mousavi

Knowing the future and creating an image of it in the present is one of the duties of managers and policy makers of countries; Creating the desired knowledge should be done with the help of appropriate forecasting and analysis methods. Certainly, the more reliable the above methods are, the more important the analysis and prediction results will be. Analysis and forecasting methods are different. Meanwhile, scenario creation is one of the methods of future study and security analysis, which is the result of many researchers' studies in the analysis of security incidents. Based on scenario building, these researchers tried to understand security events and later they used this method in civilian and economic issues as well. Nowadays, scenario building is one of the important methods in formulating national security strategies. Therefore, considering the importance and necessity of the coordination and coherence of the country's strategic management in the fields of interaction with the Sunnis and its role in the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, under the title of future scenarios of the influence of religious minorities in the national security of J.A., it tries to use a scientific approach while The drawing of the mentioned scenarios will provide a relatively comprehensive view to the decision-makers and decision-makers in the Sunni area
In order to create the necessary preparations for the start of the scenario writing process, first, the scenario writing team consisting of experts in various fields, stakeholders and future researchers, as well as the bank of experts, was formed, and then the issue of scenario writing was explained.At first, the issues and influencing factors in the formation of the future of the Sunnis and its effect on the promotion of the national security of the Islamic Republic are mentioned. These factors have been obtained during the study and review of previous researches and backgrounds, theoretical literature, as well as interviews with experts and a number of key players in different Sunni fields. In the following, these factors have been presented in the form of a questionnaire to experts and specialists in various fields to comment on their influence on the future of Sunnis. By summarizing the opinions and holding a panel of experts, 19 main factors were identified among these factors, which were provided to them separately in the second round of asking for opinions from experts to determine the importance and uncertainty of each. For the second round, it has been tried to get the participation of first-level experts who have a holistic and comprehensive approach to the issue of social messengers in the theoretical field and who are key actors in this field. The results of surveying experts' opinions determined the importance and uncertainty of each of the factors and their ranking, and in another panel, by analyzing the content of these factors, we found two main factors and key uncertainty that form the main framework and structure of the scenarios. By considering two modes for each of these key uncertainties and their intersection, four scenarios are formed, which after forming and evaluating them, have been introduced and written as the main scenarios for the future of Ahl al-Sunni and its effect on improving the national security of the Islamic Republic. According to the results of the conducted research, it seems that the conducted research can be considered as the beginning and the first scientific and practical step to manage the atmosphere of uncertainty in the future of the Sunnis of Iran and its effect on the promotion of national security, which is within the limits of the possibilities and difficulties caused by the limitations. access and has been able to visualize the future of Iran's Sunnis and its effect on improving national security with four scenarios, the summary of the drawn scenarios is as follows:The first scenario, which is the ideal scenario of the thesis, will be implemented when the regional power increases and the concerns and threats to Iran's territorial security in the borders decrease, and the elites and symbols of ethnic, scientific, artistic, sports, etc., Sunni citizens are in favor of national convergence. Currently, the nations and some governments of the neighboring countries emphasize the pivotal role of the Islamic Republic of Iran and declare their sense of security and survival in the win-win game and companionship with the Islamic Revolution of Iran.
The second scenario happens when the extreme and deviant movements of Shia have infiltrated the governing and non-governing structures, including various government institutions and bodies, and the ground has been prepared for the increase in the activity of sects and extremist Shia movements.
The third scenario occurs when the tension between Iran and some reactionary countries, including the United States, on the Persian Gulf has increased. Terrorist groups in the western and eastern borders of the country have put approximate scholars and regime affiliates on their agenda.
The fourth scenario happens when the pressures and cruel sanctions against the Iranian nation have increased, and Shia and Sunni extremist groups have succeeded in creating propaganda and terrorist cells inside the society and have threatened the national security of the Islamic Republic. In this scenario, on the one hand, due to the lack of presence of the elites and close people in the government body, they have established a non-confrontational mechanism between Shiites and Sunnis.
Although the Islamic Republic of Iran is a national society in general, it is a composite society in which there is a lot of diversity, multiplicity and multiplicity. This wide spectrum includes the set of elements that form the ethnic, racial, cultural, linguistic, religious and religious composition of the country. From a religious point of view, Iranian society is a plural society; In the sense that the population structure in Iran is faced with the phenomenon of ethnic and cultural pluralism as well as religious and religious pluralism. In this sense, although the official religion of the country is Islam and the official religion is Shiism, alongside the majority of Shiite Muslims, there are many religious and religious minorities who form a considerable number both in terms of quantity and in terms of the intensity of religious affiliations and tendencies. They have a loyal and helpful following. This issue by itself can be considered as a platform for reducing the acculturation factor and social cohesion of the society; Therefore, it is necessary to maintain solidarity and national unity, vigilance and long-term policies based on the first scenario to properly manage this issue.

Sabalan is a young member of the Sanuzui volcanic assemblages, belonging to the Alborz Magmatic Arc (AMA(. In Sabalan mountain range, a series of volcanic rocks with a combination of andesite, basaltic andesite, rhyodacite and trachyandesite are present. The  texture of these rocks is often porphyritic with microlithic paste, porous porphyritic and sometimes glomeroporphyria, sieve and trachyte. Major minerals include clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and one or more mafic minerals such as hornblende and pyroxene. Secondary minerals include opaque minerals, iddensite, biotite, chlorite and calcite. Investigation of mineral chemistry of basaltic rocks in the region shows that the composition of calcium plagioclase crystals is moderate (An72-93(. Based on temperature–barometric diagrams of plagioclase and amphibole, a temperature of 540 to 750 oC and pressure of 5.30 to 7k have been calculated, which corresponds to the depth of the middle to lower crust. Mineralogical studies and whole rock geochemical analysis show that these rocks formed in a tensile and intercontinental zone.

Ship harmonic motion is an important and practical characteristic in ship design and performance evaluation. The development and optimization of hull-form, ship’s dynamic effects, seakeeping performance, and motion control, all require the motion data that includes wave exciting forces as well as dynamic response of the ship. This paper presents a new approach for time-domain simulation of full-scale ship model with four degrees of freedom based on computational fluid dynamics using unsteady RANS method. The key objective of this paper was the full-scale simulation of ship motion in oblique waves and assessment of time domain forces, moments, and other motion parameters. The David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) 5415 full-scale model has been used for the numerical studies in this paper. The obtained computational results showed good conformation to the results obtained using the strip theory. It is intended to extend this research to subscale test experiments for more definite validation of the results.

Background-Oriented Schlieren (BOS) is a non-intrusive and non-destructive technique for measuring density gradient in transparent media. Given the dependency of the refractive index and density of a medium, its static density field can be determined as a secondary measurand from BOS measurements. For an ideal gas, if the pressure variation is negligible, the static temperature field can be determined as a tertiary measurand. While the BOS technique for far-field measurements has been extensively researched, the implementation of this technique for near-field measurements still needs to be investigated. Near-field BOS is especially important for the measurement and visualization of internal flows, such as turbomachine flows, in which access to flow passage is limited and might be feasible using endoscopes (borescopes). This paper presents the features and challenges of the endoscopic BOS technique and presents methods and solutions for the application of this method in near-field measurements. The features of endoscopic BOS records as well as the comparison of endoscopic BOS and BOS measurements with camera are presented.

So as to simulate rice yield and water use efficiency using AquaCrop and SWAP models, a research study was conducted at Khuzistan Agricultrual Research Station. In this study, three types of cultivation (D1: transplanting, D2: current directs seeding consorted seeding, and D3: dry bed seeding) and rice cultivars (V1: Red-Anbori, V2: Champa, V3: Danial) were considered. Results of MBE (0.36 ton.ha-1), RMSE (0.1.07 ton.ha-1) and NRMSE (0.14 ton.ha-1) showed that AquaCrop had good accuracy for simulation of rice yield. Mentioned statistical criteria for yield simulated by SWAP were 0.54 ton.ha-1, 1.09 ton.ha-1 and 0.15, respectively, which showed a good accuracy for this model. MBE, RMSE and NRMSE values for water use efficiency calculated by AquaCrop were -0.11 kg.m-3, 0.40 kg.m-3 and 0.15, respectively, and by AquaCrop were -0.10 kg.m-3, 0.40 kg.m-3 and 0.15, respectively. Average difference between observed and simulated yield by AquaCrop and SWAP were 0.64 ton.ha-1 and 0.67 ton.ha-1, respectively. Those values for water use efficiency were 0.02 kg.m-3 and 0.025 kg.m-3, respectively. The results revealed that both AquaCrop and SWAP had acceptable accuracy for simulation of different rice cultivars yield and water use efficiency under various cultivation types, however, AquaCrop had a bit better accuracy.

The predatory stink bug, Andrallus spinidens Fabricius, is a common natural enemy in Northern paddy fields of Iran. In the current study, life table parameters and consumption rate of A. spinidens fed on Plodia interpunctella Hübner larvae were determined under laboratory conditions. The evaluations were based on age-stage, two sex life table using TWOSEX and CONSUME-MSChart theories. According to obtained results, the total immature developmental times were 23.39±0.23 and 23.66±0.29 days for male and female, respectively. The adult pre-oviposition period (APOP) and total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) were evaluated to be 7.46±0.21 and 31.07±0.41 day, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T) were 0.136±0.004 day-1, 1.146±0.005 day-1, 188.52±26.61 offspring/individual and 38.54±0.49 day, respectively. The mean predation rate of total nymphal stage of the predator was 21.70±0.80 P. interpunctella larvae. Furthermore, the predation rate for female nymphs was significantly higher than male nymphal stage. Female and male adults of A. spinidens consumed 101.93±5.32 and 96.43±4.8 P. interpunctella larvae, respectively. In addition, the net predation rate (C0) of the total life span for A. spinidens was 104.32±6.22 P. interpunctella larvae per predator. The transformation rate (Qp) showed that A. spinidens consumed 0.55 P. interpunctella larvae to produce one viable egg. According to life table and predation parameters, it seems that the larvae of P. interpunctella might be a suitable intermediate prey for rearing this predator.

The present study aims at investigation of the performance of nanofibrous filter, containing magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles, for bioaerosols removal from the air stream. It synthesizes two types of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/MgO nanofibers via electrospinning technique, and investigates the antibacterial properties of the produced nanofibers through disk diffusion. The air containing staphylococcus epidermidis is introduced into the filter test rig by a nebulizer and air sampling from the microorganisms takes place before and after the filters by means of a cascade impactor with blood agar culture medium, with the filters, themselves, examined at two states of UVC radiation and dark. The mean diameters of PAN/MgO and PAN are 221.38±65.56 nm and 320.25±87.35 nm, respectively, with the mean length of the inhibition zone for these nanofibers calculated as 0 (for PAN) and 2.8 mm (for PAN/MgO). It turns out that the mean percentage of filtration efficiency is higher in case of PAN/MgO than PAN nanofiber filter; however, the former displays higher mean pressure drop than the latter. For both types of nanofibers under UVC radiation, the mean percentage efficiency for bioaerosol removal is higher than in the dark.

River discharge is among the influential factors on the operation of water resources systems and the design of hydraulic structures, such as dams; so the study of it is of great importance. Several effective factors on this non-linear phenomenon have caused the discharge to be assumed as being accidental. According to the basics the chaos theory, the seemingly random and chaotic systems have regular patterns that are predictable. In this research, by using methods of phase space mapping, correlation dimension, largest Lyapunov exponent and Fourier spectrum power, a period covering 43 years of Zayandehrud River discharge (1971-2013) was evaluated and analyzed based on the chaos theory. According to the results, the non-integer value of the correlation dimension for Eskandari and Ghale Shahrokh stations (3.34 and 3.6) showed that there was a chaotic behavior in the upstream of Zayandehrud-Dam Reservoir. On the other hand, in the Tanzimi-Dam station, the correlation dimension curve was ascending with respect to the embedding dimension, showing that the studied time-series in the downstream of Zayandehrud-Dam Reservoir was random. The slope of the Lyapunov exponent curve for Eskandari, Ghale Shahrokh and Tanzimi-Dam stations was 0.0104, 0.017 and 0.0192, respectively, and the prediction horizon in the chaotic stations was 96 and 59 days. The non-periodical feature of time series was studied by using the Fourier spectrum power. The wide bandwidth, besides other indices, showed that river discharge in the upstream stations of Zayandehrud Reservoir was chaotic.

Occurrence of heavy floods in rivers causes a lot of damages and losses. In this research, to highlight the river-training reaches in 10.9 km of Babolrud River, first, using topographic map of the area, the Tin layer was created in GIS software. Then, using the HEC-GeoRAS extension, the main route and cross sections of the river were prepared and introduced to the HEC-RAS model. River discharge with return periods of 2 to 200 years was calculated. Flow analysis in the agricultural and urban areas was performed and the areas which need training measures such as flood-retaining walls and levees were specified and designed. The structural design, stability control and sliding was performed based on the Standard No. 518, using RetainWall software, and design and control of levee stability was performed based on the Standard No. 214, using GeoStudio software. The cost of project implementation was estimated based on the Price List of 2017. The output of HEC-RAS software showed that height of flood-retaining wall in 3 urban reaches ranged between 1.73 to 2.8 m and in 5 agricultural reaches ranged between 1.46 to 2.25 m. It was concluded that the overall cost of levee implementation is about 9.01 billion Rials, of gravity concrete flood-retaining wall is about 9.26 billion Rials and of concrete cantilever inverted T shape flood-retaining wall is about 10.05 billion Rials. Thus, using flood-retaining levee is the most economical option.

In this research, conjunctive and integrated operation of surface and ground water resources of Behbahan plain (Maroon dam's reservoir and existing wells, respectively) was investigated. Simulation of allocation of water demands in this basin was performed by four scenarios, using WEAP software: 1) current conditions (M1), 2) reference scenario for the next 16 years (M2), 3) land development scenario (M3), and 4) optimal scenario (M4). The optimal scenario was performed with multi-purpose linear programming. Based on the results, drinking water demands was satisfied completely in all scenarios. Under the scenario of current conditions, all agricultural demands, except the traditional rights, supplied more than 50% in the low-flow months. In the reference scenario, water supply for agricultural demands in some months was less than 100% and even in June and July, the water supply for North and South Irrigation networks of Behbehan plain was less than 10%. In the land development scenario, agricultural demands of all irrigation networks, except Ramhormoz network, satisfied more than 90% in all months. The optimal scenario performed better than other scenarios for minimum Maroon River flow and volume of storage in the reservoir. Comparison of the four scenarios in satisfying the environmental needs also revealed that the optimal scenario performed better than the other three scenarios in the spring months. However, it provided less than 100% of water needs in the whole year. Comparison of the four scenarios also showed that the first two scenarios had the highest reliability percent in the Jayzan-Fajr, South Behbahan and North Behbahan Irrigation Networks and traditional water rights. Frequency of storage-time-probability from the storage volume in the optimal scenario also showed that maximum storage lifetime of the lasting storage volume was 558 million m3 (which was equal to half of the volume of Maroon dam’s reservoir) with the highest probability (60%).

In order to study the response of morphology, yield and yield components of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) cultivars to different sowing dates, an experiment was carried out using a split-plot design on the basis of a randomized complete block design with four replications, in Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan, south-west of Iran at 2016-2017. Experimental factors were four sowing dates (11 November, 2 December, 5 January and 3 February) in main plots and five safflower cultivars (Sina, Goldasht, Soffeh, local Esfahan (Kooseh) and Faraman) in sub plots. The analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of sowing date and cultivar was significant on all measured traits except plant height and grain oil percent. The mean comparisons showed that the highest grain yield (3722 kg/ha) and oil yield (837 kg/ha) were produced in sowing date of 11 November by Goldasht cultivar, and the lowest grain yield (351 kg/ha) and oil yield (71 kg/ha) were observed in sowing date of 3 February by Faraman cultivar. The highest amount of measured traits were achieved in the first sowing date (November 11) and  delays in sowing date and, hence, occurrence of a terminal heat stress in flowering and grain filling phase decreased the grain yield and oil yield

In this work, an efficient photocatalyst based on gamma-cyclodextrin-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2/γ-CD NPs) was synthesized and used for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB). The results of FESEM, EDX, TEM, FT-IR, XRD and BET surface area measurement showed that the TiO2 NPs were effectively modified with γ-CD. The photocatalytic properties of the TiO2/γ-CD NPs were evaluated by the degradation of some organic dyes in aqueous solution under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. The experimental results confirmed that the TiO2/γ-CD had exhibited efficient photocatalytic activities higher than that of the pure TiO2 in the degradation of investigated dyes. The γ-CD could increase the lifetime of the excited states of the unreactive guests and facilitate electron transfer from the excited dye to TiO2 conduction band. The results indicated that the first-order kinetic model well describes the degradation of the dyes by TiO2/γ-CD NPs. the photocatalytic reaction rate constants for RhB, MO and MB dyes in the presence of TiO2/γ-CD NPs were 4, 5.6 and 4.2 times higher than that of pure TiO2, respectively. In addition, the TiO2/γ-CD NPs can be used for several times in real application as an effective photocatalyst.

In the investigation, the vibrations of a rotating functionally graded cylindrical shell under axial and internal pressure with ring and stringer stiffened and simply supported boundary condition based on Love’s shell theory is studied. The material properties of the rotating functionally graded (FG) cylindrical shell vary continuously across the thickness according to the power law distribution. In this study considers functionally graded material composed of Nickel and stainless steel, in which FG cylindrical shell has Nickel on its inner surface and stainless steel on its outer surface. The governing equations of cylindrical shell are derived using Hamilton’s principle and energy method and the effect of various parameters such as angular speed, ring and stringer stiffened, axial load, internal pressure and functionally graded material is investigated. The validity of the results by comparing them with the results in previous research is investigated, in which there is very good agreement between the results of the present work and previous studies.

High-technology projects are known as tools that help achieving productive forces through scientific and technological knowledge. These knowledge-based projects are associated with high levels of risks and returns. The process of high-technology project and project portfolio selection has technical complexities and uncertainties. This paper presents a novel two-parted method of high-technology project portfolio selection. In the first part, a new decision-making model under Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) uncertainty is introduced that is last aggregation and avoids defuzzification until the last step of the process. In the last step, a new PFS ranking method is used to make crisp and comparable values. Outcomes from this part form the objective function of a new integer programming (IP) of the project portfolio selection. To display the model’s application, data from a real case study of high-technology project evaluation and selection is presented, and the steps of the approach are illustrated in addition to presenting the efficacy of the model.

In this research, by using FLOW3D, the performance of non-linear (arced) piano key (PKW-NL) in plan and linear piano key weir (PKW-L), with equal length of weir, was compared. Results showed that nonlinearity of the weir caused 20% increase in the discharge coefficient. Investigating the velocity contours for these two weir models also showed that maximum velocity within the PKW-NL weir structure is about 30% lower than the PKW-L weir. Also, the performance of non-linear piano key weir was evaluated under inward (PKW-IC) and outward (PKW-OC) curvatures to the channel. Results showed that in the case of PKW-IC weir, the discharge coefficient was increased by 8% as compared to the PKW-OC weir. Investigating the pressure contours for these two weir models also shows that the average pressure within the PKW-IC weir structure is about 5% higher than the PKW-OC weir. This increase in pressure leads to a decrease in the speed and better distribution of flow over the weir keys.

Obesity is one of the major health problems in the developed and developing countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in preschool children in Rafsanjan.

In this cross-sectional study, the status of obesity, overweight, normality, weight loss and severe weight loss in 1292 pre-school children was investigated in 2018. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and one-way ANOVA.

Of the total number of children, who were examined, 91 children (7.0%) were very thin, 248 children (19.2%) thin, 750 children (58.0%) normal, 108 children (8.4%) overweight and 85 children (7.4%) obese. The results also showed no statistically significant association between gender and the state of obesity and weight loss in the children (p=0.303).

Considering the relatively high prevalence of obesity and overweight, it seems necessary to examine the causes and take action to prevent it.

Ever-increasing growth and development of urbanization and rapid land-based changes have increased necessity of continuous checking of these changes for urban and environmental planning. Classification of remote sensing high resolution images can be the most effective way to achieve this goal. The classification of these images has always been challenged due to similarities between different classes and differences through one class. Dense classification, also known as semantic segmentation, is also one of the open issues in remote sensing domain. The existence of these kinds of challenges reminds the need for precise methods for classifying images. Deep learning, because of ability to extract deep and powerful features and compatible potential with images, has been known as a good choice in this domain. In this article, in order to cope with the challenges, a convolutional neural networks method based on deep learning is presented for classifying images. The reason for this choice is using deep and comprehensive features by the mentioned method. These features are captured in a supervised manner. In deep learning methods, on the other hand, there is an underlying need for training data and Because of restriction of data in remote sensing, it has been tried to ensure that the number of training samples used in the project is adequate. In this paper, the underlying goal is determination of CNN structure based on deep networks for effective classifying of aerial imagery with high spatial resolution. For this purpose, First, a deep network is designed to extract the deep and optimal features of the aerial image. Architecture and configuration of the deep network are defined in this step. Then, to evaluate the impact of different dimensions of neighborhoods on producing optimal deep features, feature extraction in image patches with different dimensions has been investigated. These patches have been used for train network. After training network with Patches in different sizes, Finally, in order to investigate the classification ability of the deep learning method, in a different approach, a support vector machine has been used for classification based on the deep features produced by the CNN. Comparison of the classification results shows almost same results in the deep learning method in comparison with the conventional support vector machine model, in the same conditions to using deep features. To evaluate the method, aerial data with a spatial resolution of one meter in Des moines area in USA and other data from Royan district in Mazandaran province have been used. Finally, the results of the evaluations show improvement in all three criteria including precision, recall and f1-score in the condition of using larger patches. Also, in general, using of deep learning methods as feature extractor and classifying these deep features by the support vector machine has a bit better evaluation results than feature extraction and classification by CNN.

This study aimed at evaluating the regional and countrywide impacts of wheat support price regimes, using spatial price equilibrium model. The study results showed that increasing support price from 10 to 50 percent in five scenarios would lead to the increase in supply quantity by 1.68-8.1 percent and producer welfare by 109-555 percent as well as an increase in government outlay by 18-88 percent; in addition, these policies would decrease social welfare in the range of 51 to 228 percent, indicating the inefficiency of this policy approach. Also, the results revealed that provincial markets had different reactions to these policies in their mean prices, quantities and welfare changes. Therefore, adopting the same guaranteed price policies for wheat would not have suitable supportive effects across regions and the unique support price among provinces would be inefficient, rather these policies should be imposed relative to regional production elasticity’s.

Beams are the basic geometries in engineering and many engineering issues are simplified as a beam problem. In this paper, the dynamics and vibration analysis of composite Timoshenko beam made of epoxy graphite layers with two piezoelectric layers on both sides have been investigated. Extraction of motion equations has been conducted based on the first-order shear deformation beam theory using the Hamilton principle. The partial differential equations were converted to the first-order coupled differential equations and then they were solved by fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The effect of piezoelectric parameters on the vibrational and dynamic response of the beam has been investigated. The results show that the natural frequency of the beam decreases with increasing the length of the neam. Among piezoelectric parameters, the parameter of C11 has a lower effect than the effective transverse coefficient of e31 in the frequency response. As the ratio of the length of the beam is lower than the thickness, the effect of C11 will be greater on the natural frequency. The effect of the other piezoelectric parameters in the frequency response has also been evaluated very small relative to these two parameters.

Appendicularians are the most important group among zooplankton communities, widely distributed in all the oceans and they are considered as one of the most important sources of productivity and food supplies for secondary consumers. So this study aimed to identify, introduce and assess the temporal and spatial variations of the Appendicularians in the Persian Gulf, restricted to coastal waters of northern part of Bushehr. Appendicularians were collected during seven sampling programs, from Frake river-estuary, three sites of large creek-estuary of the Shif, one site in the sea, and one site in the Lashkari creek-estuary, at middle and last day of each season, midsummer of 2016 to spring of 2017. During all surveys, depth of the sampling location, Secchi depth, water temperature, pH, and salinity were measured. Finally, 4 species were identified, Oikopleura dioica, Oikopleura longicauda Appendicularia sicula and Fritillaria sp. The highest total density was observed in the sea station at March, with dominance of O. dioica and a relative abundance of 80%, relative abundance of O. longicauda, A. sicula and Fritillaria sp. were calculated 18.9%, 1.06% and 0.04% respectively, so Fritillaria sp were introduced as rare species. Two species of O. dioica and O. longicauda demonstrated completely different spatial and temporal distribution pattern, and based on dbRDA (distance based Redundancy Analysis), transparency explains effectively the distribution pattern of O. longicauda, and also depth and salinity are the most important factors which explain the distribution pattern of O. dioica and temperature was correlated factor with abundances of A. sicula, in our study area.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have affected all sectors including the agricultural sector. ICTs play an essential role in sharing knowledge and information and networking among different actors of the agricultural sector. Agricultural researchers, as the main actors of generating and developing knowledge and technology, need to use the unique capacities of ICTs. The current situation of access to ICTs and the extent and skill of agricultural researchers in using ICTs need to be evaluated to take advantage of this capacity. In this study, 141 researchers from six agricultural research institutes of Iran were selected by multi-stage random sampling method to survey their access, purpose, skill, and extent of using ICTs. The findings indicated that researchers had access to the main ICT tools such as computers and the Internet. Researchers mainly used ICTs for information acquisition, chatting and sending messages, and finding educational materials and resources. Most of the researchers use e-mails, search engines, and social networks every day. The primary skills of most researchers were good at working with computers. Job experience and skill in using ICTs explained 46.7% of the variance of using ICTs.

Recently, literature around the theme of collaborative management research has grown considerably. According to the definition of collaborative management research, two components are connected to each other in this context; managers of organizations and academic researchers. In literature, many authors claim that the relationship between these two components could lead to significant advantages for both of them. On the one hand, managers can learn more about new methods of handling complex systems, and on the other hand, researchers can have a chance to recognize new theories and develop their knowledge through this collaboration. Some authors argue that collaborative research not only leads to an increase in knowledge production, but also encourages knowledge sharing among the participating researchers. Therefore, knowledge production is an important issue in collaborative management research. In literature, many authors claim that the quality of knowledge production through collaborative research is higher than in non-collaborative cases. With the view of making collaborative management research more valuable, knowledge production could play an important role in three issues related to enriching collaborative management research; namely rigor, reflection and relevance. The issue of knowledge production has been a controversial and much disputed subject within the field of collaborative management research. In this paper, some studies are reviewed in order to find out the effect of collaborative management research on knowledge production. Moreover, the pattern of collaboration in knowledge production is also discussed.

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of using poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a partial replacement for fish meal (FM) in the diets for juvenile sobaity. Six iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were formulated to contain graded levels of PBM, at 0 (as control diet), 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55% of FM replacement. Each diet was fed to groups of 20 juvenile sobaity in triplicate 300-L tanks, three times a day to apparent satiation. Survival, feed conversion ratio and efficiency ratio showed that there were no significant differences between fish fed PBM based diets compared to fish fed the reference diet. Growth performance and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the PBM15 and 25 were higher than in other treatments. The somatic indices, biochemical content of whole body and fillet, hematological factors were not significantly affected by the replacement level of FM with PBM, with the exception of serum cholesterol and triglyceride content. The results of the present study indicated that PBM is a suitable replacement for fish meal in juvenile sobaity diet up to 55% substitution.

The cosmopolitan oligochaete worm, Nais elinguis, is common to fresh and brackish water habitats. This species was found while investigating the limnology of two rivers alongside the Iranian coasts and has not been reported in the Iranian freshwater fauna and Caspian Sea before. N. elinguis was collected bimonthly from Cheshmehkileh and Sardabrood estuaries using a Van Veen grab (0.03 m2) and Surber (0.1 m2, 0.2 mm-mesh size) with three replicates from 6 stations from November 2014 through September 2015. The results of temporal distribution showed that the highest and lowest density and biomass of this species were in January (242.2±84.45 ind m-2 and 0.105±0.035 g m-2) and in September (33.35±23.5 ind m-2 and 0.010±0.006 g m-2) respectively which were significantly different (p<0.05). Among the sampling stations,  station (S1) within the river with freshwater showed higher density and biomass (273.5±87.35 ind m-2 and 0.116±0.036 g m-2) than riverine brackish station (S2) within the mouth (39.8±22.6 ind m-2 and 0.013±0.006 g m-2) and marine brackish station (S3) (0±0 ind m-2 and 0±0 g m-2) which were significantly different (p<0.05). Density and biomass of this species in Cheshmehkileh River and estuary were more than that in Sardabrood. A significant correlation (p<0.05) between the density and biomass of N. elinguis with environmental variables was found.

Artemisia annua L. is an important medicinal plant used as an original source of artemisinin for treating malaria. Although there is a wide distribution of A. annua in Hyrcanian Areas (Mazandaran, Guilan, and Golestan Provinces in N Iran), no considerable effort has been made for diversity assessment. In this study, morphological, phytochemical, and molecular characterization of A. annua accessions in this area were assessed using 4 quantitative characteristics (height, fresh weight, dry weight, and trichome density), artemisinin content, and 15 ISSR primers. Using these traits, a high level of morphological, phytochemical and molecular diversity was revealed among A. annua accessions in the provinces (populations) of Hyrcanian Areas. At inter-population level, the highest value of artemisinin was observed in Mazandaran Province. Moreover, significant correlation between artemisinin content and trichome density was observed that could be useful for indirect selection of artemisinin yield in different accessions of A. annua. In addition, fifteen ISSR primers generated a total number of 222 amplified bands, consisting of 177 and 45 polymorphic and monomorphic loci across the 60 accessions, respectively. These results indicate that ISSR-PCR is a reliable tool for fingerprinting A. annua at the intra-population level. Our results altogether are valid contributions for gene bank management and Artemisia annua breeding programs.