mojtaba amiri

This study assesses the impacts of natural and human factors on fire occurrences, identifies key contributors to fire susceptibility maps, and employs machine learning algorithms (MLAs) to enhance the spatiotemporal patterns of fire susceptibility maps.

Data were collected from 110 fire locations and 110 non-fire points spanning from 2001 to 2022 at annual scale. Various auxiliary variables, including climate data, terrain features, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and distance to roads, were analyzed to model fire susceptibility. The study employed multiple MLAs, including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT), to generate the fire susceptibility maps.

About 70% of fires occurred within 2 km of roads, indicating significant human influence. Grasslands had the highest fire rates, with over 25% of fires from 2001-2022 due to flammable fuels. The RF and mean models identified 0.4% and 1.31% of the area as very high susceptibility (38,800 km² and 12,600 km²), while the GBDT and SVM models identified 2.42% and 1.86% (234,700 km² and 180,000 km²). The very high susceptibility class, though small in percentage, covers large areas.

This research highlights the importance of integrating environmental and human factors for predicting fire events in arid regions and developing comprehensive fire susceptibility maps, critical for protecting vulnerable ecosystems. These outcomes provide valuable tools for fire management and mitigation strategies within vulnerable ecosystems. Moreover, developing targeted fire management strategies focused on high-risk areas, such as juniper and broadleaf forests must be a priority.

Human activities are at the core of global environmental change and Humans play a key role in global warming, land degradation, air and water pollution, rising sea levels, eroding the ozone layer, extensive deforestation, and acidification of the oceans. Soil erosion and degradation is a natural phenomenon altering the relief of the landscape. Erosion is often capable of causing several on-site and off-site impacts. Erosion and soil loss are common in hilly areas, but their severity will vary depending on the geoenvironmental factors including, Steep sloping, geological characteristics, vegetation and climatic factors making it more vulnerable to erosion. One of he most important kind of erosion is badland erosion. The term of badlands currently refers to areas of unconsolidated sediment with little or no vegetation, which are useless for agriculture because of their intensely dissected landscape. Badland erosion is observed mostly in arid and semi-arid regions, and the interaction of precipitation with geological materials is responsible for the development of badlands in arid and semi-arid regions. Because soil erosion is a complicated process that is influenced by the properties of the land surface and the soil as well as by environmental factors, quantitatively accurate forecasts of soil erosion and susceptibility mapping are challenging. The main goal of this research is to map badland erosion suscepibility in Firozkuh watershed using frequency ratio model.

Firozkuh watershed was selected as study area because in this watershed, badlands are the most important contributors to soil erosion because of the condition of climatic, hydrologic, topographic, and reduced vegetation conditions, and as well as presence of susceptible soil and geology formations in this region. The first step in this research is to prepare distribution map of the badlands and determine their location on the map. This was done using Google Earth imagery and field surveys. The maps of condiioning factors were prepared from different sources and entered into the GIS environment. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) map with the cellsize of 30 meter was prepared using the elevation points and lines in the topographic maps prepared by the National Cartography Center of Iran. Slope aspect, slope degree, plan curvature, TWI and elevation classes maps was creaed using DEM map in ArcGIS10.3 and SAGA-GIS environment. The geology map of the watershed was extracted from the geologic map of Iran with the scale of 1:100000. River and road maps were extracted from 1:25000 topographic map and the distance from these features was calculated in ArcGIS10.3 environment. The land use of Firozkuh watershed was created from LANDSAT 8 images of year 2020  using a synthetic method. To map soil characteristics, 30 samples were taken from depth of 0-30 centimeter and analyzed in the laboratory. Aaverage annual rainfall map was developed using rainfall data from meteorological stations. After classifying conditioning factors maps, the weight of each map was calculated using the frequency ration model. In the next step, by combining the weights, the final badland erosion susceptibility map was prepared. The ROC curve and the area under the curve were used to assess the accuracy of the frequency ratio models.

The relationship between badland erosion and conditioning factors was investigated using the frequency ratio model. The results showed that the highest weight of the frequency ratio is related to the elevation class of 1710 to 2286 meters, rainfall 400 to 550, slope more than 35, northwest aspect, distance less than 1150 meters from drainage network, marl, limestone and shale formations, ranglands, Convex and concave slopes, clay 25 to 33%, silt 27 to 35%, hydrological group C, soil depth 57 to 120 cm, pH 7.6 to 1.8, TWI class 6 to 11. Accuracy assessmen of the freency ratio model was done using ROC and area under this curve. The area under the ROC curve was 0.71 that showed frequency ratio model is acceptable for badland erosion susceptibility mapping in the Firozkuh watershed. Despite its simplicity, the freqency ratio model provides acceptable results due to the creation of a logical connection between the badlands and conditioning factors. Other studies, including investigating the potential of underground water, landslide susceptibility maping, and the vulnerability to floods, have also been conducted with this model, and its accuracy has been confirmed.

Because of topographical, climatic and geological conditions, the badland erosion is a dominant phenomenon in the Firozkuh watershed. In this research, badland erosion susceptibility map was prepared using the frequency ratio model. Accuracy assessment showed that frequency ratio is a suitable model for badland erosion susceptibility maping in this watershed. The results showed that about 50% of this region has high and very high susceptibility to the badland erosion, so it is necessary to pay attention to this phenomenon and prepare a susceptibility map.

This article, titled "The Future of Media Management in Light of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence and New Media on Religion," has been written to address a novel topic. Given the significant advancements in the field of artificial intelligence and new media technologies, the role and impact of these two factors on religion and media management are of high importance. This research aims to achieve effective and useful results for individuals and organizations involved in media management by addressing the mentioned issues.Research

The research employs a qualitative method using future scenario writing to explore the impact of artificial intelligence and new media on religion and the future of media management. Discussing its challenges will also assist media managers in finding the best strategies for utilizing artificial intelligence and new media in media management, thereby contributing to knowledge development in this area.

Based on the findings, with the rapid and increasing growth of technology in the near future, it seems we will witness an interdependence and influence among media. In other words, we will observe the impact and utilization of this technology (artificial intelligence) in most information sources and communication channels for transmitting various types of messages (both religious and non-religious) to target audiences through different media channels.

Ultimately, this article aims to provide guidance for future media managers by examining and referencing the applications or functions of artificial intelligence across various media industries, while also suggesting recommendations for other researchers.

Soil is an important component of geological, hydrological, biological, and environmental processes, and as such, it is always subject to change and transformation. Increasing demand for goods, services, and basic needs, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries, a huge stress has exerted on the top layers of soil. On a global scale, soil erosion and degradation is one of the most important natural phenomenon altering the relief of the landscape. Erosion is often capable of causing several on-site and off-site impacts. Soil degradation and erosion reduce the quality and quantity the soil and are important natural and anthropogenic processes that affect many countries. One of the most important kind of erosion is badland erosion. The term of badlands currently refers to areas of unconsolidated sediment with little or no vegetation, which are useless for agriculture because of their intensely dissected landscape. Badlands develop due to a complex interaction of conditioning factors, such as climatic, hydrologic, geologic and soil properties, topographic characteristics, and land use/land cover. Because soil erosion is a complicated process that is influenced by the properties of the land surface and the soil as well as by environmental factors, quantitatively accurate forecasts of soil erosion and susceptibility mapping are challenging. The main goal of this research is badland erosion susceptibility mapping in Firozkuh watershed using synthetic model of Information Value-AHP. Firozkuh watershed was selected as study area because in this watershed, badlands are the most important contributors to soil erosion because of the condition of climatic, hydrologic, topographic, and reduced vegetation conditions, and as well as presence of susceptible soil and geology formations in this region.

At first, distribution map of badland erosion in Firozkuh watershed was prepared using satellite images and field survey. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) map was prepared using the elevation points and lines in the topographic maps prepared by the National Cartography Center of Iran. Slope aspect, slope degree, plan curvature, TWI and elevation classes maps was created using DEM map in ArcGIS10.3 and SAGA-GIS environment. The land use of Firozkuh watershed was created from LANDSAT 8 images of year 2020 using a synthetic method. To map soil characteristics, 30 samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory. The geology map of the watershed was extracted from the geologic map of Iran with the scale of 1:100000. The distance from river was created in ArcGIS10.3 environment. Average annual rainfall map was developed using rainfall data from meteorological stations. The weight of the conditioning factor classes were calculated using the information value model. AHP model was also used to prioritize conditioning factor. The weight obtained from both models was multiplied together and the final weight was calculated using synthetic model. By combining the weights, the final badland erosion susceptibility map was prepared. In the last step, ROC curve and area under the curve was used for accuracy assessment of the models.

To prioritize the conditioning factors of badland susceptibility in Firozkuh watershed, AHP model was used. The results indicated that slope degree, geology, elevation, and distance from rivers have the greatest impact on badland occurrence in the Firozkuh watershed. The weight of the conditioning factor classes were calculated using the information value model. Results showed that the highest weight of the information value is related to the slope more than 35, marl, limestone and shale formations, elevation class of 1712 to 2286 meters, northwest aspect, clay 25 to 33%, rangelands, and distance less than 1150 meters from drainage network.
Two information value models and synthetic model were used to prepare the badland susceptibility map. Accuracy assessment of the models was done using ROC and area under this curve. The area under the curve for the information value and synthetic model was 0.684 and 0.811, respectively. This results show that Information Value was moderate, and synthetic model was very good for badland erosion susceptibility mapping. To check the overall susceptibility of the watershed, the area of very high, high, moderate and low classes was calculated. The land area of the very high and high classes is 44% (about 640 square kilometers) of the Firozkuh watershed for the synthetic model.

In this research, the Information Vale and synthetic models were used for prioritizing the condition factors of badland occurrence and badland susceptibility mapping in the Firozkuh watershed. Eleven conditioning factors including elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, TWI, Plan Curvature, Precipitation, Land-use, geology, distance to river, clay percent, and soil pH were selected and input as spatial layers in a GIS environment. AHP method was used to investigate importance of conditioning factors and their prioritization. The results of conditioning factors importance explained that slope degree and geology have the greatest impact on badland erosion in the Firozkuh watershed. Also, Information Value and synthetic models showed acceptable efficiency to map badland susceptibility in the study area. Results of this research showed that about 44% of the study area has high to very high susceptibility to the badland erosion, so control and management of this phenomenon is essential in Firozkuh watershed. Badland erosion is one of the most important sources of sediment production in the study area and planners should pay attention to this issue in their decisions. Badland susceptibility map is a very important tool that can be used to improve managing future badland erosion in the Firozkuh watershed and other areas affected by badland erosion.

A Value Proposition is a clear, persuasive, and valid expression of the experience that a customer can receive from services or products and is associated with the idea of what specifically a business can offer to its customers and why the customer chooses a particular company and its products or services, preferring them to competing products or services and being willing to pay for them. However, the historical development of this phrase has not been considered, and over time, its meaning has evolved. In addition, translation as a tool for the linguistic transmission of concepts, especially in different cultural contexts, has always made it difficult to achieve the meaning and concept desired by the original author. This is because translation is the translator’s understanding of the original author's understanding and expression, and based on it, they choose the words they want. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the words that provide the most understanding of the original author. For this reason, the present study seeks to analyze the semantic expression of the Value Proposition.

To analyze and review the term "Value Proposition," a hermeneutic approach has been used. Documentary methods and library studies have also been used to collect information.

Based on the findings of the research, the term "Value Proposition" has a two-way nature that is created in interaction with the customer; therefore, it requires participation and acknowledgment from them. This is even though the translation of the offered value is not included in the proposition, and this linguistic format presents the determination of values to the customer unilaterally and does not fit with the co-creation of value and the participation of the customer at the beginning. Therefore, it will not evoke a proposition that can actively be true or false on the part of the customer.

Since the value of a product or service will only be meaningful if it fulfills the customer's real need by hearing the live voice of the customer, the authors recommend the use of "value propositions" instead of "offered value." They believe that in a value proposition, it is possible to check the truth or falsity, or in other words, to measure the approval or disapproval of the value of the service or product by the customer or the receiver of the service. In this way, the customer can play an active role. The term "value propositions" is composed of two words, "propositions" and "value," and the truth and falsity of the goods or services and the value provided can be agreed upon in the interaction of two parties, which will also result in their mutual commitment to each other.

This article is the result of a collaboration between the University of Tehran and Aalborg University in Denmark, aimed at a better understanding of the literature on national development. Particularly in recent years, the literature on development in Iranian society has become contentious and misunderstood, and its confusion in contemporary history suggests that development is more the result of disciplined and systematic interaction of collective intelligence than of intellectual fervor. Therefore, it is hoped that by focusing more on the issue of development, appropriate foundations for a better understanding of it can be provided.This research, whichemploys the thematic method—a qualitative approach based on study and semi-structured interviews—includes interviews with twelve domestic elites from university professors and experienced practitioners in the country. It also results from a year and a half of study and collaboration with the Faculties of Communication Science, Sociology, and Business at Aalborg University.The focus of this research is on the "sociology of national development" and the role of "discourse" in the formation of development theories. The outcome is the presentation of two models: firstly, a proposal on the appropriate structure and social relationships on which development should be based, and secondly, the suggestion of "discursive models" to achieve collective rationality andidentity.

Knowledge of the diversity and structure of forest stands is a fundamental prerequisite for understanding and managing natural ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to determine the composition, frequency and diversity of woody species in the canopy gaps (caused by the storm) and compare it with the control stands (without the storm). The forest stands mixed with abundance and different composition at the level of 7 districts in 15 replications were selected by completely random method.

Based on this, mixed forest stands with different frequency and composition at the level of 7 plots in 15 replications were selected as completely random. The studied area was Darab-Kola Sari forest series, Mazandaran province. In order to analyze the data, the plots were divided into four categories in terms of area: Small (less than 200 m2 ), medium (200 to 500 m2 ), large (500 to 1000 m2 ), and very large (more than 1000 m2 ). Within each gap, the specifications of regeneration and height of woody species were calculated and recorded by establishing microplots (3×3 m). Diversity of woody species was investigated using diversity indices (Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and Brillouin), richness (Margalef and Menhinick) and evenness (Pitt and Hill).

Sixteen tree species were identified within the gaps (created by storm) and control stands in the study area. The highest frequency of regeneration occurred inside the gaps resulting from the storm, and their frequency increased with the increase of the gap size. Results showed that there was only a significant difference between gap and control stands of plant species (at 5% level) and the highest frequency was observed inside the gaps (1458±249 in gap vs. 879±138 in control stand). Also, with increasing the gap size, the diversity and frequency indices increased (5 seedlings in small gap to 4767 seedlings in very large gap). Among the diversity indices, Simpson had the highest values. Peat index in gaps (0.100) and in the control stands (0.130) showed the lowest value among evenness indices.

Natural disasters, including windstorms, are phenomena which their causes are well understood, but their incidence is usually unpredictable. Storms can cause a lot of damage to forest stands, and the frequency of damage is proportional to their severity. Results of this study showed that storm occurrence can have positive and significant effects on the forest structure, which by the correct forecasting and management of the forest, some steps can be taken to improve the vegetation cover. A combination of wind intensity and pre-storm characteristics of stand structure can play an important role in determining tree diversity dynamics because immediately after the storm, tree mortality is high and causes changes in plant composition and diversity. Considering the occupancy of broadleaf mixed stands in the Darabkola region, it is suggested to pay more attention to woody species with deep roots, the crown length to trunk length ratio and also be resistant to strong winds.

Nowadays, smart urban management improves the resilience of cities. Since the resilience of a city increases with the smartening of its infrastructures, so it seems that resilience and smart urban management by using common infrastructures and indicators have an effect on solving today's urban problems. They have a lot. Therefore, this study has identified and prioritized the components of urban intelligence to increase the resilience of cities as its main goal. This study is based on practical purpose and in terms of data collection, it is a descriptive correlational type that has used library sources and a questionnaire to collect the required information. The questionnaire of this study is a researcher-made questionnaire and consists of 105 questions whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. The statistical population of this study consists of specialists, experts and experts in the field of urban management in Tehran, of which 168 people were randomly selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. In order to analyze the data, the structural equation method and Lisrel and SPSS software were used, and finally, the identified indicators were prioritized based on the AHP method. The obtained results indicate that the components of urban intelligence for the resilience of cities are under the indicators of building, energy, telecommunications, transportation, human services, water and its treatment, public security and payments. The results of prioritizing the indicators also prove that human services, buildings and transportation systems have a higher priority compared to the size of the indicators and it is necessary to be given special attention by the relevant authorities and experts in order to create resilient smart cities.

The position of knowledge in policy-making has been discussed and disputed by academics for a long time, but it has been more seriously considered in recent decades. One of the most important approaches in this field is evidence-based policy-making, which was proposed in 1997 as an alternative to ideological and opinion-based policy-making. This research examines and criticizes this approach and argues that although the idea of evidence-based policy-making is desirable and ideal, but because scientific and research evidence - especially soft sciences such as humanities and social sciences - are products of social relations and not objective, it is not possible to realize the idea of evidence-based policy-making as an alternative to ideological and opinion-based policy-making. In addition, even with the assumption of objective and pure human knowledge, considering that the nature of policy-making is intertwined with interests, power, bureaucracy, and the like, there are many obstacles to use scientific evidence in policy-making

This study was conducted with the goal of designing a policy-making model for sports in Iran, with a focus on the development of 'sport for all'. In terms of purpose, this study is classified as applied research, as it encompasses practical aspects for various organizations related to sports and health, in addition to providing awareness and scientific insights. Furthermore, this research is exploratory in nature, as it aims to design a model on a novel and innovative topic.

A mixed qualitative-quantitative method was employed in this study. The qualitative component was conducted using a situation analysis approach, which is one of the methods of grounded theory. The qualitative research involved interviewing experts; thus, 12 experts in the fields of policy making and sport management were interviewed. These experts were either professors or managers of organizations related to sports, possessing over a decade of executive and decision-making experience. Sampling was carried out using targeted and snowball methods. The quantitative section utilized interpretative structural modeling, an approach based on expert opinions, effective for exploring qualitative variables with mutual effects at various levels of importance.

After an in-depth examination of the interviews and the data obtained, each interview was analyzed individually to extract initial codes. Subsequently, concepts and categories were developed. Messy situational maps, ordered situational maps, and social worlds/arenas maps were identified. The primary categories of the sport policy-making model in Iran for the development of 'sport for all' include contextual factors, mediating factors, role players and influential institutions, executive requirements, environmental complexities, risks, legal problems, external organizational factors, costs and expenses, and interorganizational challenges. With the aid of interpretive structural modeling, conceptual modeling was conducted. Role players and influential institutions emerged as the most significant factors in Iran's sport policy-making process, possessing the highest influence and the least dependence compared to other factors.

Given that 'sport for all' should be elevated to the level of the country's macro policies, and its development and progress should be approached as a complex issue, the policy for the development of 'sport for all' becomes especially important. Policymakers should give it significant attention. Role players and influential institutions in Iran's sports policy-making process require substantial coordination due to their numerous connections and conflicts. In Iran, 'sport for all' and organized recreation have received limited attention, and currently, there is no mechanism for monitoring sports policies and their continuous implementation. Therefore, it is recommended to implement a national physical activity monitoring plan based on a comprehensive and electronic system. Since the involvement of managers and executives, as well as their cooperation with policymakers in the policy formation process, is crucial, policymakers should be as involved as possible in the implementation process. Additionally, conditions should be facilitated to enable the private sector to effectively engage in this field.

Although the strategy is an essential element to achieve organizational goals, this concept is not considered as a unified whole in nature. It can be said that the reason is referring to the definitions that appear to be very diverse and refer to the multi-faceted prism of knowing about the nature of this phenomenon which inevitably leads to misinterpretations and lack of consensus among experts in this field. But the existence of different natures of this concept is inevitable. It is worth noting, while active thinkers in the field of strategic management, sometimes neglect the achievements of interdisciplinary studies including philosophical sciences, they have become accustomed to reproducing static theories, this research is trying to explore the dynamic nature of strategy with an analytical-fundamental method and using the scientific way of thinking. Therefore, the first step begins with the analysis of definitions, and the second step attempts to understand the concepts behind their appearances by clarifying their origins. The achievement of these two steps is establishing a link between the analysis with the causes and the underlying layers of thought and the basic assumptions of the theories that form them and obtaining the three natures (science, experience, and craft) of the strategy. But this research goes beyond mere exploration, and by taking the third step in synthesizing existing natures based on Kant's philosophical foundations and the real foundations of human nature as creative, innovative, non-teleological, and imaginative, a new idea about the nature of strategy will provide.

The capability approach, the result of the latest development theories, is a novel perspective that links development with the concepts of "functions" and "capabilities." This approach can be employed as a fundamental framework in the education system. The aim of this research is to design a policy-making model based on the development of human capabilities in the Kurdistan Region's Ministry of Education. In this regard, human capabilities in the field of education were identified in Kurdistan, and logical connections between influential components were established to formulate a policy for developing human capabilities.

This research was conducted using qualitative research methods and a grounded theory approach. In this context, research data were collected through purposive sampling. This sampling involved employing experts and professionals in the field of education in Kurdistan. Data were collected through conducting in-depth interviews. Initially, experts in education were carefully selected, and only those with sufficient capability and experience in this field were chosen for interviews. This purposive sampling was done by setting precise criteria for selecting individuals to gain the best perspectives and experiences. Then, through conducting in-depth interviews with selected individuals, the necessary data for the research were collected. These interviews were extensive and detailed, asking various questions related to the research topic. Simultaneously, data were collected and analyzed. According to the Glaserian approach, the data were coded and conceptualized. This stage was done carefully to clearly highlight patterns, concepts, and significant differences in the data. Precise coding of this information allowed for a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the collected data.

The research findings show that in the Kurdistan Region's education system, there are two main levels of human capabilities: skill-based capabilities and opportunity-based capabilities. These two levels of capability are widely observed in the education structure, from different educational levels to informal and self-taught education sectors. Skill-based capabilities focus on individual skills, abilities, and competencies. Academic, specialized, and practical skills acquired in the field of education are part of these capabilities. Opportunity-based capabilities are related to individuals' ability to utilize opportunities and facilities in their environment. These capabilities include social, communicative, and entrepreneurial abilities. Furthermore, the results showed that if attention is given to contextual factors, transformative elements, and facilitating factors, these capabilities can be transformed into desirable functions. These transformations are observable not only at the level of formal education but also in informal education processes. These results indicate the comprehensive and extensive nature of human capability development in the Kurdistan Region's education system and emphasize the fundamental role of these capabilities in improving educational processes and enhancing individuals' proficiency.

If educational policymakers in the Kurdistan Region's education system have a comprehensive and interactive perspective towards various aspects of human capabilities, it can be expected that desirable functions such as enhancing welfare and happiness in the social and educational areas of this region will be formed. This matter is dependent on the strengthening of social institutions, respect for regional norms and laws, valuing ethnic characteristics, and successful management of geopolitical factors. In this way, the capability approach, as a conceptual framework, not only aligns with traditional development paradigms but also plays a key role in creating a dynamic and responsive structure for educational policy-making.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors which affect the self-empowerment of employees in private hospitals in Iran and it was conducted by combining qualitative (data base) and quantitative (survey) methods. The statistical population were selected for both qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative phase 40 individuals were selected. From this sample, 20 individuals were managers and employees of private hospitals and 20 individuals were university professors and experts in the field of management. The data in this part was collected through interviews which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. In the quantitative phase, using Cochran's formula, 293 individuals were selected randomly. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed through the grounded theory and the data from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The findings revealed that self-empowerment could be considered as a psychological phenomenon based on individual activism. This refers to a process where a set of causal factors (individual and organizational factors or, in other words, internal and external factors), contextual factors (including cultural-social and organizational factors), intervening organizational factors (including organizational justice and organizational transformation and modernization) involve in its formation. Among the mentioned factors, the respondents offered a better evaluation of individual factors compared to organizational factors regarding the casual factors, of organizational nature compared to cultural and social factors in terms of the contextual factors, and of organization change and update compared to organizational justice in terms of intervening factors.

As a key and influential organizational issue to utilize the employees’ intellectual power and thoughts, their participation has become a competitive advantage. Given the considerable achievements of the positivism perspective, such as positive organizational behavior in the organization, the present research was aimed at designing the model of attracting employees’ participation in the organization with an emphasis on positive organizational behavior. The data was collected in the first stage through interviews with18 of experts and scholars in the management field (academic) were chosen by a purposive sampling method and with using Delphi method and in the second stage through a questionnaire.the statistical population of this research included 305 employees working for the Vice-Chancellor for Resource Management and Development of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and the statistical sample was calculated equal to 170 individuals through using Cochran’s formula. The fitting of the research model was done using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations and using SmartPLS3 software. The results revealed a significant relationship between structural factors, behavioral factors, positive organizational behavior factors, environmental factors, and attracting employees’ participation. Furthermore, employees’ participation affects their job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and empowerment. According to the results of this research is suggested shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences can do things such as creating a suggestion system, reducing centralism in the organization, adjusting the formality of the organization, sharing information, creating motivation in employees, creating a supportive organizational atmosphere, strengthening the positive attitude of managers towards participation, developing employees' self-efficacy, increasing hope and development Optimistic style in the work environment should be used to attract the employees’ participation

Since it is impossible to provide a comprehensive definition, this hinders the strategy as each interpretation suggests a specific type of knowledge that only pertains to one facet of the multifaceted prism of knowledge of this phenomenon with a subjective nature. This research aims to delve beyond surface-level appearances and uncover the essence, which represents the true nature of the strategy.
This research is based on an analytic-synthetic method within the framework of a holistic view. Although the simultaneous application of inductive realism in analytics and deductive apriorism in synthesis is considered an inevitable necessity in social science research, it has often been neglected. By using the method of analysis, we challenge the internal logic of the most significant definitions chosen by thinkers. In this field, specifically between 1938 and 2021, critiques and challenges have been addressed in a casual manner. These issues have been approached from an external perspective to establish connections between components using foundational principles. A synthetic method (foundation-oriented) has been employed to reconcile apparent contradictions. This method will make it possible to go beyond the truth in its apparent meaning and reach the truth itself.
The achievement in this scientific process shows that it is not possible to present an original and complete concept of a phenomenon such as strategy within the framework of the concepts that form it. This is because knowledge based on experience (a posteriori knowledge), which results from observing external realities, relies not only on components and elements but also on custom, association, contingency, and the least certainty. It is inconceivable to achieve a totality with the characteristics of completeness and originality solely through abstraction from experience. Therefore, in addition to the three considerations raised to uncover the truth of strategy itself, which include paying attention to the scope of definitions, the extra-sensory dimension of phenomena, and the certain principles presented by Kant to find truth through the path of... Scientific understanding relies solely on principles and foundations that are absolutely necessary. These principles, due to their a priori nature, enable us to resolve the contradictions present in the real world.
From an empirical standpoint, every practical phenomenon must necessarily rely on universality, which can serve as a beacon and guide for all experimental matters, both in the past and in the future. In this way, it is evident that being content with superficial appearances and subjective perspectives hinders the pursuit of truth regarding any phenomenon, impeding deep reflection in the field of study. Hence, in the study of humanities, particularly in the field of strategy, focusing on the origin of phenomena and their inherent truth by establishing A priori principles as a guide, will not only facilitate the realization of the essence of each phenomenon but also enable the generation of original ideas and the actualization of the potential capabilities of human thought, thereby advancing the scientific domain.

In this study, the response of individual trees and the stand structure to windstorm damage were investigated in a mixed broad-leaf forest stands located in Darabkola Forest, northern Iran. A full inventory was performed for all trees with diameter at breast height≥ 10cm and all damaged trees were identified within the study area. The number of the damaged trees varied with species, ranging from 0.04% (2 individuals) in Tilia begonifolia Stev to 53.7% (2709 individuals) in Fagus orientalis L. Among the damaged trees 5054 recorded, 2231 (44.20%) had been snapped and 787 (15.6 %) uprooted, and 2028 (40.20 %) were snags. Among the species, Fagus orientalis L. (47.7%), Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey. (19.7%) and Carpinus betulus L. (18.8%) were most susceptible to uprooting, whereas Populus caspica Bornm, Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey. and Ulmus glabra Huds. were the least susceptible to uprooting. Trees ≥60cm dbh were more likely to be snapped (78%) or snags (69%), whereas trees <60 cm dbh were more presumably to be uprooted (50%). Also, about one third (33%) of total trees larger than 60 cm (dbh) have showed distinct effects and individual trees >20 m were more commonly uprooted. Finding showed that Oriental beech and Common hornbeam to be species that were most susceptible to both being snapped and snagged, whereas Caucasian alder had the most uprooting damage among the other species. Overall, features like species, D.B.H, height and height to diameter ratio (H/D.B.H), were intensively related with the type and severity of windstorm damage.

This research intended to obtain a model of factors affecting the formation of general policies for road transportation safety with the help of research conducted in the field of road transportation safety. The type of qualitative research and systematic literature review method. In this regard, 105 articles that had the required validity and quality were deeply examined and based on the open coding method, 350 components were extracted in the form of 114 codes under 27 subcategories (structure) and 6 main categories. The analysis of the findings showed that among these categories, the category of "road safety management" received the most mentions among the reviewed sources, followed by the categories of "safer users" and "safety financial provision". , "Safer road", "Response after an accident", "Safer vehicles" are placed.

The accumulation of coal waste from industry has made these materials available and economical to use in ground improvement reducing environmental pollution. Research has shown that adding cement to coal reduces coal pollution. Therefore, coal tailings of different sizes can be mixed with cement and the resulting mixture can be used to stabilize and improve sandy soil in road construction or construction of stone columns. The main idea of this study is to investigate the effect of particle size of coal tailings and coal leachate on fine sand stabilization with cement. Therefore, different weight percentages of cement and coal tailings of different sizes have been mixed and the physical and strength characteristics of the resulting mixtures have been investigated with several tests such as standard Proctor compaction and unconfined compression tests. To achieve the optimal mixing ratio, the effect of the weight ratio of cement to coal tailings (0/100, 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50) and the effect of the particle size of coal tailings including passing Sieve No. 40, Sieve No. 200, as well as coal waste solution were examined. The results show an improvement in the strength of soils mixed with finer particles of coal tailings. The results of unconfined compression tests show that by increasing the ratio of additives from 2.5% to 7.5%, the compressive strength increases and the optimal mixing ratio of additives is equal to 90% of cement and 10% of fine coal waste particles.

In this study, the response of individual trees and the stand structure to windstorm damage were investigated in a mixed broad-leaf forest stands located in Darabkola Forest, Sari, northern Iran. A field survey was conducted over an area of 2612 ha of the given stands.

A full inventory was performed for all trees with diameter at breast height≥ 10cm and all damaged (i.e., snapped, snags, branch loss, broken trunk or uprooted) trees were identified within the study area. Tree height was measured using Laser Distance Meter for trees more than 10 m high and a Clinometer for all trees <10m. The percentage of trees damaged was the dependent variable; but, independent variables included number, mean height (m), total basal area (m2) and volume trees (m3). Independent t-test was performed to compare the mean of trees based on diameter classes. Also, the affection of height on susceptibility to windstorm effects was tested by comparing mean trees height within each class.

The number of the damaged trees varied with species, ranging from 0.04 % (2 individuals) in Tilia begonifolia Stev to 53.7 % (2709 individuals) in Fagus orientalis L. Among the damaged trees 5054 recorded, 2231 (44.20 %) had been snapped and 787 (15.6 %) uprooted, and 2028 (40.20 %) were snags. Among the species, Fagus orientalis L. (47.7 %), Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey. (19.7 %) and Carpinus betulus L. (18.8 %) were most susceptible to uprooting, whereas Populus caspica Bornm, Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey. and Ulmus glabra Huds. were the least susceptible to uprooting. The species differed significantly in their susceptibility to snapping. Trees ≥60cm dbh were more likely to be snapped (78 %) or snags (69 %), whereas trees <60 cm dbh were more presumably to be uprooted (50 %). Also, about one third (33 %) of total trees larger than 60 cm (D.B.H) have showed distinct effects and individual trees >20 m were more commonly uprooted. The number of snapped trees, snags and uprooted trees had a sharp increase in trees taller than 20m.

Our finding showed that Oriental beech and Common hornbeam to be species that were most susceptible to both being snapped and snagged, whereas Caucasian alder had the most uprooting damage among the other species. Overall, features like species, D.B.H, height and height to diameter ratio (H/D.B.H), were intensively related with the type and severity of windstorm damage. The findings showed that windstorms cause substantial structural effects in mixed stands of beech and hornbeam.

EVP as a strategy to create a competitive advantage for the employer in the labor market and with the aim of ensuring the employment and maintaining of the best employees, is a new concept that considers the benefits of cooperation with a specific employer, and different components have been introduced for that so far. Therefore, the current research seeks to understand the nature as well as the components of EVP with an integrated approach.

In this research, in order to understand the nature and components of EVP, a systematic literature review method was used. Research data resources for this study includes the related articles published in the scientific database. These articles were chosen based on the pertinent criteria and were analyzed using open coding.

After reviewing the definitions of employees’ value propositions, the nature, purpose, and conditions for achieving this value were identified. Furthermore, its five integral components include: communicational, cultural, economic, developmental values, values of the job and values of pride and credibility of the organization.

The findings of this study can contribute to cognition of the organization employees’ expected values in order to improve competitive power of the organizations in employing and retaining the best individuals.

One of the most important and powerful industries in Iran is the defense industry. Today, the defense industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of technological capabilities has grown significantly and has been empowered in the design, construction and production of relatively advanced systems and technological innovations of military weapons, so that now the internal processes of the defense industry are not only external. Military data and thus the strengthening of military funds. In this qualitative study, from the sampling method to the stage of theoretical ghosts, through interviews with 30 senior managers and commanders of the defense industry and affiliated organizations whose activities depend on different operational and executive departments of the defense industry Has been accomplished. The results of the studies have shown that 6 main themes and 26 sub-themes have been identified, which are reflected on the basis of 6 theorems. Prioritization is based on reliance on internal capacity and available human and financial resources, but the role of technological and technological development should not be overlooked.

Massive multiple-input multiple-output is a promising technology in future communication networks where a large number of antennas are used. It provides huge advantages to the future communication systems in data rate, the quality of services, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency. Linear detection algorithms can achieve a near-optimal performance in large-scale MIMO systems, due to the asymptotic orthogonal channel property. But, the performance of linear MIMO detectors degrades when the number of transmit antennas is close to the number of receive antennas (loaded scenario). Therefore, this paper proposes a series of detectors for large MIMO systems, which is capable of achieving promising performance in loaded scenarios. The main idea is to improve the performance of the detector by finding the hidden sparsity in the residual error of the received signal. At the first step, the conventional MIMO model is converted into the sparse model via the symbol error vector obtained from a linear detector. With the aid of the compressive sensing methods, the incorrectly detected symbols are recovered and performance improvement in the detector output is obtained. Different sparse recovery algorithms have been considered to reconstruct the sparse error signal. This study reveals that error recovery by imposing sparse constraint would decrease the bit error rate of the MIMO detector. Simulation results show that the iteratively reweighted least squares method achieves the best performance among other sparse recovery methods.

This research is intended to design a model for human capabilities development of managers of the local organizations. This qualitative research is based on the grounded theory method. The statistical population of the study contains managers and experts in the process of human capabilities development of managers in Tehran Municipality, 20 of whom are selected by theoretical and purposive sampling. The data collection was carried out by semi-structured interviews whose data were analyzed and the categories were identified through open, selective and theoretical coding. In the open coding stage, 120 initial codes were identified. Refining and merging of the similar codes resulted in 87 codes which were finally classified into 13 main categories and 20 subcategories, and finally, the target model was designed by remarking the relationships between the components. The research findings indicated that the implementation of human resource development model of managers of local organizations brings about the development of human resource capabilities as one of the functions of human resources in relation to recruitment, training and improvement, retention and retirement, as a measurement tool for the recognition of growth and development of human resource capabilities.

The system of policy making can be analyzed from different perspectives. One of these perspectives is the sociological view. In this regard, the aim of this research is to analyze the system of policy making in the Islamic Republic of Iran from a sociological perspective. To achieve this goal, a descriptive-analytical research method was used. After collecting data through library studies and analyzing them, the policy-making system of the Islamic Republic of Iran was described and analyzed from a sociological perspective. One of the most widely used sociological typologies, namely the classification of societies into traditional and modern societies, was also used for the sociological analysis of the policy making system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results of the sociological analysis of IRR's political decision-making system show that this system has both the characteristics of traditional structures and the characteristics of modern structures, and such a combination can be beneficial if the further development of the used components of tradition and modernity in the country's policy making system is justified. And in practice, it should be efficient, effective and measurable; otherwise, it will have a non-traditional and mal-modern situation and cause unprofitable confrontations and malfunctions between the components of the country's policy making system.

There is a huge emphasis on the integrity and incorruptibility of organizations to prevent corrupt behaviors. Hence, this paper aimed to make a better understanding of integrity frameworks and components in international publications.

To achieve that aim, this paper was done through a Meta-synthesis analysis. For this purpose, after searching the databases in a time limit of 2000- 2020 (November), studies were selected that directly examined the subject of organizational integrity and entered the analysis phase. The selected studies were entered into MAXQDA11 software for coding.Research

 After the coding process, 98 codes were identified. From the referral point of view, among the identified codes are clear codes of behaviors, Informing about the results of the organization's performance, training, and empowerment of personnel codes were the most important in terms of the number of referrals in research terms respectively. In the next step, codes were divided into 15 Categories.Innovation or Value of the Article: Achieving a comprehensive model with the Meta Synthesis approach is one of the innovations of this study, which could be a pattern for other research.