moshafi mh

Zhumeria majdae Resh. f.& Wendelbo. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant which has long been used in traditional medicine as antispasmodic, antimicrobial, carminative especially in infants and for dysmenorrheal. The therapeutic benefits of medicinal plants are often attributed to their antioxidant properties. The present study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant properties of essential oil and various extracts of Zhumeria majdae Resh. f & Wendelbo. The GC and GC–MS analysis of the essential oil were resulted in the determination of 26 components representing 97.2% of the oil. Linalool (53.28%) and camphor (26.15%) were the main components. The essential oil has exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. The essential oil and methanol extract reduced the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an IC50 of 20.5 ± 1.6 and 26.1 ± 1.5 respectively. In the latter method, the methanol extract and essential oil have shown the most activity with 25.8 and 19.2 mm mean zone of color retention respectively. The amount of the total phenolics was highest in methanol extract (50.1 ± 2.3μg/mg). A positive correlation was observed between the antioxidant activity potential and total phenolic level of the extracts. Results here show that the essential oil and methanol extract of Z. majdae possess antioxidant and antibacterial activity, and could be used as natural preservative in food and /or pharmaceutical industries. The other extracts have exhibited no activity.

In the present work, the bioassay screening of the essential oil and various extracts of two plants including fruits of Heracleum persicum Desf. and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Rosc. have been studied with brine shrimp test. There is only one report about cytotoxicity of H. sphondylium in literature and so H. persicum has been used as second selection. At first essentials oil and various extracts of two plants including petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, ether and aqueous were provided. Then, different concentrations of them were prepared. These fractions were evaluated for toxicity using Brine Shrimp Lethality assay (BSL). Each of fractions was assessed by two methods of disk and solution. Survivors were counted after 24 h. These data were processed in Probit-analysis program to estimate LC50 values (the concentration at which 50% lethality was observed) with 95% confidence intervals for statistically significant comparisons of potencies. In disc method, methanol extract of Z. officinale (LC50=28.3134 µg/ml) showed the most activity in comparison with positive standard of potassium dichromate (LC50=23.2893 µg/ml); but in solution method, essential oil of H. persicum (LC50=0.0071 µl/ml) was the most active fraction in comparison with potassium dichromate (LC50=27.7528 µg/ml). Totally, among tested fractions, essential oil of the H. persicum has been exhibited the most cytotoxicity. The essential oil of H. persicum was analyzed by GC-MS. The major constituents were hexyl butyrate and octyl acetate.

Background and the purpose of the study: In continuation of our research program for new antitubercular agents, some hybrid compounds containing a 5-nitrohetrocyle and 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring havae been synthesized and their antituberculosis activity have been evaluated. QSAR studies were subsequently used to find the structural requirements for activity of this series of compounds. 2-(nitroaryl)-5-(nitrobenzylsulfinyl and sulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives, have been synthesized and evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC27294) in BACTEC 12B medium using a broth micro dilution assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for compounds that demonstrated ≥ 90% growth inhibition in the primary screening. A QSAR study was performed on percentage of inhibition of the corresponding compounds using multiple linear regressions. The predictive ability of the obtained model was verified by cross-validation and chance correlation. The final model showed that the calculated and predicted activities are in good agreement with their observed antituberculosis activities (R (cross-validation) = 0.87). Results and major Results of the biological assay showed that three compounds (8c, 9a, 10b) were antimycobacterial agents showing MIC value of 6.25 µg.ml-1.It was also concluded that all three active compounds belong to nitroimidazoles and sulfonyl compound 9a, was the most active analogue. The results of QSAR study demonstrated that electronic distribution is among the most important determining factors for activity in this series of compounds.

HESA-A is an active natural compound with herbal and marine origin. It contains inorganic, organic and aqueous fractions, and has shown antioxidant, cytotoxic and anticancer effects. In this study, the teratogenic effects of HESA-A in mice have been evaluated. Several doses of HESA-A were administered orally to pregnant mice on days 6 to 14 of gestation. Various parameters in pregnant mice and embryos during and after pregnancy were evaluated and recorded. At the end of pregnancy, embryos were sectioned out and studied for external morphological abnormalities and by specific skeletal staining for skeletal malformations. Weight gain of pregnant mice showed that only the highest dose (800 mg/kg) caused gain retardation. Also, only the highest dose led to reduction of uterus weight, number of viable embryos, and weight and crown-lump length of embryos. Increase in fetal resorption by the highest dose of HESA-A was another important observation. Low and medium doses of HESA-A did not cause any significant external or skeletal abnormalities. However, higher doses caused embryo malformations such as short limbs, spinal abnormalities, dermal cysts, microphtalmia, and cleft palate. According to this study, only high doses of HESA-A, which are many times higher than the usual therapeutic doses, may cause embryonic toxicity. Mechanisms of these abnormalities are not clear and need to be determined.

Povidone Iodine and Cetrimide-c are important and valuable antiseptic compounds that have been used for many years, as disinfectant for wounds, burns, instruments and the environments such as surgical rooms in the hospitals. Recently, bacterial resistances to these antiseptics have been reported in multi-drugs resistance bacteria such as Enterococci, which are important causes of nosocomial infections. This study was done to confirm the antiseptic activity of these agents. In this study 5 isolates of Escherichia coli and 13 isolates of Enterococci being resistant or sensitive to at least 5 antibacterial agents, including vancomycin, isolated from urinary tract infections were used. The concentrations of 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20 and 1:100, of povidon Iodoine, and 1:200 and 1: 500 for cetrimide-c were used. Concentrations of 5 ×107 and 1×107 CFU/ml (Colony Forming Unit) of the bacteria were tested at room temperature in the presence of Povidone-Iodine and Cetrimide-c for 2, 10, 30 minutes. After treatment of the bacteria with antibacterial agents the bacteria were washed three times with phosphate buffer in order to remove the small amounts of antibacterial agents that were present in the inoculums used for bacterial growth. The results shows that in all cases the bacteria which were in contact with the antiseptic agents were unable to grow on solid media, whereas the control bacteria which were not in contact with the antibacterial agents had complete growth on the solid medium. Since resistance to the above mentioned antiseptics were not detected at different concentrations of antibacterial agents and the bacterial suspensions, these agents can still be used in the hospitals and other clinical centers for the disinfection of the skin and contaminated instruments. However continuous monitoring of the antiseptic activity of these compounds is recommended.

In this study antimicrobial effects of Salvia mirzayanii and Salvia atropatana were evaluated against six gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by immersion bioautography, cylinder plate and tube dilution methods separated. In bioautography method, essential oils of Salvia mirzayanii and Salvia atropatana were separated on silicagel TLC plates by toluene-ethyl acetate (93-7). In cylinder plate and tube dilution method, methanolic (80%) and aqua extracts were taken by maceration method. After concentrating the extracts, they were dried, then the 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 and 1.562 mg/ml distilled water solution of the dried were used for searching antimicrobial effects. Essential oil and extract of Salvia mirzayanii against E.coli, S.aureus, K.pneumonia, B.subtilis and P.aeroginosa in different dilutions were effective and essential oil and extract of Salvia atropatana against E.coli, S.aureus, S.epidermidis and B.subtilis were effective too.

Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. They have many clinical uses which are increasing. Quinolones exert antibacterial activity primarily by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase. The inhibition of DNA gyrase by the quinolones are greatly influenced by the nature of the C-7 substituent on the quinolones molecule. Substitution of bulky functional groups is also possible in C-7 position. Furthermore, benzylthio and benzylsulfonyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives have antibacterial activity. Accordingly, a series of N-piperazinyl at C-7 position of standard quinolones structure were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using serial dilution test in solid media. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each derivative was recorded as microgram per milliliter and comparied with ciprofloxacin as standard drug. The results showed that antibacterial activity of these compounds were higher than ciprofloxacin against tested gram positive bacteria (S.aureus, S.epidermidis, B.subtillis), though the potency against tested gram-negative bacteria (E.coli, E.aeruginosa, K.pneumoniae) was significantly less than that of quinolones as control drugs. In some cases there are selective activities against gram-positive bacteria. Meanwhile compounds that have benzylthio-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole attached to the piperazine group at C-7 position of the quinolone molecule had a stronger antibacterial activity as compaired with that of benzylsulfonyl 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole. Furthermore, changing the substitution on the phenyl ring had no significant difference in the spectrum of antibacterial activity.