mohammadreza nili

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of integrative e-learning design model on the academic performance of farhangiyan university students in Hamedan province. The current research was of applied type in the category of semi-experimental design with unequal control group. The stoical population of the study included all male undergraduate students in the field of Persian language and literature education, 30 of whom were selected through available sampling and randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups. At first, the academic performance pre-test was taken from both groups. Then the experimental group was trained based on the integrative e-learning design model for 10 sessions 90 minutes. The training for the control group was without intervention and using the usual electronic method and the same number of sessions and hours. Then, the post-test of academic performance was performed on both groups. The instrument used included the researcher made pre and posttest of objective academic performance with expert validation and reliability calculated at 0/79(pretest) and 0/81(posttest) through Cronbach,s alpha. Then the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and covariance test. The finding showed that the application of integrative e-learning design model had a favorable effect on ...

This study aimed to investigate the situation of blended learning in the high school of Kohrang city. For its implementation, a mixed research method was used. The research had two statistical populations. The first group was scientific experts, executive experts and the second group was school principals, teachers of the first and second secondary courses, and education experts from the Department of Education of Kohrang. The method of selecting participants in the qualitative part was targeted (17 people) and in the quantitative part, stratified sampling was used (120 people). For data collection, semi-structured interviews were used in the qualitative part, and researcher-made questionnaires extracted from the interviews were used in the quantitative part. The validity of the questionnaire was done using face and content validity (0.79) and its reliability was also done using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for strengths of 0.79; Weaknesses 0.77; Opportunities were estimated at 0.82 and threats at 0.81. The findings showed that the most important point of strength was quick feedback to students and the most important point of weakness was the low level of electronic preparation of schools. The most important opportunity has been to achieve the goals of the education reform document as best as possible, and the most important threat has been to reduce the level of parental supervision over children. According to the findings of the research, the strengths outweigh the weaknesses and the opportunities outweigh the threats, so the proposed strategy of education is SO (Strength-Opportunity Strategy).

The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of teacher professional development according to the patterns and models of teacher professional development.The approach of the present study is qualitative and its method is meta-combination based on the model of Ervin et al(2011).The research community consists of 276 scientific-research articles published in prestigious scientific journals that in the period of 1392 and 2008 have been in the field of professional development of teachers and provide a model in this field. The research sample includes 29 studies that have been purposefully collected and selected based on thematic monitoring of data.The dimensions and components of professional development were classified into 5 dimensions and 22 axes. These dimensions include individual,organizational,socio-cultural,strategic,contextual and obstacles and challenges. By considering these axes, educational policy makers can provide the basis for improving and designing a local model of professional development for teachers.

Tour guides are the key players in the tourism industry. They should acquire the necessary training and skills to meet the expectations of this sector. Besides, one way to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the education sector is to assessing its curriculum. The present study aimed to assess the curriculum inputs of the tour guide field of technical-vocational branch with an outcome-based curriculum approach. This research was conducted by an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design. The statistical population consisted of 13 teachers,171 students and 63 graduates of the tour guide in the technical-vocational branch in Isfahan. In this research used two proportional stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. The interview questions' validity and the questionnaire were confirmed using content validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire questions was confirmed using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.79≤ α ≤0.89). The qualitative findings were analyzed via the content analysis technique and the quantitative findings via SPSS 23 software. The results showed that the teachers assessed the content of the curriculum, facilities and equipment and the characteristics of the inputs as undesirable and the teachers’ characteristics and abilities as moderate. There was also a significant difference between the views of students and graduates in terms of inputs. The general conclusion is that the inputs in the curriculum of the tour guide in the technical-vocational branch regarding teachers’ characteristics and abilities are moderately outcome-based and in other components are not outcome- based.

University training for committed and specialized human resources is not provided only through specialized skills training; graduates in any field need high quality soft skills for fulfilling the requirements of the community, so the proper integration of such skills into the curriculum of that profession is essential. Given the significance of soft skills in the success and quality of dentistry and lack of attention to soft skills training in basic sciences courses, the present study aimed to identify the requirements of the process-oriented integration of soft skills training in basic sciences courses of dentistry.

The present qualitative study employed a semistructured interviewing technique for data collection. The research population consisted of 39 basic sciences faculty members at Isfahan and Mazandaran Universities of Medical Sciences and education experts selected by a purposive sampling technique. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

For the process-oriented integration of soft skills in basic sciences courses, the current study identified four central requirements: providing background conditions (provision of socio-cultural contexts in society; development of educational and evaluation platforms in pre-university courses), providing professionalism (development of professionalism in the doctoral course of basic medical sciences; improvement in the model of faculty members), providing conditions for changing the curriculum (modification of curriculum and objectives in the basic sciences courses in dentistry; development of the attitude and knowledge of basic science faculty members towards soft skills training), and providing conditions for university pedagogy (provision of interactive and communication conditions; benefitting from diverse and appropriate learning activities; development of faculty members’ pedagogical abilities).

Medical sciences curriculum planners can integrate the soft skills of dentistry in the basic science courses of the field by providing the conditions for the identified requirements.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the Basic competencies of teachers to achieve the domain Islamic (ideological) and moral education. In order to achieve this objective, the present study is based on a qualitative research approach and has used the Phenomenological method to answer the questions. The statistical population included three groups teachers of teacher training centers, faculty members of the departments of educational sciences and Islamic Studies of Isfahan and Yazd universities and experts in Islamic theological. Purposive sampling method based on snowball was continued until the researcher reached a theoretical saturation using semi structured interviews with 22 members of the sample. After transcribing the interviews, in order to analyze the information coding and categorization methods were used. According to the experts, the Basic competencies of teachers in in the domain Islamic (ideological) education include categories of religious insight and love and in the Worship dimensions categories competencies expected is Worship insight, Worship tendency and Worship behavior and three categories of moral cognition, moral feeling and moral behavior are the competencies expected in moral education.

The goal of professional development centers is to enhance the skills and knowledge of faculty members. Therefore, the professional development center offers a range of services. Purpose of this article was to study activities of the professional development center in the top world's universities.

The Brady model used in this comparative study. Fifteen world top universities, based on the Shanghai ranking, was selected by targeted sampling method on five continents of the world, and studied the activities and services in professional development centers. In this method, the needed information for the research is collected by using existing documents and then, they were categorized into separate categories and analyzed and compared.

In addition to workshops and seminars, the most important activities and services of professional development centers in selected universities are studying and researching in teaching and learning, teaching grant, teaching awards , evaluation of teaching, materials and educational environment

Although the services provided by the centers of professional development are different, depending on the conditions and facilities of the universities , But by studying the centers of the top universities, it is possible to achieve common points and use their successful experience.

The purpose of this study was to compare the implementation of professional development programs for elementary teachers in Iran, America, Malaysia, Japan, England, and Finland. This qualitative research adopted George Bereday’s comparative method. The selection of countries was based on their success in implementing professional development programs for elementary teachers. The data were collected through reading books and documents and semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the study included both information sources, such as documents related to the professional development programs of elementary teachers in selected countries, and human sources, including Iranian teachers who experienced teaching in Iranian educational complexes in selected countries and were well informed about the professional development in those countries. The study sample was selected using purposive sampling. The findings showed that the selected countries were similar in new methods of teaching and learning, curricula implementation in a cooperative and group manner, utilization of teachers’ experiences in implementing curriculum, employment of information and communication technology (ICT) in education and virtual education environments, new methods (e.g., problem-solving using a constructive and research-oriented approach). However, the same selected countries were different in terms of individual and group learning, examination of teachers’ experiences concerning lesson study, simulation, the teaching of cognitive skills, and a centralized system of education. In addition, the results showed that Iran followed a piecemeal and non-specialized approach to teachers’ professional development. Therefore, to improve the existing teachers’ professional development programs, education policy-makers need to pay careful attention to macro-planning in the area of teachers’ professional development, conduct continuous educational needs assessment, and consider new teaching and learning approaches.

students didn’t have the opportunity to engage in problem-solving and knowledge management activities in traditional teaching methods. So, it is essential to change the instructional approach in order to use the online resources and material that leads to creating modern techniques. One of the new methods is flipped learning, which improves basic skills.

The present study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of instructional packages based on flipped learning on students’ metacognition and problem-solving skills.

The method was semi-quasi with a pre-and post-test design. The statistical population was all students in Alashtar. It is chosen 60 students through simple probability sampling. The instruments were Haroldetil and Abedi’s metacognition questionnaire and a researcher-made problem-solving test. The control group was taught through traditional methods, and it is designed and developed an instructional package based on flipped learning for the experimental group the teacher and students’ activities are done in three stages: pre and during, and after class. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance.

There is a significant difference between the control and experimental group in meta cognition and problem-solving skill. (p<0.01). It means that the means in the experimental group is higher than the control group.

Based on the findings, it concluded that flipped class help in managing time appropriately, and training metacognition, and problem-solving skill. The teacher has more opportunities to concentrate on important issues and content and see more effective and deeper learning.

In virtual in-service teacher training, instructional support or scaffolding is an essential component of effective training that can be provided in the form of computer-based scaffolding. Personalization of computer-based scaffolding is achieved with dynamic computer-based scaffolding. The purpose of this study is to design and validate a model of dynamic computer-based scaffolding in virtual in-service teacher training. The research method used in this research was mixed method with sequential exploratory design. In qualitative research, the synthesis research method was used and the components of the model were extracted and a concept and process model was designed. Quantitative research was used to validate the model and survey research method and questionnaire were used and the internal validity of the proposed model was confirmed. Dynamic computer-based scaffolding model in virtual in-service teacher training has 8 main components and 47 sub-components. Key components include analysis with 11 subcomponents, design with 16 subcomponents, development with 3 subcomponents, implementation with 3 subcomponents, evaluation with 8 subcomponents, dissermination with 3 subcomponents, process evaluation and revision, and review and revision with 3 subcomponents. Internal validaty findings from experts showed that concept and process model have a high internal validity. Dynamic computer-based scaffolding model in online in-service teacher training can be used to design dynamic and computer-based instructional support and lead to learning and independent performance in the future.

  Establishing this connection between the city and nature can be in the form of bringing nature into the city and introducing natural symbols in the urban ecosystem. It is obvious that it is necessary to find solutions to restore the favorable condition of the environment. In this regard, establishing a compatible relationship with nature again can be very useful, and this is only possible by rebuilding the relationship between the city and nature. On the other hand, the knowledge of fractals and biomorphic architecture can contain the necessary potential to organize the environmentally friendly design process, which was the goal of the present study. The descriptive analytical research method is accompanied by logical reasoning, which uses maps and satellite images using AutoCAD and ArcGIS software. At the end, strategies for sustainable environmental planning and design of these northern areas of Tehran are presented. The results of the research have shown that topography, hydrology and vegetation as the main and shaping patterns of the environment and landscape are directly related to each other and have very similar complexities and curves in terms of shape. And in a general composition they also follow a shape movement and this movement shape is wavy and congressional and has many protrusions and depressions in different scales.

The purpose of e-learning is to create favorable learning cognitions in the instructional-learning process. One of the success criteria in these courses is awareness of this learning method and its proper use. This study endeavored to investigate the effectiveness of synchronous and asynchronous e-learning on students' academic performance.

This was applied study with a pre-test-post-test research design included control and experimental groups. The research population included all undergraduate nursing students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in the second semester of the academic years 2021-2022 (about 260 individuals). From this population, 30 individuals were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (15 individuals in each group). Initially, the academic performance pre-test was conducted for both groups. Then, the control group was taught the content of the psychology course in the form of asynchronous e-learning, and the experimental group was taught the same content in the form of synchronous e-learning. Afterwards, the academic performance post-test was administered for both groups. The instrument used included a 20-question objective test of pre-test and post-test academic performance from the psychology course. The content validity of this tool was verified through the confirmation of psychological experts. The reliability of the tool was calculated through Cronbach's alpha for pre-test 81% and post-test 79%. To analyze the data, covariance test was used.

The result showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of the academic performance of the psychology course in the post-test of the two groups trained by the synchronous method (p< .001): and the use of e-learning at the experimental group promoted the academic performance in the psychology course.

Based on the purpose of the electronic teaching-learning process, the use of synchronous learning improves the academic performance of students. Accordingly, planning and using this method is recommended.

The study is aimed to designing and validating the flipped learning model to in order to improving the metacognition and problem solving on elementary school students. It is used exploratory mixed method, so in qualitative part. It is used inductive content analysis to developing the instructional model and in quantitative part used professional’s survey to internal validating. It is used content analysis and researcher-made questionnaire to collecting the data in qualitative and quantitative method respectively. The questionnaire’s reliability was 0.91 by alpha Cronbach and its content validity was confirmed by content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). The statistical populations were written and electronic resources and documents from 2000 to 2020 and professionals in educational technology and psychology and educational management in qualitative and quantitative part respectively. The samples were 13 books, 88 articles and 4 theses that chosen and analyzed purposively to determining the components of model. It is chosen 20 professionals in order to validating the model. Based on content analysis, it is collected 4 main components. Also, there were 21 sub-components and70code. After content analysis and coding, the components and sub-components is developed as conceptual and procedural model. The result based on professional’s opinion in internal validating showed that the presented instructional model has internal validity and be effective on teaching to students.

The aim of this study is to investigate the status of faculty members in the evaluation of curricula of top universities in the country and the world in order to design a scale for evaluating the valid curriculum for faculty members. This research has a mixed method of exploratory-sequential type in the form of tool design. The statistical population consisted of four groups of curriculum development experts and faculty members from top universities, officials of study centers of top public universities, officials of the Ministry of Science and Documents of selected universities of the world. The sampling process was conducted through purposeful method and the data collection tools were a semi-organized interview, document analysis and a curriculum evaluation scale. The findings revealed that top universities around the world use the ideas from all internal and external stakeholders such as faculty members, students, alumni and employers in the curriculum evaluation process. in Iranian universities, internal and external stakeholders are limited in their ability to evaluate curricula, and faculty members are more likely to participate in the evaluation of academic curricula than other groups, depending on the context in which they are offered. Finally a scale of eight validated domains with 60 items and 6 open-ended questions is developed and presented for curriculum evaluation based on the perspectives of university faculty members.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Hexad player styles and Kolb learning styles. The research method was a correlation. The statistical population of the study included all students of Zanjan University in the 2019 academic year, of which 120 people were selected as a sample of research by available sampling method. To measure the variables, the Hexad player style Questionaire (Marczewski, 2016) and learning styles Questionaire (Kolb's,2005) were used. The research data were analyzed using the logistics regression method. The results of data analysis on the relationship between game styles and learning styles indicate that the social player style is predictable by divergent, pragmatic, and convergent learning styles and the direction of the relationship in these three styles is positive: divergent (p = ./05), pragmatic (p =./05) and convergent (p =. /05). Also, the results show that the Diverging learning style significantly predicts achiever player style. The direction of this relationship is negative (p = ./05); That is, people who have a higher achiever player style have a less divergent learning style. Also, the Converging learning style can significantly predict the Disrupter player style. The direction of this relationship is positive so learners who have a convergent learning style also have a Disrupter player style. As a result, the dimensions of learning styles and their components can be a good predictor of game styles.

Family performance is one of the factors that can affect students and their learning quality. The purpose of the present study was to design and develop a proposed model of parental involvement and its impact on the learning of first grade students.

In this study, mixed method was used. In the qualitative part of the research, inductive content analysis was used and in the quantitative part, a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test was used. In the qualitative part of the research, documents, articles, books and texts that were extracted from interviews with 27 expert teachers and parents were analyzed. The teachers and parents were selected in a purposeful manner. Inductive content analysis including key text, coding, subcategories and categories were used to analyze the qualitative data. According to the content analysis, five main components (analysis, decision making, family interaction and education, dimensions of family participation and evaluation and feedback) and 55 sub-components were extracted for the main components. In the quantitative part of the study, the statistical population includes all first grade male students studying in Tehran province, Iran. The sample in the quantitative section consisted of 60 first grade elementary school students in the city of Quds, who were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 30 (experimental and control). Also, Cronbach's alpha method was used to collect quantitative data. At the level of descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and at the level of inferential statistics Univariate analysis of covariance were used to compare the two experimental and control groups in terms of the mean score obtained.

The results obtained from the analysis of data related to the research hypothesis showed that after removing the pre-test effect (adjusted mean), there was a significant difference between the mean scores of learning in the two groups in the post-test (p <0.001). Therefore, the results of this study, along with other researches, indicate the positive role of parental involvement in enhancing the learning of first grade students.

Therefore, it is recommended to use this model as one of the executive approaches to achieve one of the major goals in the document of fundamental transformation of nurturing education "increasing participation and overall effectiveness of the family, especially in the education system".

User interfaces are a crucial factor in ensuring the success of an application. Mobile Educational Applications not only provides the flexibility of learning, but also allows learners to learn at any time and any place. The purpose of this article is to investigate the factors affecting the design of the user interface in mobile educational applications.

The research method used in this research is quantitative content analysis method. The statistical population included scientific documents in EBSCO, Scopus, Springer, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases for the period 2014-2019, using Internet searches with keywords for user interface design, mobile-based education and educational applications were searched. The volume of the research population consisted of 35 documents, which were selected 27 valid documents by targeted sampling method. In order to verify the selected researches, the articles were first categorized in terms of objectives, methodology and results, and their results were compared, and their similarities and differences were studied.

Placing the user in control, reducing the user’s memory load and making the interface consistent are three main rules in user interface design. Among the features of educational user interface design can be mentioned to the development of problem solving skills, fading the degree of scaffolding provided by the interface over time, supporting distributed problem solving, attracting learnerchr('39')s attention, enabling learners to interact with each other to facilitate retrieval of knowledge and supporting of management of cognitive load.

With recent advances in technology, there is now more flexibility to control the interface available to learners. At the same time there has been an increasing emphasis upon more interactive and collaborative approaches to using learning technologies. A mobile-based educational user interface design framework can enhance user performance with respect to cognitive performance and interaction which ensures better user experience.

The dentistry profession requires a high level of soft skills whose training seems necessary to respond to the community and increase the quality of specialized practice.

The present study was conducted to examine the status of soft skills training in dentistry basic sciences courses and identify the capabilities of each basic sciences course for the process-oriented integration of soft skills in the dentistry profession.

The present qualitative study was conducted in 2018-2019.Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The study’s statistical population included the faculty members of the basic sciences of Isfahan and Mazandaran universities of medical sciences Iran, using purposive sampling. Moreover, the content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Soft skills training in the dentistry profession was not one of the educational objectives of basic sciences courses in this field, and teaching and evaluation methods used by professors had less capability to develop these skills. Additionally, the results showed that most of the identified soft skills in five domains had the integration capability in most basic sciences courses. Only some differences were observed in the integration of soft skills in the cognitiveintellectual domain.

It is suggested to include soft skills training in the objectives of dentistry basic sciences courses and consider the capabilities of each course and curricula to correct teaching and evaluation methods in this regard. Furthermore, it is recommended to strengthen the capabilities of basic sciences professors to integrate soft skills.

The present study aims to identify and validate the processes and outputs of the media thinking and literacy curriculum from Isfahan City teachers’ and students’ viewpoints. This applied research employs an exploratory sequential-instrumental mixed-methods design for data collection. The research participants in the qualitative section include experts in the field of media literacy and curriculum from who 20 individuals were selected via purposive and snowball sampling methods. In the quantitative section, the population consisted of teachers of media thinking and literacy and tenth-grade students in Isfahan, from whom 210 teachers and 385 students were selected as participants. Research data were collected through a semi-structured interviewing technique and a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the interview and questionnaire was confirmed via content validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained via Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 96%. Findings indicated that the desired indicators of this curriculum have the necessary validity. Besides, compared to the desired indicators, the current state of the curriculum processes of media thinking and literacy in the category "using new teaching methods" was assessed lower than the expected level. As the research results showed, to improve the processes and outputs of the thinking and media literacy curriculum and to achieve its goals and missions, it is necessary to review the teaching methods of the course, officials, planners, and trustees of the educational system, and pay more attention to content and topics such as the growth of critical thinking in students as well as how they can manage and use the media properly.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the placement of job skills required by students in work and technology courses in upstream education documents. The research method was content analysis and the research population consisted of content of upstream documents. The census method was used in this study and all upstream documents were analyzed. The research tool consists of constructs of content analysis of job skills and researcher-made technology. The findings showed that the occupational skills required by the students in the work and technology courses can be formulated into three main categories (individual, occupational and technology) and 21 sub-categories. It was also found that in the content of the upstream documents, individual skills (45%), job skills (32%) and technology skills (23%) were discussed. The highest coefficient of importance was related to the comprehensive scientific map of the country (41%) and the lowest coefficient of importance was related to general employment policies (12%). Therefore, it is essential to integrate individual, occupational, and technological skills with the primary mission of work and technology lessons that are based on the acquisition of practical life skills.

Soft skills are the key indicators of success and quality of performance in various professions, including the dental profession. The skills are the main tools for enhancing the quality of technical work in Dentistry. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the soft skills in dental profession.

The study employed a mixed methods research. In the qualitative phase, the dental skills were identified using a semi‑structured interview with faculty members and dental students. In the quantitative phase, the soft skills were prioritized with Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The data analysis was using Expert Choice software.

The results showed that the dental profession to improve the quality of performance needs to 29 soft skills in six categories. In professional ethics, work ethics (with weight of 0.212) and responsibility (0.188); in artistic skills, handicrafts (0.616); in cognitive skills, decision‑making ability (0.290) and spatial thinking (0.249); in communication skills, verbal/nonverbal communication and listening (0.266), and patience (0.240); in individual characteristics, stress management (0.381) and self‑esteem (0.260); and finally, in management skills, time management (0.481) are among the most important soft skills in dental profession.

Identify and prioritize the soft skills can help to improve the quality of performance the dental profession. Therefore, it is recommended to integrate these skills into the dentistry curriculum. Moreover, by increasing the number of studies the essential backgrounds for developing soft skills in dentistry education will be provided.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the "Philosophy for Children (P4C)" program training on assertiveness and interpersonal relationships in elementary school students in Tehran. The present study was a descriptive, semi-experimental, pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all male students in the second year of elementary school studying in one of the public primary schools in Tehran in the academic year 2018-19. From this community, by multi-stage cluster sampling method, region 2 was first selected and one school was selected from among the boys' primary schools in region (2), which includes 84 male students in the 4th (28), 5th (26) and 6th (30) grades. 30 of them were randomly divided into experimental (15) and control (15) groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of philosophy program intervention training for children and the control group did not receive any intervention. For data collection, Gambril and Ritchie boldness or assertiveness questionnaire was used. The validity and reliability of this test were reported by Gambril and Rigi (1975) equal to 0.39 to 70 and 0.87, respectively, and Bahrami (1996) have calculated the validity coefficient of this test as 0.88. Also, the Teacher Interpersonal Relationships Assessment Scale developed by Viro Davin (1980) was used. Viro Davin concluded by analyzing the questionnaire questions that this questionnaire is a useful tool for measuring aspects of students' social behavior (r=0.87) The results showed that the training of the philosophy program for children has a significant effect on the improvement of interpersonal relationships and students' assertiveness (P <0.05). It can be concluded that the children's philosophy program can be used for an effective interventional method to increase assertiveness and improve interpersonal relationships.

Improving the curriculum of academic disciplines requires to consider the perspectives and needs of the curriculum constituencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of graduates in evaluating the curricula of the top universities in Iran and the world in order to design a specific curriculum evaluation scale for graduates. A mixed sequential -exploratory research in the form of instrument design was chosen for this study. Statistical population consisted of six groups. The first group included faculty members and curriculum experts at top universities, the second group was officials of educational planning centers at top universities and the third group was relevant officials in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology from which a total of 30 people were interviewed. The fourth group consisted of the worldchr('39')s selected universities, the fifth group included masterchr('39')s degree program instructors in some humanities disciplines at top universities, and the sixth group consisted of 30 employed graduates. Data collection tool was semi-structured interview, documents analysis, and specific graduate- researcher-made scale. The validity of the interview questions was content-based that used the opinions of ten academic experts. The reliability of the interview data was done through re-implementation of the interviews and the use of peer group as well as the validity of the graduate scale in terms of contents and validation using Lawshe coefficient. The internal correlation of variables was estimated through Cronbachchr('39')s alpha. The findings showed that the worldchr('39')s leading universities use the views of all constituencies such as faculty members, students, graduates and employers to improve and revise curricula. In comparison, in Iranian universities, graduates, except in exceptional cases, do not participate much in the evaluation of curricula, and even experts consider the importance and necessity of graduate participation lower than other constituencies. Using the obtained data, a scale with 62 phrases and 7 open-ended questions was developed to evaluate the curriculum from the perspective of graduates.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the desirable methods of evaluation of undergraduate law & psychology internship. This study adopted a mixed approach. In the qualitative section, interviews were conducted with 53 experts, faculty members from the University of Isfahan, lawyers, psychologists and graduate students who were selected using a purposive random sampling method. The statistical population of the quantitative section of this study was a small number of 5th-7th grade students and graduates of 2014-2017 in law and psychology, 264 of them were selected by stratified random sampling method. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. Content validity was used to determine the validity of the interview and the questionnaire. Reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and 85% were reported. In this research, the categorization method for qualitative analysis and inferential statistics tests; Kolmogorov-Smirnov, single sample t, t two independent samples, Friedman and multivariate analysis of variance for quantitative analysis are used. The results of the study showed to assess internship in the field of law, examine student performance in simulated situations and in the field of psychology examining the students' practical and diagnostic ability to address the clients' problems should be highly focused. The participants in the interview also emphasized the assessment by the professor based on the portfolio in real situations of law students and reviewing sample work in objective situations and providing written reports by students of the field of psychology.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of employers in the evaluation of curricula of the top universities of the country and the world in order to design a scale for employers. The research method has been a sequential exploratory mixed method of instrumentation types and the statistical population consisted of six groups. The first group is comprised of faculty members and experts in curriculum development of the top universities. The second group includes officials and educational planning centers of the top universities. The third group consists of relevant officials of the Ministry of Science, and the fourth group is the world’s top universities. Also, the fifth group involves instructors of master's degrees in educational sciences, social sciences and administrative sciences from public universities, and the sixth group consists of employers. Besides, data assimilation tools, semi-organized interviews, document analysis, and researcher-made scales are used in the research process. The findings show that in the world’s top universities, there is a close relationship between the university and the employers. Employers have roles such as helping to develop curricula, setting professional standards for jobs, assessing students' knowledge and skills, accreditation of curricula, explaining expectations to graduates, job counseling, and even teaching. In comparison, in the country's top universities, employers, except for a few cases, do not participate in the process of developing and evaluating curricula. By using the data, a curriculum evaluation scale has been developed from the opinion of employers, including 21 phrases and six open-ended questions.