morvarid ahouri

In this paper, the ideas of Heidegger and their impact on the philosophy of public law has been analyzed. The common point between Heidegger's thoughts and the philosophy of public law is their view of human beings, which is based on the existential dignity and human nature of law. In fact, if we are to consider the influence of Heidegger on public law, we must go back to issues related to the inherent dignity of human beings. From Heidegger’s point of view, the roots of the current human crisis lie in the ignorance of human essence. Moreover, the effect of Heidegger's special type of anthropology on the formation of man and his place in society and the legal system should be discussed. This paper attempts to analyze some aspects of this approach on the basic teachings of the philosophy of law. Therefore, we will first discuss the place of man in Heidegger's thoughts and then examine the effect of Heidegger's views on human rights in the philosophy of public law within the framework of concepts such as humanism, human rights, sovereignty in the modern era, freedom, democracy and technology.

The approach of liberal and Marxist thinkers, as the two dominant ideas in the twentieth century on freedom, shows their worldview on the issue of freedom and fundamental rights of individuals. The question is, which theories liberals and Marxists hold on the concept of freedom which was gained based on historical experience over the past century? Also, to what extent, are their views towards individual rights and freedoms of their citizens and recognition of these rights and freedoms in practice different from each other?! In Berlin's view, Liberals conception of freedom is negative as opposed to Marxists which is a positive conception. Having considered the historical experiences and Marxists and liberals’ views in the last century, it seems that what guarantees the free will and constitutional liberties of individuals is the negative conception of freedom while the positive conception of freedom could lead to denial of free will and ultimately tyranny. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to study, compare and determine the status of freedom (especially the common interpretation such as negative freedom and positive freedom) in comparison with the principles and rules governing the two political ideas of liberalism and Marxism.