mohammadreza ghane

Intubation is normally conducted in an emergency or prior to surgery. A cuffed tracheal tube is fitted, whose inflated cuff exerts pressure on the tracheal wall. Such pressure should, therefore, be monitored every day by use of pressure gauge devices. The general guideline in this regard is that the pressure of the cuff must lie between 20 and 30 cm of water. The exaggerated pressure may cause tissue ischemia, wound, and necrosis of the tracheal wall; if it is too low, this could result in air leakage and oropharyngeal secretions, increasing the risk of insufficient ventilation and aspiration pneumonia. This study aimed at comparing the cuff pressure of an endotracheal tube inflated with alkaline lidocaine versus air for any post-extubation complications and cuff pressure changes.

This prospective cohort study was conducted on patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Baqiyatullah Al-Azam Hospital in Tehran between May 2023 and February 2024, underwent intubation in this unit and met the inclusion criteria for the study. This prospective study included 62 patients, and tracheal tube cuff pressure was recorded at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours after intubation with a pressure gauge. Patients were randomly divided into two groups-an 'air group', whose cuff was inflated to the pressure of 20 cmH2O by air, and a 'lidocaine group,' whose cuff was filled with 2% lidocaine to the same pressure. In this study, the post-extubation complications, such as sore throat, hoarseness, and cough, were assessed immediately and 24 hours after extubation. Similarly, the tracheal tube displacement during the intubation process was monitored in both groups.

The results showed that the pressure of an endotracheal tube cuff inflated with lidocaine was drastically lower than the one inflated with air, with a p-value of 0.001. On the other hand, the sore throat, cough, and hoarseness after extubation and 24 hours later were significantly fewer in the lidocaine group compared with the air group at a p-value of 0.001.

Cuffs inflated with alkalinized lidocaine clearly avoided high cuff pressure at induction and reduced postextubation sore throat. Hence, alkalinized lidocine-filled endotracheal tube cuffs are comparatively safer and more beneficial than conventional air-filled cuffs.

With the increase of studies in the field of university-industry cooperation, the need to integrate studies that have investigated the research process of this interaction has become more apparent. In this regard, the present research analyzed the review and bibliometric studies of the interaction between university and industry using a scoping review. The guide provided by Daudt, Van Mossel and Scott (2013) is the basis for conducting the scoping review. We used international databases, and 2,590 articles were retrieved. After sampling based on the PRISMA diagram and using the JBI institute for the quality of the selected sources, 64 articles were selected for the final analysis. A review of studies analyzing university-industry interaction showed that research publications in this field have grown despite random fluctuations. Various factors account for the growth of studies in this field, including transforming the missions and activities of universities by moving towards entrepreneurship and commercialization of research and the formation of entrepreneurial universities, increasing technology transfer offices, the growth of inventions in universities, and expanding research collaborations. The most crucial obstacle to university-industry alliances is the difference in their goals and missions. Intermediary institutions, especially science parks, and incubators, are essential for effective communication between universities and industry. Some of the most critical topics in University-Industry Interaction are innovation, economic development, sustainable development, science parks and incubators, start-ups, spin-offs, knowledge transfer, technology transfer, entrepreneurship, and research commercialization.

Analyzing the subject structure of research in this field can provide valuable information about the current state of the field, including its issues and needs, strengths, gaps, and shortcomings. The present study aims to analyze the global research topics in information science and library science, while also reviewing research topics from previous years and identifying thematic gaps. This analysis will provide a foundation for planning and policy research in this field.

The present study utilized an automated classification technique. Data analysis was performed on 85,403 articles indexed on the Web of Science website between 1945 and 2019 in the field of library and information science. The source and tool used for extracting research data was Web of Science. After preparing and pre-processing the data and formulating the classification plan for articles across 31 thematic categories, the logistic regression algorithm has been employed for the automatic classification of articles. This algorithm assigns articles to their respective thematic categories using the Cosine similarity criterion. The various stages of the research were performed using the Python 3.7 programming language and the Pandas, Numpy, NLTK, and Plotly software packages.

Most of the global research in this field is dedicated to information technology, while the field of organizational management has the least amount of research. The growth trend of research in many thematic areas is increasing. However, there is further growth in areas such as web studies, information technology, information behavior, user studies, information retrieval, and search engines. After the 1990s, popular terms such as social media, big data, virtual library, IoT (Internet of Things), machine learning, deep learning, data mining, open data, artificial intelligence, natural language processing, cloud computing, virtual reality, augmented reality, and machine translation have emerged in research in this field. It appears that the utilization of keywords pertaining to traditional subjects in the field has declined, while the usage of concepts encompassing new topics related to technology and the web has increased. The rapid growth of fields such as web development, technology, artificial intelligence, and data mining has led to the evolution of research topics and increased connections with computer science and information technology, particularly in recent years. The changes in the subjects of this field can be attributed to the development of the web and advancements in technology. Additionally, the concepts and research topics in this field have had an impact on globalization, communication progress, and overall development in various economic, social, and cultural dimensions. 

The conclusion of the study highlights the thematic trends in library and information science research over different time periods. It also identifies the weaknesses in the scientific output of this field, while outlining the evolutionary process and the path of progress and development in the field of science. Due to the fact that scientific outputs are derived from the issues, needs, and priorities of a society at any given time, studying them can help clarify the most important issues and research needs in the field of library and information science. This, in turn, can provide a foundation for identifying future research needs and subjects in the field. In other words, having a clear understanding of the subject areas of library and information science will help researchers in this field identify the most important issues and needs. This, in turn, will enable them to take appropriate actions when selecting topics for future research. By conducting needs-based research, we can lay the groundwork for policy development and research planning in this field. This approach will also help address potential challenges and problems that may arise. This is despite the fact that if the needs and issues are ignored, research resources and credits will be spent on topics that do not have the necessary priority and importance. It cannot be expected that the findings from these topics will solve the problems and pave the way for the advancement of this field.

One of the important aspects of scientific research that can provide the basis for scientific growth and development is their thematic content. Considering the importance of paying attention to the experiences of advanced countries in problem-finding and selecting research subjects, the present research aims to compare and analyze the subject trends of library and information science research at the national and international level.

A review of various studies shows that few studies have been conducted with the approach of comparing the subject trends of library and information science researches at the national level with the researches conducted in advanced countries. China (Rochester & Vakkari, 1998) and India (Dora & Kumar, 2019) were among the countries that compared national and international researches. The results showed that the research topics of this field in more advanced countries were strongly influenced by the educational, research and social structure of those countries and were very different from the research topics conducted in India. The only comparative study conducted in Iran in the field of librarianship and information science was related to (2000) Usefi, which examined the studies of more than 25 years during a limited period (two years).

The present study is of applied type and has been done with a comparative approach between the fields of national and international research. The study population includes 84875 articles indexed in Clarity Analytics database during the years 1945-2019 and 4664 Iranian articles indexed in the ISC database during the years 1972-2019 in the library and information science. The source and tool for extracting research data to review international research topics was the Clarivate Analytics database and the ISC database to review Iranian research topics. In this study, in order to develop a thematic classification plan of articles, the method of reviewing resources and to assign articles to each of the thematic categories, the method of Automatic classification, which is one of the applications of textual analysis, was used. Data analysis was performed by calculating the frequency percentage and Chi-square test and using SPSS 22 software.

The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the number of research areas of library and information science at the national and international level. Fields such as information technology, web studies, information economy, artificial intelligence, data mining, information systems, search engines, and databases were more trending among international research, and fields such as theoretical foundations, fields related to libraries and their functions, research, knowledge management, information retrieval and scientometrics were more common among Iranian researches.

During recent decades, the world has been moving towards digital and virtual space. In this space, developments such as the increase in the volume of information and the emergence of big data on the one hand and the development of information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence tools and big data processing on the other hand, have affected the level of expectations of the people of the society from the services of libraries and the organization and accessibility of information. Has set. For this reason, librarians, information specialists and managers of libraries and information centers have taken advantage of the achievements of fields related to computer science, information technology and artificial intelligence in order to face new developments and manage large amounts of data in order to transform the traditional functions of libraries. In addition, researchers in the field of information science and epistemology, especially at the international level, are more and more interested in studying and researching in the field of data science and acquiring the most up-to-date scientific achievements and knowing the latest related tools and technologies in order to play their effective role in this space. are competitive.

The results of the current research show that the field of library and information science at the international level has established a stronger relationship with other fields, especially artificial intelligence, computer science, information and communication technology. Also, at the global level, digitization processes and information growth are faster and smart technologies and tools have made more progress than third world countries and especially Iran. In other words, advanced countries due to having more economic and political power, more advanced social structure, being a leader in information and communication technology developments, more financial and spiritual support from the governments and officials of these countries for researchers and providing a suitable platform for scientific studies, access Faster access to information sources, and the appropriateness of educational and research programs with the needs and expectations of society members, have a more targeted planning to identify the problem and choose a topic in line with the real problems and needs and in sync with the developments of the day, to carry out their research. Therefore, at the international level, applied topics based on web and internet developments and information and communication technologies should face more trends and a faster growth trend than Iranian research topics.

The global outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic posed one of the most critical conditions for the healthcare system. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive potential transfection of COVID-19 disease to humans from pets. This study is a systematic review of the latest data on COVID-19 in the animal community (wildlife, pets, and farm) from June 2017 to May 2022. Published studies were searched in various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase. Searching, data gathering, and analysis were accomplished by two reviewers separately, and conflicts between them were resolved by a third expert reviewer. In the initial research, 83 articles were found for full-text evaluation. After the reviewers’ assessment, 32 articles were included. Finally, the organisms studied in the mentioned research were classified into laboratory and non-laboratory research. The first group of laboratory animals includes rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys, macaques, and pigs. In the second group, non-laboratory patients, less than 100 dogs and cats, 6 cases of large cats, 2 cases of snakes (reptiles), and 12 cases of mink and bats were included. In dogs and cats, the symptoms are more in upper respiratory tract infections, while in herbivores, these symptoms are more in the form of enteritis and diarrhea, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Infection of dogs and cats is mainly accompanied by coughing and sneezing, while there are no reports of herbivores. Animal studies suggested that other animals can be hosted with COVID-19.

Considering the role of studying the thematic trend of knowledge and information science research in showing the weaknesses, shortcomings and the path of progress and development of that field, the present study intends to study the topics of articles conducted by Iranian researchers at the national and international levels in this field.

The present study is applied and has been done with the approach of text mining and automated classification analysis. The study population includes articles extracted from the website of Iranian journals indexed in the ISC database during 1977-2019, and the articles done by Iranian researchers that have been indexed in the Web of Science website from 2019-1945. All preprocessing and classification processes are implemented in the Python programming language.

In order to categorize the studies of knowledge and information science, by examining the study backgrounds and combining the existing classifications and consulting experts in this field, a plan consisting of 31 subject areas was prepared and based on the analysis. The findings showed that most of the researches in this field are focused on libraries and information centers and archives; respectively; Research, study and publication; Scientometrics and informatics; and Internet and web studies. In contrast, areas of artificial intelligence; Semantic and ontological web; Information and knowledge-based society; and information systems have the least amount of research. An examination of the concepts and vocabulary used in the studies of this field showed that the word "library" in Iranian articles is the most frequent concept among other concepts in this period. Other commonly used concepts in this course include: Information, University, Science, Study, Knowledge, Management, Evaluation, Web, Library, Technology, Services, and Librarians. Among co-occurrence terms, the terms university library, public library, knowledge management, information science, information retrieval behavior, information technology, medical sciences, national library, digital library, central library, and information retrieval were among the most commonly used terms. Common use of terms such as knowledge, management, technology, knowledge management and information technology, digital, digital library, social network, information literacy, cloud computing and e-government shows the increasing attention of Iranian researchers to interdisciplinary and technology-based topics. Concepts and topics of Iranian research, especially in recent years, have undergone changes in various economic, social and cultural dimensions under the influence of web development and the development of semantic technologies, smart tools, globalization and advances in communication, and comprehensive development.

The results of the present study can help in planning and decision-making regarding recognizing educational and research needs, formulating curricula, and guiding future scientific outputs towards priorities and optimal allocation of resources to them. These results can also guide researchers in deciding to select future research topics in knowledge and information science.

Emergency department (ED) overcrowding may damage patient outcomes in various settings. This systematic review investigated the association between ED crowding and patient mortality.

A search of three electronic databases namely Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science websites was done to identify all original English language published studies concerning mortalities caused by ED crowding between January 1999 and January 2019.

A total of 45 studies were included in the full-text review. After excluding 17 studies because of poor quality, 28 articles were included in the final review. Twenty articles reported a direct association between ED crowding and emergency patient mortality. With the increase in ED overcrowding, mortality also increased. Nevertheless, eight of the studies reported no association between ED crowding and mortality.

ED overcrowding significantly increased patient mortality regardless of the amount of ED overcrowding and type of diseases in most studies were assessed in this study. Additional studies are required to comprehensively assess the relationship between ED overcrowding and patients’ mortality.

 War-zone injuries are creating PTSD. This study aimed to assess Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Following Traumatic injuries among the Military Populations.

  PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar sites were searched from 2013 to 2023. Two authors separately screened, assessed, and included the studies and any disagreement resolved by senior reviewers.

Fifteen studies were included. Mental disorders among the forces showed that diseases, such as PTSD, were the highest among the military forces. The PTSD proportion in TBI cases was more significant than those without TBI. The cause of injuries and PTSD outcomes was due to blast injuries.

PTSD is among military force personnel's most common mental health disorders. Therefore, measures must be taken to prevent and control these diseases, especially among military combat forces. Classifying mental health disorders based on gender, age, the type of military service, the location of troops, the military rank of individuals, and the relationship with PTSD require further studies.

The roots of most shortcomings and problems related to problem-finding, topic selection, and part of the damage of studies in knowledge and information science can be caused by the uncertainty of the basic issues and challenges of this field, and the lack of attention to current and future study needs and fields. This makes obvious the necessity of studying and researching issues and future research needs in this field. In this regard, the current research aims to identify the issues and challenges ahead and future study areas in the field of knowledge and information science from experts' viewpoints.

The approach of the current research is qualitative in terms of the type of data. An electronic interview based on an open-response questionnaire was used to collect data. The studied population included Ph.D. students and graduates, and faculty members of public and private universities affiliated with research institutes in this field in Iran. In order to determine the sample size, the purposeful sampling method was used. The criteria for selecting the samples were willingness to participate in research and having at least 5 years of service experience in educational and research centers related to the field of knowledge and information science. According to the final purpose regarding the study of issues and leading subject areas, it was checked that the people participating in this research have, as much as possible, the research backgrounds related to the study of issues, research areas of knowledge and information science, needs, and problems. At the end of the questionnaire, by using the snowball sampling method, the aforementioned people were requested to introduce other people with experiences and views on the issues, challenges, and subjects of the field, to participate in the study. Until theoretical saturation and reaching repetitive information, sampling was continued. Finally, the opinions of 22 experts in knowledge and information science were used. The interpretive analysis method was used to analyze qualitative data and identify components. Data management and coding were done using MaxQda 2020 software. To ensure the reliability of the results, the retest reliability method (coding stability index) was used, and its value was 83%.

The analysis of transcripts of interviews led to the identification of 54 problems in this field. According to these findings, many of the challenges identified in the current research are not only specific to knowledge and information science, and some of them are also relevant in other fields, especially humanities and social sciences.The origin of some of these problems goes back to environmental conditions including social, cultural, economic, technological, etc. factors, and in general, to the policies and conditions governing the society, and some others are affected by the conditions governing the field itself. Among the identified issues and challenges, experts in knowledge and information science put special emphasis on issues related to education and the higher education system. Most of the problems raised by them were related to the state of the scientific outputs of this field. In addition, considering the rapid process of changes today and their continuation in the future, one of the most important concerns of specialists in this field is the ability to accompany and adapt to the process of comprehensive changes and manage them in order to achieve their goals and missions. The subject areas of the future were categorized by the specialists of this field in 10 main areas including education, research and science production, user studies, information organization, information retrieval, virtual libraries, knowledge management, information services, librarians and information specialists, and theoretical and philosophical foundations. According to the results regarding future issues and subject areas in the field of knowledge and information science, it can be acknowledged that, in general, the focus of future studies will be on 6 main axes: Issues related to users and their interaction with information and information systems; Topics related to information science and content management in cyberspace, including big data organization and digital content recovery; Training graduates and information specialists for effective employment in the changing work environments of the future and preparation for entrepreneurship and self-employment; Evaluation and development of science and research; Developing the relationship between information science and epistemology with other related fields including computer science, information technology, artificial intelligence, management; Futuristic studies and the use of their achievements in order to improve and keep pace with future developments; Digitization and virtualization of libraries and information centers, services and activities related to knowledge and information science.

On the one hand, these results can help policymakers and scientific, educational, and research planners in allocating financial resources to basic issues and topics, and on the other hand, they can be a guide for researchers in problem-finding and choosing practical and problem-oriented topics. These results can also provide a basis for the supervisors of this field to pay attention to the upcoming issues and challenges and plan to smooth them out.

Considering that the volume of publications is growing at an increasing speed, forecasting the research trend and identifying emerging issues is of particular importance. It should be noted that choosing the right method for accurately predicting the research trend is very important, which has been the focus of many researchers in recent years. In this regard, the present research aims to present the findings of research conducted in Iran and the world regarding the most important approaches and proposed methods for predicting the trend of scientific outputs in the future.

The present study was conducted using the scoping review method. The implementation of the current research includes 5 stages: 1) Identifying research objectives, 2) Identifying related research, 3) Selecting research, 4) Data extraction, and 5) Summarizing, discussing, and reporting the results. To identify relevant research, international databases in English (ScienceDirect, Emerald, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest) and Iranian databases in Persian (Magiran, Noormags, Civilica, SID, and Irandoc) were searched without considering the time limit. In this research, the PRISMA diagram was used for the sampling and data selection process, and the JBI evaluation tool was used to check the quality of selected sources. Finally, 117 effects were analyzed.

An overview of the studies carried out in forecasting research trends shows that these studies have attracted the most attention of researchers in the world and in Iran during the last two decades (especially from 2012 onwards), and the increasing trend in conducting these researches is evident. The most important studies conducted concerning the future of studies were the studies that identified trends and emerging research topics to determine the future direction of studies. In different periods, various approaches have been used to determine emerging issues and predict future research trends, which can be divided into 5 main categories: scientometric, quantitative and statistical, qualitative, mixed method, text mining, and machine learning. A review of studies showed that the most common approach used to identify emerging topics and predict future research trends was the scientometric approach. However, in recent years, due to the limitations of quantitative analysis and scientometric methods to determine the direction of future research, and with the increase in the volume of scientific production and the problems resulting from the analysis of large volumes of data, advances in computer technology and word processing tools. Text mining and machine learning approaches have been used to identify emerging areas and predict future research trends due to their high power in big data analysis along with traditional scientometric methods. The most important disciplines that have paid attention to the problem of predicting the trend of scientific outputs are related to sciences and engineering. It seems that paying attention to this issue in the mentioned fields can be because the speed of developments in these fields is higher and as a result of the necessity of conducting studies to predict the future developments of studies to synchronize and deal with them correctly before other fields and more has been The most important sources to be analyzed to achieve the future path of researches are the articles published in journals. The reason for the focus of these studies on journal articles can be that in any scientific field, articles are usually the result of research projects, theses, and other research experiences, which due to the limited access to these sources, can allow researchers to quickly access the results of these studies. and provide more convenience. On the other hand, scientific publications publish the latest scientific achievements and research findings in the shortest time, and this causes researchers and those engaged in scientific activities to be aware of the latest and most reliable scientific and research achievements. Therefore, to study the future trend of scientific outputs, articles have been considered more than other sources.

Different models and approaches have been proposed by researchers to follow the evolution of scientific products in the future. But it seems that a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches is needed to make accurate and reliable predictions and overcome the limitations of each of these methods. Be used simultaneously. In addition, utilizing expert opinions can be considered as a complement to scientometric analysis to predict the future. Having a future research approach in scientific policy-making and research management can play an effective role in charting the prospects of scientific development and provide the possibility of policy-making and planning for the future for researchers and stakeholders in various fields.

Identifying significant contributors to an extended stay in the hospital and readmission rate is of great importance in military settings.

The present study investigated the factors associated with multiple readmissions and total readmission days among patients with traumatic combat injuries. The data were collected from military personnel (N=775) with combat-related injuries sustained between 2014 and 2019. The data included the pattern and mechanism of injury, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), injury severity score (ISS), primary and subsequent treatments and procedures, experienced side effects, source of admission, hospital care unit, and the length of stay in the hospital. The association of the variables of interest with multiple readmissions and total readmission days was examined by logistic regression.

There was a significant relationship between multiple readmissions and total readmission days and LOS, max AIS, ISS, side effects, and blood transfusion. Among the variables influencing multiple readmissions, ISS>24 led to the highest risk.

A longer LOS within the index admission and its associated factors put patients at risk of multiple and more extended readmission events in the future. The outcomes imply that patients with more severe injuries may require high-quality care for longer durations as part of the initial hospital inpatient stay. This may motivate more effective management of combat-related injuries and the associated medical costs.

The continuation of comprehensive developments in the future and their impact on various scientific fields, reveals the need for systematic studies on future knowledge. One of the most important aspects of the field of knowledge and information science from future developments that clarifies the need for future research in this field is the study of research topics. In this regard, the present study seeks to forecast the thematic trend of future research in this field in Iran by 1409. This research is of applied type and has been done with text analysis and deep learning approach. After pre-processing and thematic classification of research, deep neural network algorithms have been used to model past research and Forecast future topics. The study population includes articles extracted from the website of Iranian publications indexed in the ISC database during the years 1972-2019 and articles conducted in Iran that have been indexed in the Web of Science website from 1945-2019. All research processes are implemented in the Python programming language. The research findings showed that in the future, the highest number of researches will be in the fields of Internet and web studies, respectively; knowledge management; Information and Communications Technology; And scientometrics and informatics will be allocated. In addition, in the next decade, the growth trend of research in the field of Internet and web studies; Scientific and information communications; Librarians and information specialists; Data mining and knowledge discovery; Artificial intelligence and future studies will be faster. Areas such as organizational management, theoretical foundations, information resource management, and information processing and management will also have fewer fans among future researchers, and in addition, in the future, the axes of organizational management; Libraries and information centers and archives; Information resource management; Information and digital literacy; And the organization of information and knowledge will experience a slower growth process. The results show that the issues that have been raised in this field in the past years, despite the changes they have had, will continue to live in the same way in the future and only the context, format, methodology and method of their implementation will change. In other words, due to the transfer of traditional functions of this field to the digital and virtual world and increasing the role of information technologies, communication tools, Internet and web development, semantic tools and intelligent technologies in providing services and different dimensions of this field, future research topics They will be affected by these developments and will move towards web-based topics based on new technologies.

The field of Knowledge and Information science needs systematic studies about the future in order to adapt and keep pace with the current developments and to effectively deal with them and maintain their position and survival in the current competitive conditions. In this regard, the present study intends to guide future researchers to develop research in this field by reviewing studies related to the future of information science and science in Iran and the world.

The present study was conducted using the systematic review method. In the present study, in order to ensure the systematic review process, the guide provided by Okoli & Schabram (2010) has been used. For this purpose, related researches were searched in international and domestic databases without considering the time limit. In total, 114 researches were analyzed.

A review of studies showed that 14 dissertations, 25 conference articles, 65 journal articles and 10 website notes addressed the issue of the future of information science and epistemology. These researches have studied the future of this field in four axes: 1. Libraries and information centers in the future; 2. Librarians and information science professionals in the future; 3. The future of education in information science and science; And 4. The future of research in this field. A significant part of this research has been done with the aim of studying the goals, functions, features, services and resources of libraries in the future.

Libraries and information centers will continue to function as an important social institution in the future, but in order to be able to compete with competitors such as the Internet, super search engines, social networks, databases, virtual reality, augmented and hybrid technologies, To maintain and improve their position of audio-visual media and other new tools, it is necessary to change their services in accordance with the needs of the day and new technologies. In the future, the development of media and information carriers will not replace the role of librarians and information science professionals, but the importance of their position will be felt. In fact, among the various technologies and media, only librarians have the ability to overcome the challenges ahead such as the increasing volume of information, the growth of Internet resources, greater diversity of user needs, facing the problems of organizing information resources in cyberspace and optimal retrieval. Information from the masses of information is inappropriate. Given the current and future developments, the need for change in the situation of education and research in this field is felt more.

The present study seeks to identify and analyze the most important events and possible events affecting the thematic process of future research in the field of information science.

The present study was conducted using resource review and Delphi methods. The research community is professors of knowledge and information science at the international and Iranian levels with study backgrounds in the field of the future of this field.

The research findings showed that 78 future events will affect the thematic process of knowledge and information science research. These events come in 6 general dimensions including teaching and learning events; Scientific and research; Innovative and technological; Social and cultural; Political and legal; And economic and employment were categorized. Among the future events, from the experts' point of view, innovative and technological events will have the greatest impact on changing the course of future research topics.

Information and communication technology is a dynamic field that has rapidly expanded its influence in most scientific fields, including knowledge and information science. It is obvious that developments due to information and communication technologies will play an important role in the content of future research in this field.

Recently, the consumption of probiotics to decrease Oxidative Stress (OS) has been recommended. The present study aimed to assess the effect of probiotics on OS in various diseases as well as in different models in a systematic review study.

Articles were searched through scientific sources such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Wiley, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus by two review authors independently. The keywords that applied to search these articles included: Probiotics, OS, Stresses, Oxidative, and Stress. Results were then combined and reviewed regarding the type of study, type of disease/participants, and outcomes.

In order to conduct this study, 19 eligible studies were investigated. The results showed that various probiotics supplements could improve OS parameters in pregnant women, patients with type 2 diabetics, Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) type 2, gestational diabetes mellitus, and the aging process, inflammatory factors in petrochemical workers, acute necrotizing pancreatitis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. However, no significant effect was reported on the oxidative status in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Probiotics supplements could improve OS biomarkers in various diseases. There are still some controversies about these methods and types of probiotics supplementations. It is recommended that more studies should be conducted for a better decision.

This study seeks to forecast the subject trend of library and information science research until 2030 based on modeling previous research topics in this field, which has been done with a text mining and in-depth learning approach. After preprocessing and thematic classification of the studies, deep neural network algorithms were used to model previous studies and forecast future topics. The study population included 90,311 journal articles in library and information science publications indexed on the Web of Science website from 1945-2020. All research processes were implemented in the Python programming language. The findings showed that the largest number of studies in the future would be related to Internet and web studies, and the growth rate of these topics will be higher in the future. However, topics related to libraries and their work processes and other traditional disciplines such as theoretical foundations will have a lower growth rate in library and information science studies. As a result, knowledge of important future issues, while helping to plan for future research, can identify study gaps and investment opportunities in the R&D sector, thereby assisting researchers, universities, and relevant research institutes in selecting projects intelligently.

Researchers at medical universities are highly active in scientific collaborations at the national, regional, and international levels. Iranian Medical researchers pay diligent attention to scientific collaborations at all levels. The present study aimed to investigate various dimensions of scientific collaborations of the researchers at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). The dimensions include the patterns and levels of national and international collaborations, interdisciplinary interactions, the relationship between geographical distance and scientific collaboration, and the interdisciplinarity pattern of international collaborations. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical method. The data were collected using scientometric measures. The research population consisted of 4499 journal articles in Web of Science (WoS) authored by SUMS researchers during 2014-2018. The VOSviewer was applied to analyze the data and visualize the networks. The results revealed that national collaboration was the dominant pattern. The results showed a desirable ratio of scientific collaborations to all publications (52%). The authors mostly tended to collaborate with American researchers. The majority of interdisciplinary collaborations were observed in the microbiology field. The results suggested that geographical distance did not affect scientific collaborations at the national and international levels (P>0.05). At the international level, SUMS researchers had the highest collaboration with the University of Manitoba and Tehran University at the national level. The results suggested that research policymakers at SUMS should prioritize research policies toward scientific collaborations at all levels and fields to share and synergize knowledge.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on user satisfaction with the Mediating Role of leader- member exchange and perceived supervisor support.

The research method is descriptive correlational study. Data collection tools were 4 organizational citizenship behavior questionnaires (24 items), member exchange (7 items), perceived supervisor support (16 items), and user satisfaction questionnaire (20 items). The research population included librarians at Regional Information and Science Information Center (120) and users (100) who were randomly selected at one month's return. The Data analysis methods were regression analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling.

The results showed that conscientiousness variables (β = 0.331) and sportsmanship (β = 0.200) had the most direct effect on users’ satisfaction against civic virtue (β = 0.215), courtesy (β = 0.68), and altruism (β = 154). The results also showed that these variables have an indirect effect on users' satisfaction.

Findings of the research proved that organizational citizenship behavior affects users’ satisfaction by considering the mediator role of leader- member exchange and supervised perceived support among librarians and users of the regional center for information science and technology.

This study aims to investigate the interdisciplinary relationships of biomedical engineering with other scientific domains in WoS during the period 1997 to 2017.

The method of the present study is descriptive survey-analytical with a quantitative and scientometric approach. The study population consisted of 9100 articles related to biomedical engineering indexed in the WOS for 21 years. 955 articles were selected through stratified random sampling.

Scientific production in the field of biomedical engineering from 1997 to 2017 has a growing trend. The tendency to co-authorship with a collaboration coefficient of 0.77 in this field is high. Data visualization showed that "biomedical engineering", "materials science - multidisciplinary", "polymer science", "electrical and electronic engineering" and "tissue and cellular engineering" are the most frequent and effective fields.

Conclustion: 

The process of research and scientific and hot topics in this field and common fields and their impact has led to the emergence of new fields of study in this profession. Since the group collaboration rate of researchers in this field is at a high level, researchers can contribute to the advancement and development of biomedical engineering through wider communication with each other.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the subject of “public libraries” in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science (WoS) and Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC). The present study is a descriptive-analytical research adopting scientometrics approach in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study consisted of 3122 documents indexed in the WoS during 1900-2019 as well as 232 documents indexed in the ISC during 1999-2017. To collect data, we refined the search to title as (TI=Public Library*) and limited it to the time span (PY=19002019) in WoS in order to avoid diversity in the retrieved documents. The same approach was followed to retrieve documents from ISC databases. Research findings showed that foreign researchers were interested in “information science and library”, “computer sciences”, and “architecture” in relation to public library studies. On the other hand, Iranian researchers focused on “public library studies”, “assessment”, and “staff studies including managers and librarians”. Considering the journals publishing research on public library issues, the findings showed that the American Library Journal (n=749) and the Iranian Research on Information Science and public libraries (n=134) published the largest number of articles on the subject at the global and local levels, respectively. USA, Canada, and England were the most productive countries in “public libraries” research area. Besides, University of Illinois and Islamic Azad University were the most active institutions publishing in this field at international and national levels with 62 and 57 documents, respectively. This study aimed to survey and compare research on public libraries in WoS and ISC. An examination of the subject area of public libraries revealed the trends of research fronts at the global level and in Iran and determines whether or not the topics of interest to world-class researchers are close to that of national researchers or if domestic researchers have addressed public library issues with an indigenous approach

Distal radius fracture is among the most common fractures of the long bones that are seen in all age groups. Treatment of these fractures in simple cases with displacement or intra-articular fractures is immobilizatgion, and if the fracture has dislocation, surgery may be required.

The aim of the study is a comparison of treatment efficacy and satisfaction in the methods of a long cast and thumb Spica cast in the patients with distal radius fractures without displacement.

This study is a randomized clinical trial with a non blinded parallel design. Eighty patients with distal radius fractures without displacement were randomly assigned to long cast and thumb Spica cast groups. Patients were randomly using a random number table assigned to one of two long cast and thumb Spica castmethods. Both groupswere examined atweeks 4 and 5 and after six weeks plaster was opened and after one week they were evaluated by DASH questionnaire. Performance (limitation of motion, grip strength) and patients’ satisfaction was assessed in the two groups.

Themean age of patientswas 49.87±13.81 years. Therewere no significant differences between two groups regarding age(P= 0.84). In thumb Spica group 60% and in the long cast group 55% were male. There was no significant difference in sex distribution between treatment groups. The DASH scores in all subjectswere 11.68±5.53. Average total DASH score in thumb Spica cast group was 7.19 ± 6.80 and in the long cast was 16.02 ± 6.23. The mean of total DASH score in thumb Spica cast group was significantly higher than long cast group that presented better performance (limitation of motion, grip strength) in thumb Spica cast group respect to long cast group (P < 0.001). Satisfaction was similar between two groups (P = 0.40).

Regarding better performance and treatment, thumb Spica cast is recommended as the preferred treatment for distal radius fractures without displacement.

The aim of this study was mapping, visualizing and determining subject trends in the field of information retrieval using author co-citation network based on articles indexed in Scopus from 2005- 2018. This scientometric study was performed using co-citation analysis. Research population includes all articles indexed in Scopus in the field of information retrieval from 2005 to 2018. Therefore, 35018 papers were retrieved in this field. VOSviewer was used to analyze the author co-citation. The study indicated that a total of 604757 authors were co-cited, 212328 journals were cited. Also highly cited articles and sources were determined. Amongst countries, United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany and Canada ranked one to five, respectively. Computer science was a pioneer with regard to interdisciplinary area in IR. It is noteworthy that visualization of author co-citation in field of IR determined ten clusters, namely knowledge and information science, computer science, electronics, information retrieval, information seeking behavior, psychology, multimedia information retrieval, software engineering, ophthalmology and surgery.

Different studies in semi-arid regions showed that application of phosphorus fertilizers under drought stress conditions increased the crop yield. Most agricultural soils contain larger amount of fixed form of Phosphorus (P) than available P, a considerable part of which has accumulated as a consequence of regular applications of P fertilizers. Certain microorganisms such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria fungi, actinomycetes mostly those associated with the plant rhizosphere are known to convert insoluble inorganic phosphorus into soluble form that could be utilized by the plants. Among them, some phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are being used as phosphatic biofertilizers for crop production. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria can solubilize fixed form of P to available form by the secretion of various kinds of organic acids, phosphatase enzyme, growth hormones etc. and increase availability of P to the plants. In this point of view, phosphatic biofertilizer may be used as an alternate option of chemical P fertilizer for lentil cultivation. Therefore, the present study was under taken to evaluate the effects of biofertilizer, chemical phosphorus and integrated application of fertilizers on yield and physiologic characteristics of lentil under drought and normal condition in karaj climate. To evaluate the effect of drought stress on seed yield and physiological traits of lentil cultivar (Ziba) with chemical and bio phosphorus fertilizer, an experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete blocks design CRBD design with four replications in research farm of University of Tehran (Karaj-Iran) during 2014-15. The main factor included three irrigation levels (irrigation after 70, 90 and 130 mm evaporation from open pan class A) and sub treatment were the kind of phosphorus fertilizers (100% super phosphate triple (P); bio-fertilizer; 50% P + bio-fertilizer; no p fertilizer and bio-fertilizer as a check) The bio-fertilizer contained co-inoculation of phosphobacterin (pseudomonas strains 93 & 187) and azotobactor. The characteristics recorded were no. of pods per plant, seed yield, seed protein content (%), relative water content (RWC), proline content and total leaf chlorophyll.
For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) were performed using SAS ver. 9.2 software. Interaction effect of irrigation and type of fertilizer had significant effect on pod number per plant, protein percentage, relative water content, free proline and chlorophyll content. The results indicated that normal irrigation (irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from open pan class A) × integrated phosphorus fertilizer (50% P + inoculation with bio-fertilizer) gave the highest seed yield. Similarly, P and bio-fertilizers application under severe drought stress condition produced higher seed yield compared to other treatments. This can be explained that PB inoculation enhanced the solubilization of phosphates in rhizosphere soil of lentil which stimulated the native Rhizobium and attributed to increase the nodule number and weight ultimately that showed positive effects on other growth and yield attributes of lentil.
However, for the RWC under normal irrigation × bio-fertilizer; for the total leaf chlorophyll under normal irrigation × 100% super phosphate triple; and for the proline content under severe drought stress × 100% super phosphate triple gave the highest values. With drought stress conditions, the leaf RWC and Proline contents reduced, which represented a relationship between these physiological traits and lentil seed yield. In general, from the view of reducing chemical fertilizer uses to manner the environment-friendly and cost-saving cultivation, application of 50% P + seed inoculation with bio-fertilizer based on the result of this study is recommended.

This study aims to investigate Iran scientific production Pre-revolutionary by 2016 with the emphasis on the conferences proceedings, highly cited and hot papers, and open access papers, in the light of the Law of Economic, Social, and Cultural Development Plan of Iran. Descriptive – analytical method used. To achieve research objectives data extracted from Clarivate Analytics (Thomson Reuters) using search strategy CU=IRAN. Analysis is based on conferences proceedings, highly cited and hot papers, and open access papers indexed in Web of Science during 1931- 2016. The findings showed that the conferences papers had a significant growth over time, and in general, before the Islamic Revolution, no conferences papers from Iran were registered in this database, and the growth of these articles was after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, so that from one conference paper in 1989 to 3529 articles in 2015 (and 502 papers for first seven months in 2016). Also, the status of highly cited and hot papers indicates that in general, these papers have been compiled from 1134 highly cited papers since 2006 and 45 are hot papers that have been registered in this database. On the other hand, the status of open access articles suggests that the researchers are more likely to welcome these articles. However, the significant growth of these articles dates back to the fourth decade, with 25813 open access papers, most of which are published in 2015 with 4502 papers. The findings showed that the annual compound growth of conferences papers over the second period of the second development plan was 47.12%, which shows a decrease in the third plan (19.64%) with a negative growth of 8.38%. In the fourth plan, the growth rate of the articles of the conferences is 35.37% and represents 6.6% growth more than third plan. Between the fifth and fourth plans, we experience 18.82% of downtrend. There is no negative growth in the highly cited and hot papers between the second and the fifth plans, but the growth of these papers is not impressive. During the first to fifth plans, the development of open access articles has been significant, but the growth rate of a five-year plan is not prominent to another plan. In this regard, the findings showed that in the fifth development plan, we observed a decrease of 6.59% compared to the fourth plan. Although Iran has achieved a high status in terms of scientific quantity, it is necessary to pay more attention to applied quality research, in accordance with the Law of the Economic, Social, and Cultural Development Plan of Iran, and the responsible bodies and planners must prioritize this issue. With the efforts of the Iranian scholars and the necessary support in this regard, the influential presence of science and technology in the welfare of society is observed.

Medicinal plants are one of the main natural resources of Iran from ancient times. Perilla is an annual plant of the mint family Lamiaceae, native to east Asia and widely cultivated in India, China, Japan, Hong Kong, South and North Korea. Since, there was no study not only on adoptability of Perilla in Iran climate conditions but also on different fertilizer systems, this experiment was conducted in two experimental site (Mashhad Arde hal and Sen sen of Kashan). Experiment was conducted as split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at two experimental site in 2014. The main factor three chemical fertilizer levels (control, 50, 100, 200 kg/ha) and sub plots were different kinds of organic fertilizer (control, humic acid and compost application) and inoculation with Piriformospora indica (inoculation and uninoculation). Plant height, node number per plant, flower number per inflorescence, stem number per plant, leaf area index, plant yield, rosmarinic content and rosmarinic yield per area were studied. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SAS software (version 9.1). Also, means comparison were compared by LSD test at 5% probability level. The results showed a significance different between two experimental locations so that Mashhad Arde hal showed better performance than Sen sen in terms of all studied traits. Among levels of chemical fertilizers, 50 and 100 kg/ha and between organic fertilizer, humic acid was recorded better result but biological fertilizers had no significance effect on studied traits, however, this fertilizer positive effects were obtained along with other fertilizer integrations. The highest plant yield (147.2 gr/m2) and rosmarinic acid yield per area (3.432 gr/m2) was achieved in 100 kg/ha at chemical fertilizer with humic acid and biological fertilizer application and the lowest plant yield (89.86 gr/m2) and rosmarinic acid yield per area (1.253 gr/m2) was observed in control. It seems that integrated application of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers improved soil physical and chemical properties and resulted in increase in availability of nutrients and ultimately the yield and quality of plants. Overall, Mashhad Arde hal due to good soil and climate charactristics was better for planting Perilla as compared to the Sen sen region. Also, integrated application of the studird fertilizers showed more positive effect on yield and quality of Perilla than individual application of those fertilizers