mokhtar arefi

The aim of the present study is to repeat the concept of the obedience to authority test of Stanley Milgram (1963-1974) by controlling the influence of disturbing variables raised by critics such as (the role of laboratory conditions, the believable implementation of deception, the effect of trust in the normal personality of the experimenter, the legroom effect using stimulating and coercive sentences) in a comprehensive plan and also investigating the correlation of two variables of age and gender with the level of obedience to authority.

The quasi-experimental research method was pre-test-post-test of one group and also of correlation type. The statistical population included all undergraduate students in the field of psychology at Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah branch in the academic year 1401-1402, and using the available sampling method, a class of 30 people from the psychology department was selected as a sample. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software version 26 was used for data analysis.

The results indicated that 84% of the subjects obeyed the orders of the authority significantly (p=0). Also, there was no correlation (r=0.047-0.008) between the variables of age and gender and the level of obedience.

Considering that in the present study, the influence of disturbing variables that had influenced the results of Milgram's research was controlled, the results obtained showed a high level of obedience in line with Milgram's research.

The aim of this study is to investigate problem-solving skills as a comprehensive program that plays a significant role in communication and guiding individuals' lives towards achieving specific goals. The program is designed to modify behavior, select, and replace appropriate behaviors in challenging conditions faced by individuals.

Methods and Materials:

The research design is quasi-experimental, utilizing a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up method with a control group. A total of 100 students were selected through random sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (50 participants) and a control group (50 participants). Parents and students then participated in 10 two-hour sessions of the family-centered problem-solving program over three months. Data were collected based on parents' reports using the short form of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory (D'Zurilla et al., 2004) and the Pianta Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (1994).

The findings, according to the participating mothers' reports, indicated a significant difference in the experimental group between pre-test and post-test scores (three-month interval) and follow-up (one-month interval) in the subscales of the Pianta Parent-Child Interaction, including conflict resolution (P < 0.04) and intimacy (P < 0.03). However, no significant difference was found in the dependency subscale.

The practical application of the family-centered problem-solving training resulted in changes in mothers' parenting styles, improving interactive communication between mother and child, increasing emotional connection and intimacy with the child, and reducing emotional conflicts among children, thereby playing an important role in family communication patterns.

A prevalent complication associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is anxiety, particularly affecting women employed within the healthcare sector, who represent a vulnerable demographic susceptible to COVID-related anxiety. Consequently, the objective of this research was to explore the correlation between COVID-induced anxiety and both social support and cognitive flexibility, while also assessing the mediating role of emotion regulation within this context.

This investigation employed a descriptive correlational design utilizing the structural equation modeling approach. The target demographic for this study comprised all personnel engaged in health services at Kermanshah health centers during the autumn of 2022, from which a sample of 364 individuals was selected through cluster random sampling techniques. The research instruments incorporated the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) (Alipour et al., 2018), the multidimensional social support scales established by Zimet et al., Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010). Analytical procedures for the collected data were conducted using SPSS and PLS Smart software.

The outcomes revealed a significant direct effect of social support (β = - 0.377, P <0.01) as well as an indirect effect mediated by emotion regulation (β = 0.039, P <0.01) on COVID-related anxiety. Furthermore, the direct influence of cognitive flexibility (β = - 0.246, P <0.05) and its indirect effect mediated by emotion regulation (β =  0.128, P <0.05) on COVID-related anxiety were also found to be significant.

Social support and cognitive flexibility have a negative and significant relationship with corona anxiety, and emotion regulation plays a mediating role in this relationship. By providing appropriate educational and supportive interventions, working women's anxiety in healthcare fields can be reduced during the epidemic of contagious diseases.

  This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Kernberg's personality organization and obedience to authority.

 The present research is fundamental in terms of its objective and utilizes a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of methodology. The statistical population included all undergraduate psychology students at the Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, in the 2022-2023 academic year. A convenience sampling method was used to select a class of 30 psychology students as the sample. The quantitative phase of the study was descriptive-correlational, while the qualitative phase employed qualitative content analysis. Spearman's correlation test was conducted using SPSS version 26. Data from the interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA 2022, and categorization was based on thematic analysis. Validity was assessed through respondent validation, and the coding reliability achieved a Kappa coefficient of 0.62. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews, Kernberg's Personality Organization Inventory, and a researcher-made questionnaire.

 The results of the correlation test indicated a positive and significant correlation at the 99% confidence level between the variables of obedience and the components of personality, lower-level defenses, reality testing, and personality organization. Additionally, thematic analysis identified eight factors underlying obedience and disobedience: guilt, inner conflict, adherence to inner values, absence of inner conflict, respect for authority, the authority's request, trust in authority, and fear of punishment.

 It can be concluded that the diversity in obedience and disobedience to authority cannot be explained solely by environmental stimuli. Instead, the interaction between environmental and personality stimuli determines individuals' responses to authoritative commands.

The human body has a circadian rhythm too, which is repeated every 24 hours. According to the changes in the night shift work of nurses, it can be expected that marital satisfaction will be affected by sleep quality and fatigue caused by waking up during the night. However, few studies have been conducted regarding the impact of this index on the marital life of nurses.

The present study was conducted to explain the structural equation model of marital satisfaction based on sexual self-efficacy with the mediation of circadian rhythms in female nurses.

This research is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this research was all married female nurses working in government hospitals of Tehran in 2023 in number of 2361 people. 330 sample people were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Sexual self-efficacy questionnaire (Vaziri and Lotfi Kashani 2018), Marital satisfaction scale (Hudson et al., 1981), and Circadian rhythms scale (Jaafari Roudbandi et al., 2012) as data collection tools were used. After confirming the normality of the data, the structural equation model was used with SmartPLS3 software.

The results showed that the mentioned indicators have an acceptable t value at a significant level (p< 0.05), so they are effective in changing the marital satisfaction of nursing women. Also, the mediating role of circadian rhythms on these relationships was confirmed.

Based on these results, it can be concluded that by educating nurses about circadian rhythms and improving sleep quality, effective steps can be taken to improve marital satisfaction and sexual self-efficacy which is the basic basis of marital relationship strength.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is the most common psychological problem after disasters and accidents. Religious themes indicate that people call upon God when faced with threatening situations. Psychopathological research has also shown that shocking and threatening events may cause symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in some susceptible people. Also, researches have shown that the characteristic of neuroticism can aggravate suffering from post-traumatic stress.

This study aims to investigate the structural relationships of neuroticism and conscientiousness in earthquake victims with post-traumatic stress experience with the mediating role of religious beliefs.

This research was applied, descriptive-survey and correlational with structural equation model. The statistical population included the survivors of the Azgole earthquake in Kermanshah in 1396, who were considered as the statistical population in 1401. The sample size was estimated to be 384 people using the table of Morgan and Krejci, who completed the post-traumatic stress scale of Wedders et al. (1993), the scale of religious beliefs of Allport (1967) and personality traits of McCree and Costa (2021). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the distribution of the variables, and the Pearson correlation test was used to check the correlation between the variables. Hypotheses testing was analyzed using Imus 24 software.

The results of the research indicated that religious beliefs play a mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and post-traumatic stress. Also, the results showed that religious beliefs significantly moderate the relationship between conscientiousness and post-traumatic stress.

According to the results of the current research on the mediating role of religious beliefs in the relationship between personality and post-traumatic stress in people affected by earthquakes, it is suggested that therapists design their therapeutic interventions with an emphasis on religious resources and beliefs and in training, capacities and resources Ritual positivity of people should be taken into consideration by mental health guardians.

The effects of corona anxiety have become one of the main health challenges that endanger people's quality of life. Therefore, this research investigated the relationship between Corona anxiety, Corona knowledge, and social support with the mediating role of quality of life in this field.

The present work follows a descriptive approach and the correlational design of the structural equation model type. The statistical population included all women working at the health centers of Kermanshah in the second half of 2022; among them, 364 were selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) of Alipour et al. (2020), the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Questionnaire (1998), the researcher-made Questionnaire of Corona Knowledge, and the multidimensional perceived social support scale of Zimet et al. (1988). Moreover, the data was analyzed by the structural equation method using the SPSS (version 25) and PLS3 Smart software.

The results of this study indicated that the direct effect of corona knowledge (P<0.05, β=-0.208) and its indirect effects through quality of life (P<0.05, β=0.134) on corona anxiety were significant. In addition, the direct impact of social support (P<0.01, β=-0.377) and its indirect effect through quality of life (P<0.05, β=0.049) on corona anxiety were meaningful. The corona knowledge and social support had a negative and significant relationship with corona anxiety, and quality of life played a mediating role in this relationship.

By providing appropriate educational and supportive interventions in response to health crises, it is possible to improve individuals' quality of life and reduce their anxiety significantly.

 The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and emotion-focused therapy on attachment patterns, communication patterns, and lifestyle of incompatible couples who referred to counseling centers.

 This study is applied research in nature and quasi-experimental in execution, utilizing a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples with incompatible spouses who referred to counseling centers (Behesht Counseling Center) in Isfahan in 2022. From this population, 45 individuals were selected using convenience and purposive sampling and divided into three groups: two experimental groups (each with 15 participants) and one control group (15 participants). The first experimental group underwent Goodwin's positive psychotherapy (2018) in ten sessions, and the second experimental group underwent Johnson's emotion-focused therapy (2006) in eight sessions. The questionnaires used in this study were Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Questionnaire (1987), Christensen and Sullaway's Communication Patterns Questionnaire (1984), and Miller-Smith's Lifestyle Questionnaire (2003).

 Using covariance analysis, the results indicated that, after controlling for pre-test levels, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups of incompatible couples in terms of attachment patterns (secure, avoidant-insecure, and ambivalent-insecure), communication patterns (constructive mutual), communication pattern (demand/withdraw), communication pattern (avoidant), and lifestyle. The effect size was 0.48 for emotion-focused therapy. Similarly, significant differences were observed for positive psychotherapy with an effect size of 0.41. There was a significant difference in the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and emotion-focused therapy on attachment patterns (secure, avoidant-insecure, and ambivalent-insecure).

 Overall, the results indicate that emotion-focused therapy has a greater impact on attachment patterns (secure, avoidant-insecure, and ambivalent-insecure) compared to positive psychotherapy. Significant differences were also observed in the impact on communication patterns (constructive mutual, demand/withdraw, and avoidant) and lifestyle, with emotion-focused therapy showing a greater effect.

Mothers play an important role in the process of treating children's stuttering. Enhancing mothers’ psychological state through coping strategies and psychological hardiness based on schema therapy can significantly affect the mother-child relationship during the therapeutic process.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on the coping strategies and psychological hardiness of mothers with stuttering children in Kermanshah.

The present quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. In this study, 30 mothers of stuttering children were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into two groups. Endler and Parker's coping strategies questionnaire and Kubasa's psychological hardiness questionnaire were used. Schema therapy, based on Young's schema therapy protocol, was used as the intervention in one group.

The average age in the schema therapy intervention group was 34.60 ± 6.28 years, and in the control group, it was 35.87 ± 6.38 years. The highest frequency of education level in both groups was at the diploma degree. Regarding family income (socioeconomic status), the average-level income was the most common in both groups. Statistical comparison of the pre- and post-test scores of task, emotion, and avoidance strategies, as well as the scores of commitment, challenge, and control components, showed statistically significant differences in the schema therapy group (P < 0.001).

As the present findings showed, due to the significant role of mothers' interaction and reaction in managing the treatment process of stuttering children, schema therapy can be used to improve the coping strategies and psychological hardiness of mothers.

This research was conducted to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience, hardiness, and quality of life of employees at the power distribution company. The study method was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up, conducted on all employees working at the power distribution company in Kermanshah province in 2022. A total of 40 individuals participated in the study. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control (20 individuals in each group). After the pre-test using the hardiness scale (Kobasa, 1979), resilience (Connor, 1979), and quality of life (Testa, 2014), the experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 90 minutes each week of acceptance and commitment-based therapy, while the control group received no training. To assess the impact of the training, a post-test was administered to both the experimental and control groups. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS.23 software and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy led to a significant difference in hardiness, resilience, and quality of life among employees of the power distribution company (P≤0.001).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of marital adjustment based on the main family’s health with the mediating role of emotion adjustment difficulty, conflict management, and sexual intimacy in teacher couples. This study was descriptive-correlational in terms of nature, and was applied in terms of objective. The statistical population of the study was all teacher couples of Kermanshah city in academic year 2020-2021, among whom 300 were selected Stepwise random sampling. The research data were collected through Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), Main Family’s Health Scale )Hovestadt et al., 1985), Emotion Adjustment Difficulty Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Olson et al., 1986), and data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling method using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software. The findings s showed that direct effect of emotion adjustment difficulty and marital adjustment, conflict management and marital adjustment, and sexual intimacy with marital adjustment (p≤0.01). The results of indirect pathways showed that the main family health pathways have a positive effect on marital adjustment through difficulty of emotion regulation, conflict management and sexual intimacy (p≤0.05).

One of the challenges of married life is divorce, whose rising rate has prompted family researchers to investigate its causes and contributors. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of dysfunctional beliefs in the relationships between thinking styles and differentiation with emotional divorce in divorcing couples.

This study employed a descriptive correlational research design. The statistical population comprised all divorcing persons visiting clinics and family counseling centers in the city of Isfahan in 2021. A convenient sample of 226 men and women were recruited. They completed the Emotional Divorce Questionnaire, Differentiation of Self Inventory, Thinking Styles Questionnaire, and Dysfunctional Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire. The data analysis involved using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and structural equation modeling.

According to the results, the direct paths from judicial thinking, executive thinking, and dysfunctional beliefs to emotional divorce were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Additionally, the paths from legislative thinking, executive thinking, and differentiation to dysfunctional beliefs were significant (P < 0.001). The indirect effects of legislative thinking (P = 0.006), executive thinking (P = 0.035), and differentiation (P = 0.002) on emotional divorce were statistically significant.

Based on the fit indices results, it can be concluded that the assumed model was acceptable. It is important to address the problems caused by emotional divorce and focus on thinking styles, differentiation, and dysfunctional beliefs to improve couples' relationships.

In recent research, defects in cognitive processes have been proposed as one of the cognitive causal hypotheses, and psychological interventions can help to improve this disorder. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focuses on increasing psychological flexibility, which is the ability to pay attention to experiences in the present without bias. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) also emphasizes how a person responds to his/her thoughts and how he/she communicates with them. Conducting comparative research on these two types of treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder has received less attention.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ACT and MCT in reducing insufficient executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive patients.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Kermanshah City in 2022. 45 of these patients were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (a treatment group based on acceptance and commitment and a metacognitive treatment group) and a control group (15 people in each group). The measuring tool in this research was the Wisconsin card sorting test of Grant and Berg (1993). The treatment protocol based on acceptance and commitment (Bach & Moran, 2008) and metacognitive therapy (Wells, 2008) were implemented during eight 60-minute sessions for the first and second experimental groups, respectively, but the control group did not receive any intervention. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance and SPSS-23 software were used.

The results of the one-way analysis of variance showed the effectiveness of both treatment models in increasing the number of completed classes, increasing the number of correct answers, and reducing the residual error (p<0.05). Also, based on the results of Toky Post Hoc test, a significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups in the research variable, And the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has been significantly more effective in increasing the number of classes completed, increasing the number of correct answers and reducing the error remaining in participants compared to metacognitive therapy. (p<0.05).

The study findings suggest that both treatments were effective in improving the executive function of obsessive-compulsive patients. However, the effectiveness of ACT was significantly higher than MCT.

The aim of this study was to develop a causal model of positive marital outcomes based on marital characteristics mediated by emotional expression and sexual intimacy in married female primary school teachers in Kermanshah in 2022. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and correlation and structural equations in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the present study consists of all married female primary school teachers in Kermanshah in 2022. To select the sample size based on Cochran's formula from Kermanshah primary schools, 35 schools were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and then 250 teachers were selected from these schools and given the Spinner (1976) Marital Adjustment Questionnaire, Nathan Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. Et al. (1973) answered emotional expression and sexual intimacy using the Enrich Questionnaire, Marital Instability Index (MII) and the Marissa Characteristics Questionnaire by Chrisma Rosen-Grandon (1998). The results showed that the direct effect of marital characteristics on positive marital outcomes was 0.395 and also the indirect effect of this variable on positive marital outcomes through emotional expression and sexual intimacy variables was 0.149 and 0.167, respectively, which was at the 95th level of confidence. Percentages are significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between independent variables with mediating and dependent variables of research. Thus, emotional expression and sexual intimacy act as mediators of the relationship between positive marital outcomes based on marital characteristics, and in marital interventions, family counselors can be the target of therapy.

Although the literature discusses the benefits of good sleep on physiological, psychological, and physical health, poor sleep quality is common among healthcare providers. The present study aimed to predict poor sleep quality among healthcare providers based on multiple risk factors (aggression, gender, and age) and the protective factor of self-regulation using a neural network model.

Using multistage cluster sampling, a group of 400 healthcare workers (70% female, with an age average of 32 years) from Kermanshah city in western Iran were selected for the cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ). A neural network model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for data analysis.

Four hidden units were found in a single hidden layer extracted using the current model. More than 84% of the training and testing models accurately predicted good and poor sleepers. The neural network model's good predictive value was indicated by the Area under the ROC Curve (AUC=0.863). The results imply that self-regulation (0.30), anger (0.20), physical aggression (0.19), verbal aggression (0.11), hostility (0.10), age (0.06), and sex (0.05) have normalized importance values ranging from 18% to 100%, making them significant predictors of both the good and poor sleep subgroups.

The present neural network-based algorithm, which considers the risk and protective factors of poor sleep quality, could be effectively used by healthcare providers.

Sleep problems and aggression are common among healthcare workers due to shift work and constant interaction with patients and their relatives. The present study examined the associations between sleep problems, self-regulation, and interpersonal aggression among healthcare workers.

In this cross-sectional study, 400 healthcare workers were selected from four state-run hospitals in Kermanshah City, Iran, using a multi-stage random sampling between March 2021 and March 2022. The sample size was selected using the N>50+8m standard formula. The participants completed several standard scales, including the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, the Berlin questionnaire, the insomnia severity index, the self-regulation questionnaire, and the Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation, hierarchical multiple regression techniques, and standardized z scores.

The Mean±SD age of the participants was 32.5±8.8 years and 70% were female. All sleep problems, including poor sleep quality, sleep apnea, and insomnia severity, are significantly related to the total score of interpersonal aggression and all its subfactors (P<0.001). The results showed that adding self-regulation to sleep problems to predict aggression greatly reduces the effect of sleep problems, especially the insomnia severity (P<0.001).

The results showed that self-regulation is not only a protective factor for aggression but also indirectly protects against aggression by controlling the severity of insomnia. Because both sleep problems and self-dysregulation are modifiable risk factors for interpersonal aggression, psychological interventions can target these risk factors.

The diagnosis of cancer causes considerable suffering and anxiety for the patient. It threatens the meaning of the patient's life, which leads to a sense of collapse, so it is necessary to meet the psychological needs of the cancer patient. Meeting the spiritual needs of cancer patients plays a role in accelerating recovery and achieving spiritual well-being. Recently, along with common physical treatments, spiritual therapy has attracted the attention of doctors, and also paying attention to spirituality in life can help to improve the mental health of cancer patients in the difficult conditions of the disease and to accept the disease as a psychological support. By the patient and to be effective in improving psychological disorders and this treatment method is recommended as an effective intervention in improving psychological problems. Many studies report religion and spirituality as complementary treatments for cancer patients. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two approaches of group spirituality therapy with therapy based on acceptance and commitment to increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients in Kermanshah City. Group therapies, including spiritual therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment, which are part of the third wave of cognitive behavioral therapy, can have positive and significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of cancer patients. Considering the different areas of human life and the effects of religion on mental and physical health, including health and treatment, it is important because it has a prominent and indelible role in human life. Therefore, the knowledge of the effectiveness of group spirituality treatment methods can be used by experts in treating many disorders and increasing cancer patients' life expectancy and happiness. Paying attention to the research background shows that so far no research has been done in comparing the effectiveness of two approaches of group spirituality therapy with treatment based on acceptance and commitment to increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients. The lack of research findings in this field prompted researchers to compare these two treatments in terms of increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients. Therefore, how much is the effectiveness of group spirituality therapy compared to treatment based on acceptance and commitment in a group way on acceptance and commitment on increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients?

The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all cancer patients referred to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah. The sampling method was available (with the approval of a specialist doctor undergoing chemotherapy). They were divided into three groups of 15 people, including two experimental groups and one control group. Eight 45-minute spiritual therapy sessions were given to the first experimental group and eight 45-minute training sessions based on acceptance and commitment therapy were presented to the second experimental group. Schneider et al.'s (1991) life expectancy scale and Schneider et al.'s (1991) happiness scale were used to collect data.

The results showed that spiritual therapy is effective in increasing life expectancy and happiness, and treatment based on acceptance and commitment is effective in increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients.

The main goal of this research is to find a better treatment among the existing treatments. The results of the research showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of spiritual therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment to life expectancy and happiness. According to the previous interpretations, the positive effect of both treatments on the variables of life expectancy and quality of life has been proven, and there is no debate there, but according to the findings of the research and considering the native context of the province and the variety of existing religions, spiritual therapy has been able to have a greater effect. Accepting a cancer diagnosis and its treatment is often considered a psychological and spiritual transition that can lead to the restructuring of values and can reflect how patients evaluate their lives and their sense of happiness. Therefore, it is important to assess happiness in cancer patients and look for ways to promote it, that is, by providing support during treatment or encouraging the development of positive characteristics unrelated to the disease or its treatment. Religious beliefs may influence physiological responses such as sensitivity to pain. In addition, prayer may trigger a mechanism called the relaxation response, in which physiological phenomena occur when a person reaches a state of relaxation. Prayers and other rituals are often performed as a repetitive practice. Repetition of this action can cause physiological responses, for example, lowering metabolism and heart rate, causing relaxation and relaxation, and improving well-being and quality of life. Spirituality has different interpretations in every religion and nation, but what they have in common is the existence of God and adherence to moral principles - a belief that can cut through the strings of despair like a winning sword and overcome dark and painful days. Open a new door for people. Men usually respond positively to psychological treatments, especially spiritual treatments, due to their busy work schedules and unsophisticated spirits, and the younger the age, the greater the resistance and stubbornness of accepting this type of treatment among men. Is. However, it should be remembered that these strong men have learned the way and customs of spirituality in the arms of their spiritual mothers, and this spirituality has a special place in their unconscious mind, and we can stimulate emotions and remember moments. By using the principles of proximity and similarity, we have been able to achieve valuable results with a young and male group.Also, the results of the research showed that spiritual therapy has a greater effect on increasing life expectancy and happiness among cancer patients than treatment based on acceptance and commitment. Therefore, by performing psychological interventions on time, it is possible to help increase life expectancy and happiness, speed up recovery and reduce the length of hospitalization in the hospital, and ultimately reduce hospital costs in these patients, and change the view of the physical and pay more attention to the dimensions mental state in this group of patients.

The current research aims to present a structural model of anxiety disorders based on COVID-19 anxiety with the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women. This study is applied in terms of its objective, and descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling in terms of its implementation. Data collection methods included both library and field research. In the field research, questionnaires were used to collect necessary data, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-13) questionnaire by Spitzer et al. (2006), the COVID-19 Anxiety questionnaire by Alipour et al. (2019), and Lazarus and Folkman’s (1988) coping strategies. SPSS22 and AMOS software were utilized for data analysis. The results indicated that anxiety disorders can be predicted based on COVID-19 anxiety (p<0.01). Additionally, coping strategies were found to play a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety disorders and COVID-19 anxiety (p<0.01). The study also revealed a significant association between anxiety disorders or COVID-19 anxiety and the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women (p<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that anxiety disorders in pregnant women can be predicted by COVID-19 anxiety with the mediation of coping strategies.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Cancer patients often experience severe stress. Improving or reducing the stress caused by cancer in patients is also possible with different psychological approaches. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of spiritual therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on life expectancy and quality of life of cancer patients.

In this quasi-experimental study involving pre-test and post-test and follow-up by a control group conducted in 2020, we randomly selected 45 cancer patients admitted to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah province, which were divided into three groups: spiritual therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy and control group. After the treatment, we compared them in three groups by SPSS v20 statistical software and covariance test using Quality of Life Questionnaire, Life Expectancy Questionnaire by Schneider.

The mean age of 45 selected patients was 28±14 years (14 females of 18-49 and 31 males of 22-45). 75% of patients were single and 25% were married. A family history of cancer was observed in 14% of patients. There were no significant differences in pre-test (17.04 ±2.35) and post-test (18.19 ± 2.11) scores related to life expectancy in patients in the control group. The results of analysis of covariance showed a significant difference (at the level of p <0.01) between post-test scores in the two experimental groups compared to the control group in terms of quality of life and life expectancy.

Both types of treatments were effective on patients and increased their quality of life and life expectancy. But spiritual therapy had a greater effect on quality of life and life expectancy among cancer patients compared to acceptance and commitment therapy. Therefore, by performing timely spiritual therapy interventions, we can help increase the quality of life and life expectancy of these patients.

The present research is carried out in order to identify the aspects and elements of critical thinking among auditors and present a conceptual model. Critical thinking is an analytical thinking which can guarantee the development of any profession such as Auditing. Here, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods has been used, where the data is qualitative and data collection is through Delphi/survey. Having reviewed the existing literature of critical thinking and application of elite’s opinions, an initial model was designed and after applying the Delphi method in three stages, the ultimate model was approved. The validity and reliability of this model were approved by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's alpha. The number of elites at Delphi stage was 10 of faculty members holding Ph. D, who were also Member of the Society of Certified Auditors and had experience. Besides, at survey phase, 384 accountants were interviewed about the aspects and elements of critical thinking. Based on the results, this model of critical thinking is consisted of 14 main aspects in accordance with priority: open-mindedness, truth-seeking, self-confidence, interpretation, analysis, inquisitiveness, professional judgement, systematicity, analyticity, cognitive maturity, professional uncertainty, self-regulation and also 43 minor elements.

The current research was conducted with the aim of modeling individual, educational and external factors affecting psychological well-being in children with the mediating role of life skills media education.

This research is descriptive in terms of its purpose and is considered a survey study in terms of data collection. To conduct the research, all the factors related to the issue of psychological well-being in children were identified in the literature by relying on the theoretical foundations and the literature, and then, in order to validate the items, the factor loadings of the items were presented. The statistical population of the research was the experts in the field of psychology, who especially had studies in the field of children. Purposeful sampling and snowball method were used to select the participants and finally 20 people were considered as a statistical sample. Data analysis was also done using interpretive structural model.

The findings of the research showed that the factors underlying well-being are divided into three personal, educational and external dimensions, which include factors such as emotional intelligence, personality traits, self-regulation, responsibility, self-efficacy, emotion regulation, perceived social support, mindfulness, communication patterns, stress and anxiety. social for the individual dimension, parent management training, academic performance, positive intelligence training, life skills training and family performance for the educational dimension and finally, parent-child relationship, family cohesion and flexibility, socio-economic status, social networks, parental employment, Internet addiction and computer games have been proposed as external factors affecting children's psychological well-being in the model.

Therefore, it is recommended that families strengthen the spirit of expressing feelings and experiences in their children by increasing their presence in social environments and trusting their children, because this issue strengthens the psychological well-being of children.

Borderline personality disorder is a type of mental health problem, which affects the patient’s way of thinking and feeling about oneself and others and causes problems in daily functioning.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of individual schema therapy, with and without supportive therapy, in alleviating the symptoms of patients with borderline personality disorder.

This empirical semi-experimental study, with a pretest-posttest control group design, was conducted on a statistical population, consisting of all patients with borderline personality disorder, referred to Quds Hospital of Sanandaj, Iran, during 2020-2021. Via convenience sampling, 45 patients were selected and divided into three groups of 15 people. Weaver and Clum’s Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index (1993) was used for data collection. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance and t-test were performed in SPSS Version 22.

The results showed a significant difference in the symptoms of borderline personality disorder between the two groups (P≤0.01). Also, pretest-posttest comparisons indicated that the mean score of borderline personality disorder symptoms decreased by 0.97 in the individual schema therapy group without supportive treatment and by 1.12 in the individual schema therapy group with supportive therapy.

Since there was a significant difference between individual schema therapy, with and without supportive therapy, in alleviating the symptoms of patients with borderline personality disorder, it is recommended to implement individual schema therapy, along with supportive therapy for the treatment of this disorder.

Family as a group is a social unit that is formed based on marriage and marital life. One of the factors affecting the survival, durability, and growth of the family is healthy relationships based on compatibility and understanding between members, especially husband, and wife. The present research was carried out to compare the effectiveness of behavioral and solution-focused couple therapy on marital conflicts, sexual intimacy, marital harmony, and disharmony. The sample population of this research includes all teachers with marital conflicts who referred to two centers of Omid and Peyvand in the 3rd district of Kermanshah city in the first quarter of 2018, who were 128 persons. 60 of these people, as a statistical sample; were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two test groups and one control group including 20 people. Data was collected using the Enrich marital satisfaction scale and the scale of marital harmony and disharmony by (Xu & Lai, 2004). Then the couples of the 2 experimental groups participated in 8 sessions with 1.5 hours of couple’s therapy and solution-focused sessions in groups. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software version 24. The results showed that behavioral couple therapy, compared to solution-focused couple therapy (P≥0.001), is effective to reduce marital conflicts, and increase sexual intimacy, and marital harmony and disharmony. Behavioral couple therapy training programs, whether after the training or during the three-month follow-up period after the training, are effective in resolving conflicts, sexual intimacy, marital harmony, and disharmony of couples; Therefore, it is suggested to marriage counselors simultaneously use behavioral and solution-focused couple therapy in interventions for couples who have chronic marital conflicts and marital intimacy problems.

Marital conflicts are the result of a couple disagreeing about personal goals, motivations, values, or behavioral priorities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the solution-based couple therapy and training of couple communication program (TCCP) on the marital conflict resolution style of women visiting counseling centers.

The present study was a quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all women with conflict (N=240) who were referred to specialized counseling centers for family consolidation in the 19th district of Tehran in 2020. The research sample consisted of 60 people who were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). After performing the pre-test, solution-based couple therapy and TCCP were performed on the experimental groups, but the control group did not receive any treatment. In the end, a post-test was performed on all three groups. The research instrument included a Rahim Couples Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire and data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The significant level was set at 0.05.

The results showed that solution-based couple therapy and TCCP are effective in the marital conflict resolution style of women referring to counseling centers. Also, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of solution-based couple therapy and TCCP on the marital conflict resolution style of women referring to counseling centers (Pvalue=0.025).

solution-based couple therapy and training of couple communication programs can reduce the marital conflict of women referring to counseling centers to an acceptable level.

Corona disease anxiety is one of the factors that threaten the mental health of working women, and it is very important to identify the psychological factors affecting it. This study aimed to investigate the structural relationship between Corona anxiety and cognitive flexibility and evaluate the mediating role of emotion regulation and early maladaptive schemas. The current research is a descriptive correlational study. Statistical population of this study was all the occupied women of Kermanshah city (Iran) in 2022, from which 364 people were selected by cluster random sampling method. The research tools include the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) (Alipour et al., 2018), the short form of the Young Schema Questionnaire (1998) (YSQ-SF), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefsky and Kraaij, 2006) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010). The research data was analyzed using SPSS-25 software. Based on this, the path analysis method was used to analyze the research hypotheses. The evaluation of the proposed model had an acceptable fit. Path analysis identified the relationship between cognitive flexibility and corona anxiety, in addition, the findings indicated that cognitive flexibility is indirectly related to corona anxiety and predicts corona anxiety through the mediation of emotion regulation and early maladaptive schemas. In general, the findings showed that the implementation of interventions related to improving the psychological flexibility of working women by holding training classes and job webinars in the post-Corona era, in order to control and reduce anxiety, prepare and protect this group in possible relapses of infectious diseases is suitable.