mohammadsadeq nasrollahi

The main issue of this research is to achieve the desired model of people's participation in cyberspace governance and its main question is as follows: based on the theoretical foundations of religious democracy, what is the ideal model of cyber space governance? In order to find the answer, the required data were collected through interviews with the experts and documentary methods, and analyzed with using Grounded Theory method. The statistical community of experts in this research is a collection of policymakers, executive managers, university professors and researchers related to the field of cyberspace governance in Iran, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with 12 of them using theoretical sampling. The findings collected during 3 stages of open, central and selective coding were analyzed and the validity and reliability of the research process was evaluated and confirmed based on the four criteria of compliance, comprehensibility, generalization and control. The findings of this study show that by considering the differences between cyberspace governance and physical space governance that are emergent of the contextual factors (namely the specific features of this space), the realization of the religious democracy theory in cyberspace governance is possible through a meta-governance. The result of this research is that The Religious and Peopleized Model of Meta-Governance is a combination of three governance models: hierarchical governance model in the infrastructure layer, market governance model in the service layer, and network governance model in the content layer, that surrounded by the principles of the religious democracy theory.

The problem is the difference between the current situation and the desired one. However, basically what happens when we are confronted with a phenomenon that we call "problem"? What happens when we look at something that creates a spark in our mind while it has not been the same for another person who is looking at the same thing? What creates problematic sparks in minds is "theory." Every cultural theory has a key criterion called the desired situation, and what directly or indirectly prevents the realization of this desirable situation would be called a "cultural problem." Therefore, it is desirable to determine what is problem and what is not problem. Examining the problem-solving model in any society reveals the way of looking at issues in a system based on a specific cultural theory. The study of the scientific literature of the (our) country shows the lack of theoretical studies and at the same time observes the practice and reality in the field of cultural issues that are focused on the cultural realities of Iranian society. This case study, by case study of one of the cultural organizations of the public sector of the country, and using the thematic analysis method, has proposed an example of the conceptual model of problematics. This three-dimensional model shows how the view of cultural issues is formed by this cultural organization. Also, a five-dimensional management conceptual model was drawn, which studies showed that all cultural issues in this organization follows these five aspects.

The “Internet of Things” is a technology that can widely transform the culture of society, so its being imported to the country and its further expansion in the near future because of bringing extraordinary economic benefits necessitates the identification of its cultural outcome and impacts.  This research has benefited from interview to collect data and thematic analysis method .Through interviews with the experts, a "pattern of the positive (constructive) cultural impacts of the IoT" and a "pattern of the negative (destructive) cultural impacts of the IoT" have been obtained. According to these two patterns, the massive cultural impacts of the IoT are in these domains: “religious beliefs, values and rites”, “systems of cultural beliefs and values”, “systems of conduct and behavioral styles”, “oral expressions”, “behavioral expressions”, “human communication”, “family institution”, “cultural heritage and cultural diversity, art and media”, “social organizational forms and structures ”, “education system”, “decision-making structures”, “structure and forms of political organization and governance”, “resource utilization systems”, and “systems of knowledge, wisdom, native skills and capacities”. The IoT is changing these domain.

One of the inhibiting policies of the government at national levels for creating a healthy cyberspace environment is its filtering. Iran is no exception in this regard and we witness occasional news about censorship ensued by for and against reactions in the society. This article aims at two questions: 1- What is the jurisprudential edict for this event, 2- What new problems will it create? The present research by using descriptive-analytical method has reached this conclusion that by relying on the two edicts, i.e. "the necessity of preventing vices" and "the prohibition of using corrupt materials", filtering can be regarded as a religious obligation. This jurisprudential ruling has resulted in another eight important jurisprudential problems related to filtering: 1-Quite certainly, the filtered content is essentially corrupting. 2- Filtering agent is both the government and the people. 3- Pre-warning and enhancing cyberspace literacy is to be taken as an instance of the verbal prohibition which should precede practical prohibition. 4- In regard to the sanctity of individual's privacy, this filtering must be applied on producers not receivers. 5- Both self-filtering and filtering by others are decreed by sharia. 6- Filtering illegal content has priority over website and social networking restrictions. 7- Audience- orientation is a significant principle next to content-based filtering which leads us to a ranked filtering action. 8- The acquittal principle recommends filtering according to the black list. 9- In regard to jurisprudential knowledge of subjects, mechanized supervision comes first, and human monitoring should be done in emergencies under special conditions.