nastaran rezaei

Testicular torsion is a critical urological emergency that can lead to testicular ischemia and significant tissue damage. Citrulline, a supplement known for enhancing cellular metabolism and mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, has been explored for its protective effects against testicular injury resulting from torsion and detorsion in rat models.

This study involved 42 Wistar rats, divided into six groups: Sham, torsion/detorsion (T/D), and four groups receiving varying doses of Citrulline (300, 600, 900 mg/kg) and vitamin E (20 mg/kg). A surgical procedure was performed to induce torsion by rotating the left testicle for 4 hr, followed by reperfusion. Daily oral administration of the supplements continued for one week post-surgery. Assessments included oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, inflammation, pathology, and sperm parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism.

Citrulline administration at doses of 600 and 900 mg/kg significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, it increased glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased protein carbonyl levels at the 900 mg/kg dose. The expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) decreased at 900 mg/ kg, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels dropped at 600 and 900 mg/kg, and the pro-apoptotic factor Bax was reduced at all doses. Sperm analysis showed improved sperm count and motility at the 900 mg/kg dose. Histological examination revealed significant positive effects of Citrulline on testicular tissue.

Citrulline effectively lowers oxidative stress, inflammation, while enhancing sperm quality and pathological outcomes. These results indicate that Citrulline has potential as a therapeutic agent for testicular torsion.

Oligonychus washingtoniae Mushtaq, Kamran & Alatawi, 2022 (Acari: Tetranychidae) is reported for the second time in the world based on new materials from Iran. The ontogenetic changes in leg chaetotaxy and new data of this species is also provided.

In this study, the pests of palms on Kish Island landscape, and the possible damages caused by palm borers and dominant termite species during 2019-2021 were identified. They include: two phytophagous mites, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and Oligonychus washingtoniae Mushtaq et al. (Tetranychidae), three Hemipteren, Parlatoria blanchardi (Targioni Tozzetti) (Diaspididae), Phoenicoccus marlatti Cockerell (Phoenicoccidae) and Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Pseudococcidae), four termite species, Amitermes stephensoni Harris, Microcerotermes brettikeri Chhotani &. Bose, Microcerotermes sp. (Isoptera: Termitidae), and Anacanthotermes vagans (Hagen) (Hodotermitidae) were collected for the first time from Kish Island. The A. stephensoni was the predominant species over the other species. Furthermore, two types of plam borers including, Jebusaea hammerschmidti Reiche (Col.: Cerambycidae) and Oryctes agamemnon matthiesseni Reitter (Col.: Scarabaeidae) were detected on date palm and Washingtonia palm. In this study, O. washingtoniae is reported for the first time from Iran and Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex André) H. Wendl. is reported for the first time as a host of J. hammerschmidti in the world. The study on the activity of borer pests showed that 87% of palm trees on the Island were infested with termites and 38% with wood borer beetles.

Saffron or Crocus sativus is a member of Iridacea which traditionally has been used as flavor and color in foods. Studies indicated that saffron has different pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and apoptosis. Although, numerous in-vitro and in-vivo studies have been done to find the different effects of this herbal drug, however, clinical usage of it is very limited. Since using herbal drugs in treatment of disease is very popular, it should be more attention on the beneficial effects of saffron which lead to clinical usage of it. In this study, to understand more about the beneficial effects of this herbal drug, we reviewed clinical studies which have been done on saffron so far.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are among important gastrointestinal diseases in human and include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Although the prevalence of these diseases in developed countries is high, however, their prevalence is increasing in developing countries such as Iran, too. Treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases at the early stages is very important because of chronic inflammation and its complications on different parts of the body. One of the most important consequences of chronic inflammation is colitis-induced colon cancer. Saffron is a traditionally herbal drug used by people in Asia especially Iran. It has several beneficial effects on the body especially as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. In this paper, we reviewed the effect of crocin on inflammation process especially in inflammatory bowel diseases.

The toxicity of thiamethoxam and pirimicarb on Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) as a parasitoid of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), exposed to residues on glass vials, was investigated under laboratory conditions at 23 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 5 % RH and 16:8 h (L: D). Moreover, in order to find the negative impacts of both insecticides on the efficiency of D. rapae, the functional response of the exposed parasitoids were assessed. The newly emerged parasitoids were exposed to LC25 of the insecticides and distilled water as control. Host densities of 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 and 64 were placed on canola seedlings in a transparent cylindrical container were offered to the treated parasitoids. Type of functional response was determined by means of logistic regression method and the parameters, attack rate (a) and handling time (Th) were calculated by nonlinear regression model using SAS software. The parasitoid exhibited type II functional response in all experiments. Attack rates in control, pirimicarb and thiamethoxam were 0.057 ± 0.01,0.059 ± 0.013 and 0.040 ± 0.01 h-1, and handling times were 1.097 ± 0.1, 1.86 ± 0.02, 2.81 ± 0.296 h,respectively. Maximum rates of parasitism (T/Th) were estimated 21.87, 12.9, 8.53 aphids, respectively. These observations suggest that pirimicarb with less harmful effects is the preferred candidate for controlling the mustard aphid.