly divided into experimental (n=30) and control (n=15) groups. Rats of experimental groups were divided into 2 subgroups; subgroup 1 received 2 consecutive 2.5mg/kg dose of cisplatin, intraperitoneally in the beginning of first and fifth weeks of the study. Subgroup 2 also received 2 consecutive 5mg/kg dose of cisplatin in the same manner of subgroup 1. After 8 weeks, rats of both groups were anesthetized and killed. Then, their blood and tissue samples were taken. Prepared sections were stained by HE method. Collected data from microscopic slides and blood samples were analyzed by SPSS using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test.
Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the activity of enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) between control and experimental groups (P Cisplatin disorganizes the architecture of hepatic lobules and increases sinusoidal diameter in rat liver.

Because survivin has a significant role as an inhibitor in breast cancer (BC) advancement and development and its productivity and interactions may well be under the effects of polymorphisms in the gene promoter we investigated a common polymorphism (-31G/C) that has been reported to be influential on the survivin expression in different forms of cancer. But the observations did not show any correlation between this SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) and breast cancer disease at least in our study population (east Azerbaijan, Iran). The (-31G/C polymorphism is the cause of over expression of survivin once it de-represses the cell cycle-dependent transcription of survivin gene.
In this paper, the aim has been to study the role of -31G/C in breast cancer in the hospitals of the province of east Azerbaijan, Iran.
Patients and In this case-control study, 5 mL of peripheral blood samples of 82 healthy subjects and 94 breast cancer patients with pathologically confirmed were gathered. We analyzed -31G/C single nucleotide polymorphisms of survivin promoter with using of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and gene sequencing. The required samples were acquired from two of the general hospitals in Tabriz.
Statistical analysis revealed that genotype frequencies and allele distribution of the survivin promoter -31G/C for both controls and cases were similar. There has been no statistically noteworthy association between breast cancer and the variant genotypes (CC and CG).
Seemingly, there has been no statistically association between -31G/C polymorphism with BC and clinicopathological characteristics in the population being investigated in this paper.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of gadolinum on pneumotoxic effects of styrene in rats as an experimental model. In this experimental study a total number of 40 adult male Sprague Dawley rats that weighed 200 ± 13 g were randomly divided into five groups: i. styrene (St, N=10), ii. styrene+gadolinium chloride (GdCl3, N=10), iii. control (N=10), iv. GdCl3 (N=5) and v. normal saline (Nor.Sal, as a solvent of GdCl3, N=5). Normal saline, as a sham control group, was otherwise treated identically. Rats from the experimental groups were exposed to St in an exposure chamber for 6 days/week, 4 hours/day for up to 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats from all groups were killed by deep anesthesia. Their lungs were removed, then fixed in formalin and weighed. Tissue samples were processed routinely and sections stained by the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) methods. We measured the thicknesses of the respiratory epithelia and interalveolar septa. Obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA, the Tukey test and the paired t test. Shedding of apical cytoplasm in the bronchiole was a prominent feature of the St group. PAS staining revealed histochemical changes in goblet cells in the epithelium of the St group. While there were no significant changes in lung weights and respiratory epithelial thicknesses between all studied groups, statistical analysis showed a significant alteration in the thickness of interalveolar septa in the St and St+GdCl3 group compared to the control groups (P<0.001). Styrene induced structural and histochemical changes in bronchiole, interalveolar septa and alveolar organization in the rats’ lungs. Gadolinium appeared to partially reduce the toxic effects of styrene on the lungs.

More than 80 million individuals suffer from infertility globally. Various factors such as some drugs and toxins have harmful effects on fertility. Anacyclus pyrethrum plant in Indian traditional medicine is used for treatment of many diseases including infertility. In this experimental study 48 male adult rats were divided randomly into four groups (N=12) including one control group (A) and three test groups (B, C and D). Test groups (B, C and D) received root aqueous extract of A. pyrethrum intraperitoneally with doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 28 days, respectively. At the end of the treatment period, the reproduction variables such as weight of body and sex organs, the sperm count in epididymis and right and left vas deferens and percent of abnormal spermatozoids were determined. The test groups were compared to the controls using analysis of variance following Tukey. Data analysis of body and sex organs’ weight, sperm count of epididymis and right and left vas deferens and percent of abnormal spermatozoids showed a significant difference between the tests and control groups (p=0.02, p=0.0001); however, no significant difference was found between two groups regarding vas deferens weight. The results of the present study showed that root aqueous extract of A. pyrethrum increased the weights of body and sex organs, increase of sperm count of epididymis and right and left vas deferens, and reduction of percent of abnormal spermatozoids in treated rats.

Alteration of terminal sugars of Glycoconjugates is one of the important aspects of neoplasia. The aim of the present study was to identify GalNac and GlcNac containing glycoconjugates in different grades of neoplastic cells in adenocarcinoma of colon. Histological sections prepared from paraffin blocks belong to 30 patient of colon adenocarcinoma obtained from Khatam-Al-Anbia hospital in Zahedan, Iran and stained by H-E, PAS, WGA and SBA/Alcian blue lectins. Histologic slides were graded histochemically (0-3) according to staining intensity, and collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. Statistical analysis showed only a significant difference in staining intensity for SBA lectin P<0.001). Furthermore with increasing the histopathological grades, the frequency of positivity of neoplastic cells for GalNac and GluNac was also increased. The pattern of staining of neoplastic cells to WGA and SBA lectins were changed with increasing of histopathological grades.

Cisplatin, as an antineoplastic drug widely used for treatment of solid tumors, induces renal toxicity by free radical formation.. The aim of the present study was to identify the histological changes of renal parenchyma after a single dose injection of cisplatin in rat, as an experimental model..Patients and Twenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats, weighting about 210 ± 30 g, were randomly divided into experimental (10) and control (10) groups. The experimental group received a single dose injection of cisplatin intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg). One week after the injection, rats of both groups received deep anesthesia and were scarified. The tissue samples were removed and the prepared sections were stained by H&E and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) methods. The slides were used for both histopathological and morphometric studies. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS.. Statistical analysis by Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference in the height of epithelium between the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the experimental and control groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the urinary space diameter between the experimental and control groups. Focal tubular necrosis and vacuolar and eosinophilic degenerations were more prominent in the experimental group.. It seems that cisplatin can induce many quantitative and qualitative changes in proximal and distal convoluted tubules of nephron in rats..

Toxic fumes generating during soldering contains various contaminants. The aim of the study was to determine toxic effects of solder fumes in thickness of semniferous tubule in Rat. 48 male adult rats were randomly divided into experimental (n=30) and control (n=18) groups. Based on exposure time, each group was further divided into three subgroups such as 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The concentrations of toxic fumes were measured by standard method. Rats of experimental group were exposed to solder fumes for 1 hour/day. According to time table rats of experimental and control subgroups were killed. After fixation of testis, paraffin sections were stained by Hematoxylin & Eosin. The thicknesses of germinal epithelium were measured and data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 with Mann Whitney test. The results showed that the concentration of fumes was 0.193 mg/m3 for formaldehyde, 0.35 mg/m3 for Stanum (Sn) and 3 mg/m3 for Pb. Although there was no significant difference for weight of rats’ testis between control and experimental subgroups, there was only a significant difference for the thickness of germinal epithelium between 6 week experimental and control subgroups (p<0.02). The results of study showed that solder fumes can change the structure and thickness of seminiferous epithelium in experimental groups in a time dependent manner.

Post laparoscopic cholecystectomy pain management can reduce recovery and discharge time. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are used for this purpose.. This randomized clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of diclofenac rectal suppository for the management of postoperative pain..Patients and Forty four patients were randomized to receive either 100 mg diclofenac rectal suppository or placebo at the time of recovery and three hours later after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Postoperative visual analogue pain scale (VAS, ranges 0 to 10 cm) and adverse reactions were recorded over a 24-hour period. If VAS score was ≥ 7, 25mg, pethedin was given intravenously as a rescue analgesic.. In both groups, VAS score was reduced in 24 hours. It was statistically lower in diclofenac group rather than placebo group in all intervals except at the time of recovery. Moreover, the mean pethedin consumption dose and the incidence of administration of postoperative rescue analgesic were statistically lower in diclofenac group. Postoperative bleeding was not statistically different between two groups.. Diclofenac rectal suppository provided simple and safe pain relief in laparoscopic cholecystectomy..

Bowel stent insertion has a variety of complications one major of which is colonic perforation. The purpose of this article is to reveal two cases with delayed colonic perforation after stent placement to relieve bowel obstruction caused by rectal cancer. The first patient was a 55 year-old man who was a candidate for stent placement to avoid palliative surgery and relieve his bowel obstruction. Although the procedure resulted in complete relief of patient symptoms, but he returned with signs of peritonitis 10 days after the stent placement. A perforation was found at rectosigmoid junction on laparotomy. The second patient was a 60 year-old man who underwent a successful stent placement and returned 3 months later with a complaint of abdominal pain that showed up to be due to a rectal perforation on investigations. In conclusion, bowel perforation following stent placement can be a major complication, so close follow-up is necessary to detect it as soon as possible and prevent it from becoming an irreparable complication.