mohsen moradi

Leadership is the cornerstone of organizational success, influencing internal operations in line with the ability to achieve strategic goals in a dynamic and competitive environment. In entrepreneurship schools, leadership is key to fostering creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurial thinking among students. This study investigates the dimensions and components of leadership in entrepreneurial schools, emphasizing its significance in promoting entrepreneurial development through strategic and adaptive approaches.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:

This research is anchored in leadership theories that include transformative, participatory, and strategic paradigms. Transformative leadership emphasizes inspiring and empowering team members, fostering innovation, and achieving long-term organizational goals. Participatory leadership focuses on collaborative decision-making, ensuring the active engagement of all stakeholders. Strategic leadership, on the other hand, integrates vision and planning to ensure alignment with long-term objectives. These frameworks are synthesized to create a conceptual model tailored to entrepreneurial schools, aligning leadership styles with the unique demands of entrepreneurship education and development.

The study employs a qualitative meta-synthesis methodology, systematically analyzing literature from 2010 to 2023. Using predefined criteria, 53 articles were selected from a pool of 62 based on relevance, data richness, and academic credibility. The meta-synthesis process followed the seven-stage model proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso, including systematic review, data extraction, and thematic coding. Validity and reliability were confirmed through triangulation, expert reviews, and iterative analysis, ensuring a robust synthesis of findings.

The findings reveal critical dimensions of leadership that contribute to the success of entrepreneurial schools:Entrepreneurial Education: This includes innovative teaching methods, financial literacy training, and practical entrepreneurial activities integrating technology and fostering critical thinking. Examples include tailored curricula, online learning platforms, and interactive workshops to develop entrepreneurial skills.Technological Entrepreneurship: Leveraging technology in education promotes innovative practices, such as integrating advanced tools for collaborative learning and entrepreneurship development. This approach aligns with global trends in technology-driven education.Empowerment Strategies: The study identifies leadership approaches that empower students and teachers, focusing on capacity building, mentorship programs, and creating an enabling environment for innovation. Key strategies include fostering self-efficacy and enhancing collaborative skills.Organizational Excellence: Leadership styles that prioritize organizational alignment and continuous improvement were shown to have significant impacts on institutional success. Participatory and transformative leadership models emerged as particularly effective in achieving organizational goals in entrepreneurial schools.The analysis demonstrates that these leadership dimensions collectively enhance educational outcomes and prepare students to navigate complex entrepreneurial landscapes.

CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS:

The study concludes that entrepreneurial leadership is indispensable for fostering students' innovation, adaptability, and market readiness. To maximize the impact of entrepreneurial schools, leadership strategies must integrate transformative and participatory approaches with a focus on continuous development and adaptability. Suggestions include:Curriculum Development. To design educational programs emphasizing entrepreneurial skills, financial literacy, and real-world problem-solving.
Policy Reforms. To advocate for policies that support leadership training in schools to bridge the gap between education and entrepreneurial ecosystems.Training Programs. To implement leadership development initiatives for educators and administrators to align their practices with entrepreneurial objectives.Technology Integration: Leverage technology to enhance learning experiences and promote innovative teaching methods.This research underscores the transformative potential of leadership in entrepreneurial schools, offering a roadmap for fostering creativity, resilience, and strategic thinking in educational institutions.

There are various challenges facing Iran's electricity industry; Challenges such as energy imbalance, embargo and liquidity problems are among the most important issues facing governance in this field. In order to overcome these challenges, it will be very useful to have a process view at the ecosystem of Iran's electricity industry. The necessity of a process view of the ecosystem is to know the evolutionary drivers of this ecosystem, i.e. the forces that cause dynamism and competition or contraction and even destruction of the ecosystem; For this purpose, this research was conducted with a qualitative approach, including semi-structured interviews with experts in the electricity industry, politicians and academics. For this, a seven-step approach was used to conduct and analyze the interview. In this study, 181 thematic codes were mentioned by 16 participants, which were categorized into 55 basic drivers by analyzing the theme in the first stage. In the second stage, 55 basic drivers formed six strategic drivers including incentive policy with an emphasis on energy efficiency, privatization and reforming financial and liquidity processes, imbalance in electricity production and consumption, facilitation of macro interactions, development of electricity market mechanisms and finally sanctions and Constraints were structured, which are the evolutionary drivers of the ecosystem of Iran's electricity industry.

This study investigates the relationship between the scores of upper extremity functional tests with isokinetic strength, range of motion, shoulder proprioception, and posture of male volleyball players.

A total of 30 male university volleyball players aged 18 to 24 years were selected by the convenience sampling method. The concentric strength of the internal and external rotators, abductors, flexors, adductors, and extensors of the shoulder was measured at speeds of 180 and 300 degrees per s using an isokinetic dynamometer. Shoulder proprioception was also assessed at 45 and 90 degrees using an isokinetic device. Also, the range of motion of flexion, extension, abduction, and internal and external rotation at 90 degrees of abduction was measured using a universal goniometer. The forward head and shoulder angles were also assessed by photography and using the AutoCAD software. Finally, upper extremity function was assessed using a Y-balance device. 

The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between variables at a significance level of P<0.05 using the SPSS software, version 20. The results of the Pearson correlation test showed a positive and significant relationship between the isometric strength variables at torques of 180 and 300 (degrees/s) for flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, internal and external rotation (P>0.05), and between the proprioception variables at 45 and 90 degrees of shoulder abduction (P>0.05), and between the range of motion variables for shoulder flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder abduction, shoulder internal rotation, and shoulder external rotation (P>0.05) with the upper extremity functional test. Also, a negative and significant relationship was observed between the forward head angle (P>0.05) and shoulder forward angle (P>0.05) with the upper extremity functional test. 

Based on the findings of the present study, there is a significant relationship between the scores of upper extremity functional tests with isokinetic strength, proprioception, and range of motion of the shoulder joint, as well as the posture of volleyball athletes. Coaches and specialists can focus on improving these variables to improve shoulder function and prevent injury in volleyball athletes.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused many adverse effects, including increased stress in patients.

The present study was conducted with aim to determine the effect of an online self-care training program on perceived stress in COVID-19 patients.

This randomized control trial study was fulfilled by recruiting 132 COVID-19 patients, referred to two hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, 2021. The patients were selected using the purposive sampling method and were then randomly allocated into experimental and control groups (n=63 in each group). The online self-care training program was presented to the experimental group in six 30-minute sessions over two weeks. The data were collected through an individual characteristic form and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at three stages before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean scores of perceived stress before, immediately, and one month after the intervention in the experimental group were 30.51±6.31, 24.59±4.66, and 26.57±3.82, respectively and in the control group were 29.78±4.81, 29.4±4.57, and 29.11±4.73, respectively. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the two groups at the pre-intervention stage (p=0.467), while the mean scores of perceived stress in the experimental group were lower compared with the control group immediately (p<0.001) and one month after the intervention (p=0.001).

Implications for Practice:

 The online self-care training program led to a reduction in perceived stress in COVID-19 patients. Thus, implementing this self-directed program may be considered as a safe and useful method to relieve perceived stress in similar conditions.

If consumers have had an unfavorable brand experience, forgiveness has the ability to reduce, neutralize, or even replace the tension associated with negative emotions with positive emotions. Emotional and close relationships with the brand, such as love for the brand, can be effective in promoting brand forgiveness (Fcherin & Sampedro, 2019). Additionally, brand identity insulates consumers from the negative consequences of purchase regret by strengthening their remorse regulation and reducing behavioral discomfort. Furthermore, brand identity is an antecedent of brand love (Davvetas & Diamantopoulos, 201). Consumer brand identity can lead to customer interaction with the brand in virtual spaces by creating a of the development of customer-brand relationships. In fact, a psychological state emerges in the consumer that enables them to understand and feel the brand and value associated with a brand name (Zarrin Khat & Mirzaei, 2023). Using celebrity endorsers is one of most popular strategies employed by advertisers. Famous individuals can lend credibility to the brand in advertising, making competing brands stand out and helping the brand become recognizable to consumers. Brand forgiveness by consumers an important strategy for companies to improve and recover from service failures. In this context, the participation of the brand community in the virtual environment during a brand crisis has attracted the attention of companies and marketing researchers due to innovative technologies (Nikhashemi et al., 2023). The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of endorser credibility on virtual brand community, consumer brand identification, brand love, and brand forgiveness, with the moderating role of attitude towards the brand.

The present study is descriptive-survey research in terms of applied purpose and correlational in nature. The statistical population of this research consists of all Mac brand consumers in the virtual space, whose number is unknown and unlimited; based on Morgan table, a sample size of 384 was determined. The sampling method used in this research was non-probability sampling. The data collection tool was the questionnaire by Nikhashemi et al. (2023), consisting of 46 items. This study was compiled in three parts: introduction, demographic questions, and questions for measuring the main research variables. To measure brand forgiveness, there were 5 items; for virtual brand engagement, 3 items; for consumer brand identification, 6 items; for attitude towards the brand, 4 items; for trustworthiness, 4 items; for attractiveness, 4 items; for expertise, 4 items; and for brand love, 16 items. A five-point Likert scale was used to assess the variables. Given the standard nature of the questionnaire and the fact that its validity had already been established, it can be said that it has the necessary validity. However, to further determine the validity of the research questionnaire, the method of formal content validity was employed again. For this purpose, the questionnaire was provided to experts, professors, and specialists in the field of research, and they were asked to share their suggestions for corrections. After collecting comments and applying them, the final questionnaire was developed. The average variance extracted (AVE) was utilized to assess the validity of the questionnaire items. To measure the reliability of the research questionnaire, the common method of reliability assessment, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was used. This coefficient was higher than 0.7 for all variables and equal to 0.927 for the entire questionnaire, indicating a good coefficient and showing the reliability of the research tool is at a desirable level. Additionally, the composite reliability coefficient (CR) was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire and was found to be acceptable. SPSS software was employed to analyze the data in the descriptive statistics section, while Smart PLS 3 software was used in the inferential statistics section.

In this study, the dimensions of endorser (expertise, attractiveness, trustworthiness) were considered as independent variables, the brand forgiveness variable as a dependent variable, and attitude towards the brand as a moderating variable. Brand love, virtual brand engagement, and consumer brand identification were mediator variables. Nineteen hypotheses were explained in this research, and data collected from all Mac brand consumers in the virtual space were used to analyze. The results showed that the trustworthiness and attractiveness of the famous endorser, as well as brand identification, have a significant effect on virtual brand community engagement; however, this effect was not significant for the dimension of expertise. Additionally, the expertise of the famous endorser had a significant effect on brand identification, but this effect was not significant for the trustworthiness and attractiveness dimensions. Brand identification had a significant effect on brand love and brand forgiveness. Interaction with the virtual brand had a significant effect on brand love, but the effect of interaction with the virtual brand community on brand forgiveness was not significant It was also found that the effect of brand love on brand forgiveness is significant. Finally, the findings confirm the moderating role of brand attitude in the relationship between the trustworthiness and expertise of the famous endorser and brand identification concerning virtual brand community engagement, as well as the attractiveness of the famous endorser on brand identification.

Considering that the conceptual model of the research is designed based on the model of Nikhashemi et al. (2023), the innovation of this research lies in testing this model in a new statistical population. In addition to theoretical contributions, the study provides practical insights for managers in the cosmetics industry regarding potential brand-harm crises. Practitioners need to pay attention to the important role of all dimensions of source credibility as an essential ingredient in achieving favorable outcomes (e.g., consumer brand identification and virtual brand community engagement), particularly during a brand-harm crisis. This study demonstrated that the dimensions of source credibility can not only be considered as antecedents of consumer brand identification and, to some extent, virtual brand community engagement, but they can also be regarded as rapid brand recovery strategy during times of crisis. For instance, source credibility, as a marketing communication strategy, can be used to signal brand and firm quality. In other words, signals conveyed and communicated via a credible source (e.g., trustworthiness, expertise, attractiveness) differ from other marketing mix elements and impact consumer behavioral outcomes and judgments.

Nurses, as the main caregivers of people infected with Covid-19, formed the highest percentage of the care team and were placed in the front line of patient care. These nurses, in parallel with caring for cardiovascular patients who were infected with Covid-19, endured a double burden in terms of care and psychology; So that the ground was provided for exhaustion and psychological analysis of these people; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of understanding the experiences and psychological challenges of nurses caring for cardiac patients with covid-19.

Method & Materials:

 The present qualitative study was conducted in the analytical-content type. The participants included: nurses of the special care and respiratory isolation department of patients with covid-19 in Isfahan Shahid Dr. Chamran Cardiac Hospital. Sampling was done in a targeted manner (from April to May 1401) and the interviews were semi-structured and in-depth. Data analysis was performed using Gernheim and Lundman method and MAXQDA20 version 20.4.0 software.

The participants in this research included 12 nurses working in the special cardiac care department. A total of 245 initial codes were obtained, which were classified into 14 subcategories and 3 main categories, including: "supportive dimensions", "motivation fluctuations" and "instability of care conditions and facilities".

Managers and politicians of this department should try to encourage and strengthen a supportive and ethical working atmosphere for better management of psychological issues and correct decision-making in the crisis of epidemics.

Concerns about environmental degradation have increased over the past few decades. In response to these concerns, consumers help preserve the environment by developing green shopping behavior and using green products. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of environmental supporters' post-purchase behaviors on green consumer behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research was all the consumers of green products in Mashhad from which 340 samples were considered, using available sampling method. The data collection tool was the questionnaire of Nitala and Motoru (2021) and Kamalanon et al. (2022). Convergent, divergent, and factor analysis were used to measure face validity from experts' point of view and to check construct validity. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to measure reliability. The total Cronbach's alpha was estimated at 0.916, which is acceptable. Data analysis was carried out by structural equation modeling through SmartPLS3 software. The results showed that usage behaviors, evaluation behaviors, and disposal behaviors impact on the consumer's green behavior. Among the dimensions of usage behavior, environmental awareness and ease of use affected the green behavior, but the perceived risk did not have a significant effect. The dimensions of evaluation behaviors, including environmental evaluations and satisfaction, had a significant impact on consumer green behavior. Among disposal behaviors, environmental compatibility and product disposal challenges affected the green behavior, but environmental conscience did not show a significant effect.

This study was done to explore the impact of strategic agility on the behavioral intentions of customers in Asia Insurance Company. The study is a quantitative correlational research in terms of design, applied in terms of the purpose, and descriptive in terms of the observation and the amount of control on the variables, and survey and field study in terms of the nature and method. The statistical population consisted of 367 employees and experts of Asia Insurance Company in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Using Cochran's formula, 188 employees were randomly selected for this study. The data collection tool was Ahmadzadeh's (2023) Standard Strategic Agility Questionnaire for and Zeithaml et al.'s (1996) Customers Behavioral Intentions Questionnaire. The construct validity of the questionnaires was evaluated and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and their reliability was evaluated and confirmed using the composite reliability coefficient. The inferential analysis of the data was done in line with the testing of the hypotheses through structural equations modeling and by using the maximum likelihood estimation method in AMOS. The results of indicated that the strategic agility of Asia Insurance Company impacted the customers’ intention to oral advertismet, intention to recommend the company to others, intention to be loyal to the company, intention to buy more from the company, and intention for paying more.

As the primary caregivers of people with COVID-19, nurses were exposed to the ethical challenges and conflicts of caring for their patients. The simultaneous care of cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 has placed a multiplier burden on the nurses of these patients in terms of care and ethics, which causes burnout and psychological deterioration of these patients. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted with the aim of understanding the ethical challenges of nurses caring for cardiac patients with COVID-19.

Methods & Materials: 

A qualitative study was conducted using qualitative content analysis. The participants were nurses in the intensive care unit and respiratory isolation of patients with COVID-19 in Shahid Dr. Chamran Heart Specialized Hospital in Isfahan. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants. The data analysis experiment was performed using Gernheim and Landman's qualitative content analysis method and using MAXQDA20.

The participants in this study included 10 nurses working in the intensive care unit. A total of 204 primary codes were obtained, which were classified into 8 subcategories and 3 main categories, including "legal care or conscientious care", "myself or my patients", and "cardiac care or COVID care".

Caring for COVID-19 patients for nurses in cardiac intensive care units was accompanied by the experience of enormous ethical challenges. It is suggested that managers and policymakers in this field try to encourage and strengthen a supportive and ethical work environment to better manage intertwined ethical issues and make the right decisions in the context of the pandemic crisis. Healthcare organizations should prioritize the health of nurses during the pandemic and prevent burnout and maintain the quality of patient care by providing psychological, material, and spiritual support.

The field of technology has developed compared to other industries in terms of investment. The use of sustainable innovation strategies has resulted in competitive advantage and improved sustainable business performance (Cheng et al., 2020). The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of environmental innovations on sustainable business performance with the role of moderating market turbulence. This research is a survey in terms of practical purpose and implementation method. The statistical population of this research is all the managers, deputies and employees of Cork Company in Erbil, Iraq, whose number was 1600 people; According to Morgan's table, 310 samples were considered available by non-random sampling method. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of Cheng et al. (2020). In order to measure face validity according to experts, convergent and divergent validity and factor analysis have been used. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to measure reliability. Its total Cronbach's alpha value was estimated at 0.905, which is within the acceptable range. Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling method and SmartPLS3 software. The results showed that improvement in process innovation, product innovation and environmental organizational innovation has been able to increase the sustainable business performance of Cork company. In addition, the greater the turbulence in the market, the greater the impact of product innovation and organizational environmental innovation on the sustainable business performance of the Cork company.

1- The new attitude toward career management considers it a tool for human resource development. The main goal of career management is to balance the organization's needs with those of employees. Job plateauing is a crucial career management factor affecting organizational outcomes. It is a point in an employee's professional life where the possibility of vertical promotion or increasing job responsibilities seems extremely weak or unlikely. In service organizations, due to the type of work and the need to have highly motivated employees with high work spirit, it is doubly important to pay attention to job plateauing. Therefore, the current research was to explain this phenomenon among the employees of Maskan Bank.
 
2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The career path is an arrangement of the work-life according to employees' attitudes and motivations they have to perform their work roles. Career path allows employees to see their future direction in the organization as well as the abilities and skills needed to be prepared with enthusiasm for the new position. Accordingly, the career path is capable of reducing job plateauing. A career path requires motivation and a clear view of progress that can be created by career management. Indeed, through career path development, career management can reduce the possibility of job plateauing.
 
3- Since this research seeks to develop a model to eliminate job plateauing with a career path approach, it is an applied study. According to the method, it is a descriptive survey. Following a career path approach in the qualitative phase, the indicators of job plateauing were identified based on reviewing the literature and conducting semi-structured interviews. Then, they were categorized using an exploratory factor analysis. After that, a Delphi questionnaire that was designed from identified indicators was provided to experts. The statistical population of the qualitative phase is comprised of Maskan Bank experts in employment and human resource management and university professors. In the quantitative phase, the staff of Maskan Bank is the statistical population. Based on Morgan's table, a sample size of 384 was selected by simple random sampling.
 
4- RESULTS & The results indicated three initial dimensions for the model of job plateauing. During the Delphi process, another dimension was added called social plateauing. According to experts, social plateauing means an employee prevents accepting more responsibilities due to their dependence on other people (e.g., parents) or a second job. Nowadays, to prevent an imbalance between work and personal life, employees consider both their personal and family lives and may prefer to remain in their current jobs instead of holding more job responsibilities in higher positions.
 
5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS
Due to changes in organizational environments, job plateauing is considered one of the most critical issues related to career management. According to the results of Delphi, job plateauing is comprised of four dimensions, including structural, content, work-life, and social plateauing. Adjusting the job flatness with other factors provides a necessary context for increasing vitality, social harmony, social interaction, job and life satisfaction, social responsibility, social participation, and growth. On the one hand, considering the organizational structure of Maskan Bank, the possibility for its employees to be promoted in the hierarchy of positions is not possible or done slowly. On the other hand, its field of specialized activity (housing and construction) makes most of employees' affairs monotonous and repetitive. Therefore, to reduce the rate of job plateauing, it is suggested that employees of Maskan Bank participate in decision-making and that managers include organizational solidarity in the organization's plans to decrease job conflict.

The current research aims to design a performance evaluation model using the Balanced Scorecard approach, based on the organizational life cycle.

This study is of an applied research type and is survey-based in terms of analysis of collected data. The required data were collected through fieldwork using three researcher-made questionnaires and document study method. The statistical population of this research included 320 managers and supervisors of Iran Khodro Investment Development Company and its subsidiaries. For data analysis, group hierarchical analysis was used. The sample size was determined using the Morgan table, and respondents were selected via simple random sampling.

The results of the data analysis showed that organizations pay more attention to their internal processes during the birth stage. However, during the growth stage, they focus more on increasing market share and customer satisfaction, and on the growth of production and income, which in this case moves the organization towards enlargement and elimination of competitors. During the maturity stage, increasing the economic value of the organization and creating more assets and income along with consolidating and strengthening the market position are of greater interest. Narcissism, lack of attention to renovation and innovation, creativity, as well as increased levels of costs and bureaucracy cause the organization to decline and, since it cannot maintain its market and balance its income with expenses, it quickly moves to the death stage in the organizational life cycle.

The findings of this research can be of interest to human resource planners, especially automotive companies, and can be useful for improving quality and achieving organizational goals.

Hospital managers, especially ward heads, have an irreplaceable role in improving the quality of hospitals to provide appropriate health services to the people. Having an efficient and effective evaluation system to recognize the competencies and abilities of hospital managers can play an important role in providing higher quality services in health care organizations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of nurses at Shahid Chamran Hospital in Isfahan using a 360-degree evaluation method.

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 20 nurses of Shahid Chamran Center in Isfahan in 1400 by census method. The data collection tool was a 360-degree performance evaluation checklist. In this process, each head nurse was examined from all angles and all unit managers (superiors) and subordinates (nurse, assistant, staff, ward secretary) were evaluated. The overall score of this checklist was from zero to one hundred and its evaluation dimensions were generally weak in the three areas of clinical leadership, clinical accreditation and training (average score below 70) and modifiable (average score 70 to 80) and acceptable. (Average score above 80). Data in each domain were analyzed by SPSS software version 23.

According to the results obtained from the 360-degree evaluation checklist of nurses, 3.75% of nurses in the field of clinical leadership received a poor score, 38.75% a modifiable score and 56.25% an acceptable score. In the field of clinical accreditation, 7.9% of the head nurses received a poor score, 32.26% a modifiable score and 60.12% an acceptable score. In the field of clinical education, 5% of the head nurses received a poor score, 25.21% a modifiable score and 75.73% an acceptable score.

According to the results of this study, it was found that the performance of a number of head nurses was poor in some aspects and needed to be corrected. Hospital managers, especially nursing managers, should take the necessary action to correct their weaknesses and shortcomings while promoting their nurses. Therefore, continuous evaluation using a 360-degree performance evaluation checklist of head nurses in all medical centers is recommended.

Innovation is an important indicator for organizations because it creates value and sustainable competitive advantage in the current complex and changing environment. More innovative organizations are more successful than other organizations in responding to changing environments and creating and expanding new capabilities and achieving better performance. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of organizational knowledge sharing on the innovation performance of Iraqi small and medium enterprises with the mediating role of innovation capability and moderating Connection strength and networking scale. The statistical population of this research is all managers and vice presidents of small and medium companies in Iraq, whose number is unknown; According to Klein's thumb method (5 to 10 times the number of items), the number of members of 170 people was selected non-randomly. The research tool was Dongling et al.'s (2022) questionnaire, which was used to test the validity of content validity and experts' approval, and for construct validity, construct validity, convergent and divergent validity were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was done with Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (more than 0.7). Data analysis was done by structural equation method with PLS software. The results showed that the effect of organizational knowledge sharing on innovation performance with the mediation of innovation capability was significant (t=2.559). In addition, the moderating role of networking scale (t=2.671) and Connection strength (t=3.651) in the effect of organizational knowledge sharing on innovation ability has been reported.

Scientific research includes philosophical, procedural, and ethical steps, and studies with a positivist philosophical premise, which show the recent meta-method reviews, still include a share of more than 70% of studies in humanities and social sciences. From a comparative point of view, it dictates a quantitative approach to researchers. In this approach, entering the field of measurement and then discussing the identification of metrics and linking them with variables or at a more abstract level with structures is, if not the most important, one of the most prominent cases. The vagueness and conceptual immanence of these structures in these sciences makes it more and more difficult for researchers to fully realize validity and reliability. With a scientific review and in a narrative format, focusing on the reliability aspect and the generalizability aspect of the results, the researcher enumerates the weak but unfortunately very common indicators in Iran research literature. Then, with an evaluative and pathological point of view, it proposes a suitable solution to overcome this procedural structural weakness by analyzing and introducing a suitable and operational alternative for it, i.e. McDonald's Omega Coefficient. It was estimated that the results of the present study will create a stable and satisfying perspective in changing the viewpoint of researchers in related humanities fields.

The Siberian high-pressure system is one of the components of atmospheric circulation affecting the climate of Iran, especially in the cold season of the year. In this research, the place of the initial formation of this system and its synoptic features have been investigated. For this purpose, the lower tropospheric levels of atmospheric data for the three months December to February data from NCEP / NCAR were received for 22 years. Systems with thermal characteristics were isolated. Then, the central core of this system was determined daily for all months and their geographical coordinates were calculated. The results show that in the vast majority of the months from December to February, the main Siberian high-pressure core is located in the lower atmosphere of the Altai Mountains. The study also found that more than half of the days of Siberian high-pressure had two central nuclei. Thus, contrary to popular belief, the Siberian high-pressure core forms not on the low Siberian plains but the high altitudes of the Altai and Sayan Mountains. Adaptation of isothermal, isobaric, and height maps also showed that the core of the cold in the cold three months was generally on the north or northeast of the Siberian desert. However, the high-pressure core was located on these two high mountains for almost a day. Therefore, in addition to cold, the topographic factor (northwest-southeast extension) plays a very important role in the formation of the high-pressure core. According to the general results of research, this high pressure, directly or indirectly, is the cause of colds and cold waves in the cold period of the year, as well as early and late waves in the country.

Nowadays, agility is considered an important factor in advancing the organization's goals, increasing the productivity and morale of the organization's employees, and improving the employees' organizational commitment, physical and mental health, and life satisfaction. Excellence in competition is the main goal of every organization in today's unpredictable and changing business environment. In such a situation, the smallest slip by the organization can sometimes lead to its decline. Therefore, the organization's rapid response to environmental changes is of great importance and necessity, and agility is one of the solutions for it.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:

Influencing the factors inside the organization, agility can affect the components outside the organization, such as customers. An agile organization can create a positive image in the customers' minds by providing services on time based on customers' needs and environmental changes. This image plays a vital role in customers’ behavioral intentions and attitudes. In this regard, the current research aimed to provide a model for the strategic agility of Asia Insurance Company regarding its customers' behavioral intentions

This mixed research is an applied study in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research in its qualitative phase has comprised university professors as well as managers and experts in Asia Insurance Company. In the quantitative phase, its population includes all the employees and experts of Asia Insurance Company in Razavi Khorasan Province. In the qualitative phase, a sample size of 20 was selected based on the purposeful sampling method and, in the quantitative section, 187 people were selected by conducting a non-probability sampling method based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was a Delphi questionnaire and a semi-structured interview

The research results revealed eight dimensions of strategic agility, including technological capabilities, innovative creativity, organizational learning, internal balance, clarity of the organization's vision, understanding of capabilities, strategic response, and strategic sensitivity. The five dimensions of customers' behavioral intentions were identified as follows: verbal advice to others, willingness to change, stable consumption, increase in the amount of consumption, and increase in the cost of consumption. Also, the results showed that there existed a significant relationship between the dimensions of strategic agility and customers' behavioral tendencies.

 CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS:

Obtained results indicated that strategic agility and its dimensions play a decisive role in customers' behavioral intentions. Therefore, to direct the customers' needs and desires, it is necessary to pay more attention to the organization's strategic agility and to include factors such as innovation, creativity, and learning in its processes

 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a great deal of conflict and tension between couples and their families. Meanwhile, less attention has been paid to potential tensions and conflicts in families exposed to high stress, such as military families. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on changing the conflict resolution styles in military personnel and their spouses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

 In this quasi-experimental study, 66 military personnel and their spouses were included. They were then assigned to the case (n=32) and the control (n=34) groups using block randomization method. Data were collected by using a demographic information form and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II. The later form was completed before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Cognitive-behavioral therapy was presented to the case group during 9 sessions. Each session lasted 90 minutes. The Control group underwent no intervention. Independent t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data by SPPSS software (version 22).

 The results showed that the use of non-constructive conflict resolution style was significantly reduced in the case group compared to the control group (P<0.001) after the implementation of cognitive-behavioral therapy. In addition, it was found that the use of constructive conflict resolution style increased significantly in the case group compared to the control group (P<0.001).

 Our findings suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapy reduced the use of non-constructive conflict resolution style but increased the use of constructive conflict resolution style among military personnel and their spouses.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most widely used drugs in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Although, their side effects i.e.; gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects, limit the use of these drugs. Therefore, investigating new compounds with higher efficacy and fewer side effects is considerable issue. In this study, the analgesic activity of rosmarinic acid at different doses was compared with piroxicam (known standard NSAID).

To evaluate the analgesic effects of rosmarinic acid, two well-known methods, Hot plate, and Tail-flick, were used. The experiments were performed in 10 groups (6 male mice per group) including the experimental groups (rosmarinic acid), the positive control group (piroxicam), and the negative control group (normal saline). All administrations were through intraperitoneal injection. The obtained data were analyzed separately by SPSS software and an independent student t test.

Rosmarinic acid at doses of 10 mg/kg and higher had significant analgesic effects compared with the control group, 30 minutes after injection in both hot plate and tail flick tests (P < 0.05). Concomitant injection of 50 mg/kg of rosmarinic acid with 15 mg/kg of piroxicam produced significant painkiller effects when compared with the dose of 15 mg/kg piroxicam injection alone.

Rosmarinic acid was able to exert analgesic effects in pharmacological tests in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant use of rosmarinic acid and piroxicam may lead to synergic pain relief, especially in acute and severe pain in patients, reducing the therapeutic dose of piroxicam and subsequently, its side effects.

The single electron transistor (SET) is nanoscale device that can be utilized in future integrated circuits. It contains three electrodes and one island that is located between them. The island material impacts on SET performance. Therefore graphene with unique properties is selected for the island material with compressive stress and tensile strain imposed on it. In this paper, an appropriate mathematical model is derived for the device current taking the impact of compressive stress and tensile strain on the graphene nanoribbon (GNR) island into account. Moreover, the impact of numbers of atoms along the GNR length and applied gate voltage are investigated and the obtained I-V curves are compared together. Furthermore, the SETs island are designed and their band structures are plotted and then their band gaps are calculated. The charge stability diagrams of SET with compressive stress and tensile strain are plotted and analyzed. Their coulomb diamond areas and coulomb blockade ranges are compared together. Finally, GNR SET with better operation is defined.

In the real world, we face some complex and important problems that should be optimized, most of the real-world problems are dynamic. Solving dynamic optimization problems are very difficult due to possible changes in the location of the optimal solution. In dynamic environments, we are faced challenges when the environment changes. To respond to these changes in the environment, any change can be considered as the input of a new optimization problem that should be solved from the beginning, which is not suitable because it is time consuming. One technique for improving optimization and learning in dynamic environments is by using information from the past. By using solutions from previous environments, it is often easier to find promising solutions in a new environment. A common way to maintain and exploit information from the past is the use of memory, where solutions are stored periodically and can be retrieved and refined at the time that the environment changes. Memory can help search respond quickly and efficiently to change in a dynamic problem. Given that a memory has a finite size, if one wishes to store new information in the memory, one of the existing entries must be discarded. The mechanism used to decide whether the candidate entry should be included in the memory or not, and if so, which of the old entries should be replaced it, is called the replacement strategy. This paper explores ways to improve memory for optimization and learning in dynamic environments. In this paper, a memory with clustering and new replacement strategy for storing and restoring memory solutions has been used to enhance memory performance. The evolutionary algorithms that have been presented so far have the problem of rebuilding populations when multiple populations converge to an optimum. For this reason, we proposed algorithm with exclution mechanism that have the ability to explore the environment (Exploration) and extraction (Explitation). Thus, an optimization algorithm is required to solve the problems in dynamic environments well. In this paper, a novel collective optimization algorithm, namely the Clustering and Memory-based Parent-Child Swarm Algorithm (CMPCS), is presented. This method relies on both individual and group behavior. The proposed CMPCS method has been tested on the moving peaks benchmark (MPB). The MPB is a good Benchmark to evaluate the efficiency of the optimization algorithms in dynamic environments. The experimental results on the MPB reveal the appropriate efficiency of the proposed CMPCS method compared to the other state-of-the-art methods in solving the dynamic optimization problems.

Reports have shown a link between dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and sleep disorders. We investigated the frequency of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep in three groups of patients suffering from psychiatric disorders (patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety).

In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients with psychiatric disorders referred to psychiatry clinic affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Fifty patients were selected in each group (anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder). Two questionnaires of Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were completed for all patients. Data were analyzed with Student’s t, chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation tests.

A significant difference was observed between the three groups in the latency to fall asleep at night (P = 0.002) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ≤ 5 (P = 0.002). Patients with anxiety and bipolar disorder more than other groups believed that insomnia caused loss of life joy (P = 0.010) and the only solution for sleeplessness was medication (P = 0.003), respectively. There was a significant relationship between sleep quality and anxiety (P = 0.030), total sleep time (P = 0.040), sleep latency (P = 0.020), and ISI (P < 0.010) with depression, awakening time during night, and bipolar disorder (P = 0.030).

Patients with psychiatric disorders have high frequency of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep. Regarding the relationship between dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and insomnia, future work is needed for better treatment.

Carbon dioxide photocatalytic reduction is one of the promising methods used to produce a wide range of renewable hydrocarbon fuels using sunlight in the presence of photocatalysts. In this study, a series of nickel-doped titanium dioxide samples (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%) Were synthesized by Sol-gel method. After performing photocatalytic carbon dioxide recovery experiments and finding the optimum percentage of nickel, titanium dioxide sample with 1 wt% nickel (TNi1) showed the highest photocatalytic activity. Then, by impregnation method, 3% by weight of Cu (1, 2 and 3 wt%) was loaded onto the TNi1 structure. Finally, the sample loaded with 1 wt% copper on titanium dioxide doped with 1 wt% Ni (1Cu/TNi1) showed the highest photocatalytic activity and methane production was 12.6 μmol/gcat that was about 4 times higher than the amount of methane produced in the presence of pure TiO2. The synthesized nanophotocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. Also, their specific surface area was measured by BET method and morphology of the particles was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy.

This study is aimed to comparing the resources available in the Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality (ACOTM) and the Tehran Public Libraries Institution (PLI) concerning the conformity of these resources to the needs of library members.

This research used Analytic survey method. Sampling method is random stratified sampling. The Public Libraries affiliated with Tehran Municipality and the Public Libraries of the Institution in Tehran are divided into 22 urban districts. In order to take the sample one library is selected from each district. The statistical population of the public libraries of the Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran municipality (ACOTM) consists of 440 entities including 209 men and 231 women. The statistical population of Tehran Public Libraries Institution (PLI) consists of 440 entities including 179 men and 261 women. Questionnaire has used to gather information.

The public libraries of the Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality (ACOTM) have a better than the Tehran Public Libraries Institution (PLI) status concerning “non-book resources”. The status of libraries of Tehran Public Libraries Institution (PLI) is better than the public libraries of the Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality (ACOTM) as concerns “Dewey decimal topics”. The significance level of the test is larger than %5 in the two classes of “educational aid books” with significance level of 0.653 and “the accessibility of resources” with significance level of 0.167. Therefore, there is no significant difference between the libraries of the two institutions.

Comparing the current situation of public libraries in Iran, it seems that the number of buildings and their appearance, equipment, quality of resources and most importantly, their services are far from what is needed in a dynamic and growing society.

Given that more than 50 percent of patellofemoral pain syndrome include of overuse injuries, the aim of this study was to compare the vastus medialis muscle activity in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome after a period of strength and flexibility training with and without the electrophysiological feedback. A total of 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) participated in this study. Subjects were divided into three groupchr('39')s control, therapeutic and therapeutic with electrophysiological feedback. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the activity of vastus medialis muscle in between groups. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in the activity of the vastus medialis muscle activity (P <0.05). The results of Tukeychr('39')s post hoc test for intra-group comparisons showed that there was a significant difference between the control group with the therapeutic group (P = 0.024), the control group with the therapeutic group and the electrophysiological feedback (P=0.028) and the therapeutic group with the therapeutic group and the electrophysiological feedback (P<0.001).

Regarding the results of this study, therapeutic exercises with electrophysiological feedback have a greater effect on the activity of vastus medialis than the therapeutic group in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.