morteza alavian

Entering the fifth decade since the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the examination of its various dimensions is still thought-provoking and surprising from different aspects. So that according to the pseudo-modernism actions of the second Pahlavi regime,  in what can be referred to as the problem of path dependence, contexts for dissatisfaction and change were provided in the conflict between the government and society.Thus, the present article tries to answer the main question that how the governance quality of the Pahlavi regime has provided the dissatisfaction of different sections of the people in the integration of the innovation of the ideology of Imam Khomeini and the occurrence of the Iranian Islamic Revolution? The present research, based on the theory of the fourth generation revolution of the Goldstone , has concluded that the innovations emanating from the religious culture of Imam Khomeini's Shia in the form of a deep ideology increased the set of existing alternatives through the Velayat Faqih, and the goals and strategies of different type of the people had been led  in the sequence of events at serious and critical moments towards the change of the political system depending on the path.Iran's Islamic Revolution shows the logic of path-dependent reactive sequence reasoning. As far as possible in this path, three main sequences can be identified, which are: modernization, environmental and cultural. The modernization sequence is considered a primary sequence and contains events that directly harmed the interests, values ​​and culture of the society.The environmental sequence has been set up by the inherent characteristics of the Iranian people, such as independence, people's participation in elections, and freedom. These conditions were necessary for the strong reliance of different strata of people on an ideological innovation invented by Imam Khomeini.The cultural sequence has been determined by strengthening the propositions of the invented ideology, such as the priority of the people over the government, Islamic freedom, the necessity of religion's involvement in politics, emphasis on ijtihad according to the requirements of time and place, and finally the Islamic state.

The victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1979 under the leadership of Imam Khomeini led to the formation of a new value system in Iranian society. Extensive changes were made at the level of political elites, social structures and relations between people in the society and caused the transformation of Iran's political culture. The main question of the article is this: "How has the Islamic Revolution affected the political culture of Iran in the period from 1979 to 1989?". The conformity of the norms and values of the political elites and the people had greatly increased the legitimacy of the political system. Public and political participation of the people in supporting the political system expanded. Participation had a mass form, but from the perspective of political culture, people believed that they had the ability to influence the political process. The emphasis of this article is that the social and political behavior of Iranians after the revolution was influenced by Shia teachings. Shia elements, concepts and symbols were reproduced at the level of the society with the occurrence of the Islamic revolution and caused the expansion of the "meme" of solidarity, cooperation and the rule of "non-monetary relationships" in the network of social relations, and the positive function of religion in the social and political structure of Iran was shown. The current research is from the perspective of political sociology with a descriptive-analytical qualitative method and the collection of materials has been done in the library

Pan-Turkism is a political ideology based on race, ethnicity and language that emphasizes the unity and solidarity of the communities of all the speakers of one of the branches of the Turkish language, and based on this idea, it is also considered an irredentist movement that pursues the territorial annexation of said communities to each other. The idea whose achievement will cause the disintegration of several countries, including Iran, and for this reason, it is a serious threat to Iran's national security, existence and territorial integrity. Pan-Turkism is currently in fundamental conflict with the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the South Caucasus region. Considering the special conditions of the South Caucasus and the fact that the majority of its population is Muslim and Shiite, this region has been one of the main regions where the Islamic Republic of Iran has pursued its ideology in it. Therefore, the main question is, How does the ideology of Pan-Turkism threaten the idea of the Islamic revolution? The findings of the research are that Pan-Turkism ideology not only acts as a threat and a barrier to pursue the idea of Islamic revolution in the South Caucasus, but it seems that this ideology has now become a vital threat to the territorial integrity of the country. The research method of this study is descriptive – analytical and library data collection tools. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the Holsti's triple division of foreign policy of countries in achieving their policy objectives

Following the Saudi attack on Yemen in April 2014, the crisis between Riyadh and Sanaa reached its peak. Due to its geopolitical position, sovereignty over the Gulf of Aden, and historical background, Yemen is of great importance in the West Asian region. On the other hand, Iran's relationship with the developments of the last few decades in the region, especially the events of recent years in Yemen, is not an issue that can be hidden, and for this reason, in recent years, the Saudi-Zionist-American axis has made an all-out effort to prevent the realization of the final victory in Yemen. The purpose of this article, which was written with a descriptive-analytical method and used security documents, articles, quarterly magazines and security and political books to gather information, is to examine the various aspects of this crisis and intends to deal with the hypothesis that the effort The Hebrew, Arab, and Western coalition to contain and crush the role of the Yemeni front in the Al-Aqsa storm operation has become an important element in the equations of the current conflict since the announcement of this issue by Abdul Malik al-Houthi, the head of the Ansarullah movement, in rejecting any type of aggression by the Zionist regime against the Palestinian nation, because The Yemeni armed forces have become a major player through the series of operations in the Red Sea and the Bab al-Mandab strait, and this means that not only has the mentioned coalition not been able to weaken the will of the resistance, but it is the resistance that has been able to help in the Al-Aqsa storm operation. The oppressed people of Gaza hurry up.

The importance of analyzing the situation of political violence in society as a component in evaluating the quality of governance has been the attention of scholars. Consequently, a meticulous examination of texts that are considered theoretical references in each culture can significantly contribute to the precise explanation of the ways in which violence can be controlled in accordance with the structure of each society. According to these points, the main goal of the current research was to answer this question: From the point of view of Nahj al-Balaghah, what are the possible ways to control political violence in the form of components related to the concept of relative deprivation and regulation of political violence? Our findings, which were obtained in the form of a descriptive-analytical method, indicate that the most significant approaches to control political violence, as viewed through the lens of Nahj al-Balaghah, include removing the sense of relative deprivation believably and objectively through the equal view of all members of the society, transparency in affairs, fairness, giving priority to demands and demands, paying attention to the needs of the people, the possibility of freedom of expression and staying away from destructive biases, continuous control of the actions and behavior of the military and law enforcement forces and avoiding any encroachment on the vital property of the people through the creation of rules in the path of creating order by the government in society

In the age of various republics and democracies with different suffixes, every state seeks to identify itself with a republic and democratic model concomitant with its attitude toward the universe and human being. The objective of this paper is to understand people’s status in the Islamic political system. The main question of this research is as follows:  On the basis of which approach to the Islamic government one can speak of the people’s pivotal role in the Islamic government? The main question of this research is as follows: Which conception of an Islamic state can be considered a basis for central role of the people in an Islamic government? The hypothesis of this research is: A democratic interpretation of the notion of ‘man as vicegerent of God” (Caliph of God) on the earth can be considered a basis for people`s agency and mutual interaction between the people and the political power. As a result, the exercise of legitimate political power will be linked to the representative structures. This approach considers the Islamic state as a ‘civil state,’ which highlights the interactive, democratic model of the Islamic state vis-à-vis the authoritarian model of the Islamic caliphate. To verify the hypothesis, a conceptual framework has been developed, whose constituent elements are: ‘indirect agency, ‘communicative power’ (canonical-normative), and ‘people-based divine sovereignty’. This paper is an attempt to study the ideas of four contemporary modernist Muslim thinkers, i.e., Muhammad Abduh and Abd al-Rahmanal-Kawakibi (the early generations) and Yusuf al-Qaradawi and Rached al-Ghannouchi (in the late era). Descriptive-analytical method has been employed to analyze the data collected through library research and internet sources.

According to the non-proliferation treaty of nuclear weapons, enjoyment of nuclear energy for the peaceful purposes is the right of the independent countries. But the pursuit and effort of the Republic of Islamic of Iran to gain this right has become the greatest challenge in the foreign policy of this country and clearly a contrast between Iran and the unites States of America and will continue in the indefinite future. The main question is what is the relationship between elites and nation of Iran and America with the formation of the confrontational foreign policy and the disagreement in the nuclear program of Iran? Scientific findings of this research shows, while the main competition between the American presidents is how to curb Iran's nuclear program, Iran's leader's emphasis on promoting nuclear knowledge and the policy of the presidents of Iran is in how to promote it. According to the writers of this research, using James Roseau’s national and international theory is a suitable approach for addressing this subject. They have also tried to provide an appropriate answer to this question using explanatory method, library resource documents and a few statistical resources.

Today's turbulent levels, the management of political, economic and military sectors can be established based on the will of the governments, but the issues of the cultural field are beyond the will of people. Accepted values, religion, worldview, language, literature and common ethnic ties that have dominated the hearts of people for years are not issues that have been achieved over several decades or centuries. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challenges of the diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the relations between Fimabin and the Federal Government of Germany. Therefore, the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on the influence of the meaning and thought of the Islamic Revolution and the influence of the Quranic and Islamic teachings, based on the diplomatic language, which has become a full-fledged discourse by developing and deepening it. The de-escalation and improvement of relations with the West after the period of sacred defense strengthened the relations between Iran and Germany, but the start of the discussion on Iran's nuclear issue in 2003 created a new phase in the relations between the two countries.

Understanding the political attitude of university professors is one of the most important issues for political and social planners and even thinkers who are concerned about reforming the country. The present article, inspired by the political typology of Almond and Verba on political culture, examines the political culture of professors at public universities in Mazandaran province. The main research question is; What is the type and amount of participation of professors of Mazandaran public universities? For this purpose, the survey method and selection of the desired samples have been used in accordance with scientific methods, the results of which can be generalized to all professors of public universities in the province. According to the research findings, which were extracted from 310 samples, the perceptual dimension of professors' political culture is more powerful than the emotional and judgmental dimension. From another perspective, the findings show that participatory culture is more widespread than subordinate and limited culture, and professors want active rather than passive participation in political issues. It therefore demands that political and social planners provide the platform for the realization of free-thinking seats.

One of the main concerns of humanities thinkers throughout history has been to reach a decent governance model. And according to the various threats that governments and people in the society are facing, it is necessary to examine the ideal model of political security in order to achieve competent governance. The field of writing is entered.

In order to analyze the data, the qualitative method, thematic analysis, has been used, and among the different methods of thematic analysis in this article, the theme network method of Atride and Sterling, by which qualitative data is divided, classified, summarized and reconstructed. Used

Based on the results of the research, the number of 8 components was calculated as the components of political security based on the indicators of good governance.

In order to achieve good governance, the politicians and businessmen of the country must consider political security in all their actions, and to achieve good governance, it is necessary to establish political security from the ruler for the people and from the people for the ruler, which is mentioned in the article It has been paid.

Political phenomena, including revolutions, are historical events that, like an organism, have stages of birth, adolescence and gaining experience, youth and strength, maturity and evolution. Iran's Islamic revolution of 1979, as the last link in the chain of revolutions of the 20th century, is in the middle of its fifth decade. This revolution went through its initial decades with many ups and downs and now it is at a critical stage in its history. Perhaps the most important challenge facing the Islamic revolution at this historical juncture is the amazing acceleration of changes and metamorphosis in the world and man. In the upcoming research, the researchers intend to answer this major question while using the descriptive/analytical approach in the framework of the theory of persuasion and cultural diplomacy, that in the new configuration of the world arena, the Islamic revolution will ensure survival, continuity of movement and achievement of its goals in the future perspective. What approach should be taken and which approach can be used to achieve these goals? The findings of the research indicate that the Islamic revolution can have 6 different images for the future by rethinking approaches and persuading public opinion, considering both internal and external levels. These hypothetical images are a function of using three ideological, pragmatic and civic approaches.

One of the main concerns of humanities thinkers throughout history has been to reach a decent governance model. And according to the various threats that governments and people in the society are facing, it is necessary to examine the ideal model of political security in order to achieve competent governance. The field of writing is entered. In order to analyze the data, the qualitative method, thematic analysis, has been used, and among the different methods of thematic analysis in this article, the theme network method of Atride and Sterling, by which qualitative data is divided, classified, summarized and reconstructed. Used Based on the results of the research, the number of 8 components was calculated as the components of political security based on the indicators of good governance. In order to achieve good governance, the politicians and businessmen of the country must consider political security in all their actions, and to achieve good governance, it is necessary to establish political security from the ruler for the people and from the people for the ruler, which is mentioned in the article It has been paid.

The view that education should be in accordance with the ideals and goals of Prebendal state as one of examples of corrupt states is a type of state that in which power elites and government agents demand rights in excess of their rights at the level of the political system. Basically, prebendal state is the product of some factors such as elites’ mental perceptions and the trust and authority-citizenship culture at the cultural level, legitimacy and ideology at the political level, and rentierism and the big state at the economic level. The present article focuses on this main question that what are the consequences of prebendal state in IRAN during the second Pahlavi era? The hypothesis of the article seeks the consequences of such a state at two levels, individual and systemic consequences. The theoretical framework of the article is inspired by Max Weber's views and Richard Joseph's prebendal    state theory. In the analytical model of the article, the prebendal state is as an independent variable and its consequences at the individual and systemic levels are considered as dependent variables. Methodically, the type of research is qualitative and the approach of the article is descriptive –analytical and the research method is based on library –documentary analysis. The findings of the article indicate that the prebendal state will lead to to alienation at the individual level and   at the systemic level it will lead to the emergence of five types of crises such as legitimacy, efficiency, identity, accumulation and hegemony.The emergence and gaining of power in Iran during the second Pahlavi era had two lasting and effective consequences at the individual and systemic levels. At the individual and social level, it can be considered as the most important consequence of alienation, distancing and the emergence of a gap between the people and the elites of the country and finally the separation of the people from the Pahlavi system. The white revolution and agrarian reforms at the level of villages and industrialization, urbanization, modernization at the level of cities along with the weakening of the traditional middle class, administrative modernization, etc. have been the basis for such an outcome.At the system level, the establishment and expansion of the prebendal state in the country and the penetration of all power structures and the unaccountable access to huge oil resources and preventing it from being directed towards development-oriented investment and production provide the basis for the emergence of all kinds of crises in the country. brought including legitimacy crisis, identity crisis, hegemony crisis, accumulation crisis and efficiency crisis which intensified and eventually led to the fall of the Pahlavi regime system.In this article, the consequences of the prebendal state in the second Pahlavi era are analyzed in detail in two separate sections. In the first part, agrarian reforms and physical-identity displacement of villagers are examined as the first step of personal and social alienation. A process that physically led to the expansion of marginalization in big cities, and in terms of identity, it created a disintegration and an identity gap between rural immigrant villagers and urban dwellers. In the continuation of the policy of development, modernization and industrialization of the second Pahlavi regime, its effects and consequences on the alienation of urban people and the destruction of traditional classes in the cities are discovered and explained. In the second part, the consequences of gaining power and expansion of the prebendal state in the country and exclusive access to huge oil resources and preventing it from flowing towards development-oriented investment are examined in order to identify the causes of various crises in the country, crises that lead to the downfall of the regime. Pahlavi ended.The aim of this article is the examination of the consequences, results and effects of the prevalence of prebendalism in the second Pahlavi period, which crystallized on two individual levels - social and systemic - the political system. We have shown how the prebendal policies of land reforms and urban and industrial modernization of the Pahlavi system at the individual-social level led to alienation, distancing and the emergence of a deep gap between the people and the elites of the country and ultimately the separation of the people from the Pahlavi system. Also, based on numerous documents and sources, it was explained that the white revolution and agrarian reforms at the village level and industrialization, urbanization and modernization in the cities along with the weakening of the traditional middle class, a deep rupture between the rural and urban classes with the second Pahlavi regime and the prebendal elites. The ruler created it, which eventually led to the uprising of the rural dwellers along with the city dwellers against the system and the rulers of the second Pahlavi era.At the level of the political system and system, the establishment and expansion of the prebendal state in the country and the penetration of all the power structures and the unaccountable access to huge oil resources and preventing it from being directed towards development-oriented investment and production will cause all kinds of crises. provided in the country. Among them, the legitimacy crisis, identity crisis, hegemony crisis, accumulation crisis and efficiency crisis which intensified during this period and ultimately led to the fall of the Pahlavi regime and the destruction of prebendalism in Iran. By marginalizing civil parties and groups and sidelining independent politicians, the prebendal system caused the lack of meritocracy and the placing of incompetent people who were dependent on the king at the head of the country's political, administrative and military-security system, which had no result but the reproduction of corruption. Because the agents and corrupt and dependent elites had to accept and continue the current relations for their survival in the pyramid of power. In this situation, the ways of communication and the link between the government institutions and the elites with the people were broken and the vacuum in the relationship between the government and the society caused the regime to not have a correct and accurate understanding of the people's wishes and demands, and as a result, it could not act based on the people's demands. The result of this was the failure to reform the affairs, creating dissatisfaction among the people and turning them to underground, secret, radical and revolutionary activities. In addition, such a situation in relation to government institutions and elites connected with the people caused the political institution to become informal and political and economic relations to be outside the legal framework due to political corruption, which resulted in nothing but the distance of the government from the people and the deepening of the gap between the state and the nation.

In the sociology of knowledge, social determinants play an important role in the awareness of a phenomenon or the understanding of the thoughts and actions of an intellectual.This research relying on Karl Mannheim's sociology of knowledge especially the discussion of social determinants seeks to understand the issue of what social determinants have played an important role in shaping Shariati's thought and practice.Therefore, the question will be what effects have social determinations had in shaping Shariati's thought and practice, and the hypothesis is that social determinations have played a prominent role in shaping Shariati's thought and practice.The purpose of this research is not to introduce and describe Shariati's personality,but rather to show the social origin of Shariati's thought and action.In general,according to the topics raised in the framework of the sociology of knowledge and especially the social determinants considered byKarl Mannheim,it can be said that Shariati's thoughts and actions were not formed in a vacuum,and each of Shariati's theories is related to specific principles, principles and epistemological foundations.and from the practical side, it has been influenced byits social and cultural contexts

The study of the commonalities and differences between the political thought of the Lebanese Hezbollah resistance group and the political thought of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and the dissection of this current and the process of intellectual transformation of one of the most important and prominent Shiite Islamist currents are of special importance for the Iranian Islamic Revolution. Considering the use of the historical-comparative method that was done in this article, it sought to answer the question of what are the commonalities and differences between the political thought of Hezbollah in Lebanon Islamic Revolution in Iran? We have analyzed the commonalities and differences between the political thought of the Islamic Revolution Iran and the Lebanese Hezbollah movement based a comparison of its thirteen salient features. The findings of the study also indicate that the Islamic Revolution of Iran and Hezbollah in Lebanon have a lot in common in terms of ideology and beliefs, and only in the establishment Islamic government, the leaders of the Hezbollah movement, taking into account the specific circumstances of Lebanon and different cultures and religions.

Every revolution has more or less regional and international effects and presents a message to create its strategic depth. The Iranian revolution also has this characteristic and is considered as one of the important events in the 20th century as a revival of Islamic thought and political Islam. The purpose of writing this article is to find the cause of the limited reflection of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan based on the diffusion theory and using the descriptive-analytical method and the library method to collect information. Therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to answer this question by applying Hagerstrand's diffusion theory, why the reflection of the Islamic Revolution of Iran was limited in the Islamic country of Pakistan? The proposed hypothesis is that the reason for the problems, such as the existence of different views on the issue of the revolution and the empowerment of the military in the source and destination of the broadcast, i.e. Iran and Pakistan, has prevented the spread of the thoughts and ideas of the revolution. The findings of this article is that due to the problems that existed in the beginning of the Islamic revolution in the two countries, the Islamic Republic has gradually abandoned the policy of exporting the revolution to Pakistan and has moved towards expanding economic relations with this country.

Good governance is a successful model for public institutions, and the efficiency of the political system is one of its characteristics, which includes the interaction of public institutions related to the affairs of citizens. The existence of corruption disrupts this interaction and the inefficiency of the political system and is a serious obstacle to development, democracy and good governance. In this regard, the main question of the present study is what are the main obstacles to the realization of good governance in the fight against corruption in the city of Galikesh? . The research methodology is based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The required data were collected through field research and completing a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software and evaluation of variables using Likert scale based on Friedman test. The statistical population included employees of government departments in Galikesh city, which was completed with a sample size of 103 questionnaires. Findings indicate that the variables of accountability with a score of 1.83, participation with a score of 2.53, rule of law with a score of 2.63, transparency with a score of 3.00 are in the last place and 76% of employees believe in good governance in Galikesh. It is not in a good position and to address it, accountability, participation, the rule of law and transparency must be prioritized, respectively. In other words, by strengthening the civil society dimension, a new paradigm in the fight against corruption can be achieved.

Examining and analyzing the political thought of influential people in revolutions can help to create a comprehensive understanding of the nature and foundations of revolutions and how they deal with basic concepts. Therefore, in this study, we sought to answer the basic question: What is the place of the concept of citizenship in the political thought of Shahid Beheshti and to which components has he paid more attention?Our findings obtained using descriptive-analytical method showed that in the political thought of Shahid Beheshti, the concept of citizenship had a special place; In fact, in his view of civil, social and political rights, the emphasis is on: 1) the need for the political system to respect individual and social freedoms and to avoid tyranny and balance this effort with the sensitivity of the political system to independence and Fight against colonialism; 2) the perception of the concept of "Velayat" as a social link and also his interpretation of the sanctity of usury to create economic prosperity of citizens and 3) the choice, consent and desire of citizens as the only source of legitimacy for the ruling power in the Islamic system and women's rights for candidates Has been in the presidential election.

Governments in water-based civilizations have been stronger than society due to organizational consolidation, and water and its consumption have caused water to play its essential role in shaping the socio-political relations of nations and human societies. Therefore, the main question of the research is what are the requirement of state and society interaction in Iran water governance? Findings of the research based on descriptive-analytical method show that the state in Iran due to its ability to penetrate, the ability to regulate social relations and resource allocation has made it stronger than society. Factors that strengthen the state in Iran in the field of water are: port transfer, licensing, water treatment, structural policy, pricing policy, obtaining permits for diversions, increasing population and raising living standards, agricultural and industrial growth, resolving disputes between water applicants, creating economic and socio-cultural incentives. To change water management, we need to change the behavior of state and society in the form of water governance. The strategic implication that should be considered in the interaction of the state and society in the water governance include: Sustainable Behavior Change, National Dialogue, Institutionalization and Creation Efficient and Effective Structure, holistic thinking, attention to the historical and cultural background, social learning, referential of the water governance.

Transparency, as one of the new concepts in the last century, has attracted the attention of many scientists as one of the indicators of good governance. In Islamic researches, there have been many researches about matching the characteristics of good governance with Islamic thought. This research with the topic of "the place of transparency in good governance in Alevi thought" examines and applies the component of transparency in the governance and thought of Imam Ali (a.s.). This research has put Nahj al-Balagha as the basis for the study of Alawite thought and aims to answer the question of what place transparency has in Alawite thought and governance. For this research, thematic analysis method has been used as one of the most widely used data analysis methods. After studying and investigating, transparency in Alevi thought was divided into two sections: "The content of transparency in Alevi thought and governance" and "Necessities of transparency in Alevi thought and governance" and the results of the research show that in Alevi thought and governance Transparency has been at the highest possible levels and it has been explicitly mentioned.

Transparency as an important component of good governance, in short, is any action taken by the government to inform the people of their decisions and to provide the necessary information for their lives. This concept has been considered by various scholars, some of whom try to confirm and expand this concept in the thought of Islam and Islamic thinkers. This article seeks to answer the question of what place transparency has in soft power in proper governance in Imam Khomeini's thought.For this research, the content network method, one of the content analysis methods, has been used as one of the most widely used data analysis methods. In this method, the basic themes related to transparency in the research source are collected and the related basic themes are categorized under the organizing themes and the related organizing themes are integrated under the comprehensive themes.After studying, transparency in Imam Khomeini's thought was divided into two comprehensive themes: "The content of transparency in Imam Khomeini's thought" and "Transparency requirements in Imam Khomeini's thought" and the results were obtained. Research shows that in Imam Khomeini's thought, in accordance with Alawite thought, transparency in the sense has been associated with his rule and accepted and emphasized by him, although the name of "transparency" in the system of literature and His words do not exist.

Paradigms contain a special view of human beings, defining the correct forms of social relations influencing the world and people, and determining the direction of social development of societies and the specific "way of seeing" the world. Good urban governance has emerged as a political paradigm in the living world today and has provided this way of seeing. Due to the increasing trend of urban population, the Islamic Republic of Iran also faces obstacles to the application of this paradigm. The main question of research addresses the obstacles to the realization of the paradigm of good urban governance in Iran. Using grounded theory through in-depth interviews with 37 elites in Iran selected through purposeful sampling, a paradigm model of obstacles to the realization of good urban governance was identified. 280 basic concepts, 102 subcategories, 21 main categories and one core category were obtained. Obstacles to the urban governance paradigm in Iran can be expressed in three categories: institutional, idea and actors. The institutional category includes absolute government, parochical political culture, particularism, weak urban management, weak civil society, rentier state, reduction of government revenues due to sanctions, heterogeneous influence government, political opportunity structure, politicization, weak laws. The category of ideas includes identity deficiencies, weak a priori state-nation interaction, ideological discourse of sovereignty, lack of urban referential, centralized governance, neo-value orientation, the rule of tradition over Iranian society. The category of actors includes limited actors, coalition building opportunities, irresponsible citizen.

Introduction :

 One of the important areas of urban governance is urban policy-making. Due to the increasing population and urbanization, attention to the issue of urban governance as the basis of urban policy-making and urban planning has doubled. For this purpose, there must be a clear understanding of the referentials, through which with policy-making and planning for urban people can be proceeded. Determining this big picture in the Islamic Republic of Iran causes a coherent plan in cities and avoids daily decisions, thus creating competitive, cohesive, and accountable cities. The urbanization trend in Iran is increasing in a way that its urban population has increased from 54.3 to 74% from 1986 to 2016. Therefore, in the present study, the various themes existing in the 6 development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran were examined, along with the growth of population, to become more familiar with the resulting changes in the policy-makers’ mindset. Urban policy-making is a branch of public policy-making knowledge, which enables urban policymakers to become aware of policy-making and its network in urban areas.

Analysis of themes provides data reduction, through which qualitative data are segmented, classified, summarized, and reconstructed. In the current research, the theme position model was used in the theme network. This method has the 3 levels of basic themes, organizing themes, and global themes.

Discussion of Results & Conclusions  :  

In the summary of the existing development programs in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the aspects of efficiency, decentralization, equality, transparency, accountability, spiritual heritage, health, and security, which were appropriate to the specific culture and conditions in Iran, could be seen. 24 basic themes, including the use of new technologies, culture of productivity, local income, attention to each region, government, downsizing, delegation, strengthening civil society, proper communication with the private sector, poverty reduction, attention to specific groups, attention to women, historical heritage, preservation of prior identity, access to resources, monitoring and evaluation, citizenship rights, citizenship education, effective civil society participation, crime prevention policies, social problems, health policy, food policy, environmental protection, and pollution prevention, were identified. The organizing themes were made of 12 components, including performance promotion, financial independence, subsidiarity, sustainability, attention to minorities, equitable access, preservation of national-religious heritage, transparency, citizen-centered governance, civic participation, human security, and environmental health. The specific referential point in the documents of Islamic development in Iran could be mentioned as follows: the global theme of efficiency focused on the basic theme of productivity, which had the characteristics of attracting specialized manpower, training managers, and work conscience. The global theme of decentralization was the basic theme of attention to each region, in which attention was paid to education and cultural, artistic, and sports services in each region. In the global theme of equality, special attention was paid to the themes of special attention to groups, such as veterans, martyrs' families, education of exceptional children, attention to women, and strengthening family institution. The global theme of preserving and strengthening spiritual heritage referred to features, such as paying attention to celebrities, the infallible Imams’ manners, preservation of Persian scripts and language, and Islamic-Iranian civilization. Finally, the global theme of both security and health focused on social issues, such as eradication of addiction and fighting against it and psychosis and mobilization of all government agencies. In comparison with the international documents and indicators, the special points of Iranian development programs included productivity culture, attention to each region, attention to specific groups and women, preservation of a priori identities, and social problems.

Transparency as one of the emerging concepts in the last century has been considered by many scholars as one of the characteristics of good governance. In Islamic research, a lot of research has been done on the application of the characteristics of good governance with Islamic thought. This study, entitled "The place of transparency in good governance in Ayatollah Khamenei (as)", examines and adapts the component of transparency in the rule and thought of Ayatollah Khamenei (as), based on the study model of good governance in Alavi thought. Deals with the basis of the book Nahj al-Balaghah. This article seeks to answer the question of what place transparency has in the thought and rule of Imam Khomeini. For this research, content analysis method has been used as one of the most widely used data analysis methods. After the study, transparency in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought was divided into two sections: "The content of transparency in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought and rule" and "The requirements for transparency in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought and rule" and The results of the research show that in the thought of Ayatollah Khamenei, transparency has been mentioned and emphasized in the words and manners of the Amir (AS) before it has been proposed by Western centers and thinkers, and in accordance with Alavi thought, Transparency in their thinking and governance is accepted and emphasized. Considering the change of governance tools and the expansion of the concepts of popular participation and public opinion and accountability, as well as the expansion of transparency tools in the present era compared to the era of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS), we can extract more statements under the concept of transparency in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought and rule. (Modzaleh Al-Aali) paid that other researchers can achieve this without a comparative study.

The purpose of the present study is to explain the relation between the Islamic revolution and the Islamic republic. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that the Islamic revolution is a more generic concept than the Islamic republic. The Islamic republic government is a basis for the Islamic revolution but it is not confined to that because revolution is a divine demand that although was substantiated by the Iranian people and the Islamic republic, it is supposed to remain restricted in these structures. Islamic revolution is a right movement that was initiated but if the nation of Iran and the Islamic republic separates from this movement or exits this path it can never totally prevent this movement although it may decrease its speed. On the one hand, Shi’ite instructions of the Islamic revolution are as an insightful source for the Islamic republic, and on the other hand, Islamic republic is the least demanded by the Islamic revolution.