nikpour

In this study, Padina Australis brown Alga was used for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution and effect of important parameters such as solution pH, temperature, initial concentration of cadmium ions, contact time and adsorbent dosage on the biosorption process were studied. The maximum adsorption efficiency using this alga is obtained 97.39% in conditions pH, temperature, time, initial concentration of cadmium ions and adsorbent dosage of 6, 50 C, 80 min, 20 mg/L and 6 g/L, respectively. In this research, kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies were also investigated. The results showed that the pseudo second-order kinetic model was used for consideration of kinetic behaviors and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained 7.424 mg/g by Langmuir method. Additionally, the adsorption process was as physical, desired, spontaneous and endothermic.

Walls convergence of stilling basins is one of the ways to improve hydraulic jump to increase tailwater depth and energy dissipation at downstream of spillways of high head dams. On the other hand, occurrence of hydraulic jump in converged sections is accompanied with formation of shock waves. Technically, production and development of the mentioned waves are undesirable due to amplification of mixture of water and air and resulting, disturbance outbreak on occurrence of stable hydraulic jump. Many studies have been conducted on the characteristics of hydraulic jump over gradually expanding cross sections, but comparatively few have been carried out on basins with convergent wall. In this research, occurrence of hydraulic jump in stilling basin with convergent wall was studied using experimental model for three different geometry and initial Froude number equal to 3.17 and 4.46. Experiments were conducted in a flume with a length of 6m, width of 1m and depth of 0.7m. Angels of convergence (7.7º and 19.5º) and type of stilling basins walls (straight and curved) were intended as geometric variables. In all experiments, widths of upstream and downstream channels were considered 80 and 40 cm, respectively (contraction ratio=0.5). The flow discharges were measured by an ultrasonic flow-meter having the accuracy of 0.02 lit/s. Values of instantaneous velocity were measured in 10 vertical sections in centerline of the convergent stilling basins using an electromagnetic 2-D velocity meter having the accuracy of 0.5 cm/s. Maximum height of produced shock waves in the contraction sections and conjugate depths of hydraulic jump were measured by a point gauge having the accuracy of 0.1 mm. The measured values of conjugate depths ratio and energy dissipation were compared with the obtained results of analytical equations presented by Sturm (1985) and Montes and Chanson (1998). The average relative errors of calculation of the mentioned parameters were respectively achieved 9.75% and 17.15%. It should be mentioned that the equations tended to underestimate the conjugate depths ratio and energy dissipation values. The velocity and turbulence intensity profiles were demonstrated and analyzed based on the mean values of instantaneous velocity and minor fluctuation of instantaneous velocity. The effects of convergence angle and curvature of basin wall were investigated on changes trend of the profiles. The results showed that changes of the convergence angle has a considerable impact on the conjugate depths ratio, energy dissipation and length of hydraulic jump. As for a constant Froude number, increasing of the convergence angle to approximately 12º was averagely accompanied with decrease of the conjugate depths ratio and hydraulic jump length to the 34.4% and 35.5%, respectively and increment of the energy dissipation to the 33.2%. It should be mentioned that increasing of the convergence angle caused intensification of the shock waves. Moreover, effects of curvature of basin wall were investigated for an equal convergence angle. As regards it had insignificant impact on improvement of hydraulic jump characteristics and difficulty of its implement, so it is not economical. The obtained results of the present research can be very useful for designer engineers.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of conversation based approach training on theory of mind and meta knowledge of reading . in a quasi experimental design ( pre test post test and fallow up with control group ) , 44 elementary boy students( 24 for first study and 20 for second) was selected through cluster sampling and convenience sampling in order . each participant in each group fill out strange stories , comprehension test and meta comprehension test . In first study 24 students ( mean age of 9 to 10) randomly assign in experimental and control group. Data was analyzed through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). and analysis of gain scores. Result show that in both study children in the experimental group performed significantly better on the ToM task at post-test and follow-up. Furthermore the generalization of training effect on meta knowledge was seen only in 9 to 10 year olds students.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most prevalent inborn error of amino acid metabolism in the world and its incidence rate is increasing in Iran. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of HRM technique as a fast and suitable method in identifying common mutations of phenylalanine hydroxylase gene including IVS10-11G>A and P281L in order to improve the early detection of the disease to prevent the occurrence of it.
In this case-control study, 20 DNA samples including one sample with IVS10-11G>A mutation , one sample with P281L mutation and 18 control samples were extracted from peripheral blood collected in Medical Genetic Center of Isfahan and were genotyped with HRM technique. To validate the mutations, the mutant samples were genotyped using sequencing. Bioinformatic analyses were used for determining structural and functional effects of P281L mutation on the of PAH protein.
FINDINGS: HRM analysis identified IVS10-11G>A and P281L mutations with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and the mutant and normal samples differentiated well in normalized and difference plots. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated instability and pathological effects of PAH protein containing P281L mutation.
HRM is a simple and fast technique detecting the two IVS10-11G>A and P281L mutations with 100% sensitivity and specificity.

Sparse coding is an unsupervised method which learns a set of over-complete bases to represent data such as image and video. Sparse coding has increasing attraction for image classification applications in recent years. But in the cases where we have some similar images from different classes, such as face recognition applications, different images may be classified into the same class, and hence the classification performance may be decreased. In this paper, we propose an Affine Graph Regularized Sparse Coding approach for face recognition problem. Experiments on several well-known face datasets show that the proposed method can significantly improve the face classification accuracy. In addition, some experiments have been done to illustrate the robustness of the proposed method to noise. The results show the superiority of the proposed method in comparison to some other methods in face classification.

This study was carried out to evaluate the level of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb)
concentrations in chiton (Chiton Lamyi, Dupuis,1918) and surface sediments of the
intertidal zone in Bushehr province coastal waters. Ten specimens of chiton and three
samples of sediment per each station were collected in March 2011 and July 2011 at
five stations namely Nayband, Kalat, Rostami, Halileh and Bushehr. The results showed
that the pattern of metal concentrations in sediment, soft tissue and shell were
Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd, Cu>Zn>Cd>Pb and Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd respectively. There was no
significant correlation during both season between metal concentrations in Soft tissue-
Shell, Soft tissue-Sediment and Sell-Sediment (p>0/05). This finding indicates that
heavy metals concentration in chiton was not only influenced by their concentrations in
sediment, and some other factors are involved in metal bioavailability to Chiton lamyi.
Metal concentrations in sediments were only above LAL level but lower than the other
standard levels of heavy metals. So it seems that the studied stations are clean and not
polluted with metal pollutants. Comparing concentration of heavy metals in soft tissue
with some of the international standards showed that the concentration of Cu and Cd in
soft tissue were above the permissible limits. So chiton may be dangerous for marine
animals that feed on it. Chitons might use their shell for sequestration of a part of the
up-taken cadmium.

The necessity of being regular in plan and elevation of concrete tunnel form buildings in spite of accelerating the manufacturing process and high quality assurance, following several limitations in architectural design and puts limits on the application of this system in areas where there is no possibility of symmetrical construction. Loss of R-factor in the current earthquake regulations is a major challenge in design of these structures. In this study, the seismic behavior of two-tunnel form structures with 5 and 10 stories with irregular floor plans is investigated and the demand/ capacity behavior factor, based on seismic demand and capacity of structure have been calculated respectively. The most distinctive feature of this study is multi-level definition of the behavior factors and their extraction with respect to seismic intensity, and accepted damage level as expected performance levels in designing structure. Moreover surveying literature showed that the lack of adequate study of seismic characteristic of this type of tunnel form buildings. Also, uncoupled frequency ratios and fragility curves are determined for studied models by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). The results show high capacity of the system and flexible torsional behavior of the structures due to their irregularity. Since both structures are placed in the immediate occupancy performance level in design earthquake, it seems that criteria which necessitate tunnel form structures to be regular in plan, are strict and prudent for the studied structures.

In this essay, lipase from Burkholderia cepacia was immobilized into 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) derived sol-gels. GPTMS:TMOS molar ratio of 1:3 was found to yield the best result. The morphological characteristics were investigated based on SEM and BET analysis. Sample mean pore diameter was 39.1 nm, it had a specific surface area of 60 m2/g prior to enzyme addition which decreased to 7.49 m2/g after immobilization. The enzyme activity was assessed through transesterification of waste cooking oil in the presence of ethanol with optimal conditions of: 40ᵒC, 15% immobilized lipase, 9:1 alcohol to oil molar ratio in 24 h of reaction which resulted in 91.70% biodiesel production. In 6-hour reaction time, 86.87% biodiesel was obtained which is much shorter than conventional enzymatic transesterification which is 72 h. Ethyl esters were characterized by determining their viscosity, density, and flash point based on ASTM D 6751-07b standards.

Accurate design of Spillways as one of the main parts of dams is an important issue in the stability and safety of dams. Determining the characteristics of flow hydraulic by using physical models is too expensive and time-consuming. In this study, two-dimensional flow over ogee spillway was simulated by solving Poisson functions of stream and pressure using the Finite Element method and analyzing k-ε turbulence and volume of fluid models in Finite Volume technique. Also a comparison was made between the results of numerical models and measured values in order to investigate the accuracy of the models in calculation of water free surface profile and flow velocity. The average relative error in velocity calculation using Finite Element and Finite Volume approaches was obtained 2.09% and 0.93%, respectively. The corresponding values for free surface profile were obtained 1.25% and 0.72%, respectively. The results showed that the Finite Volume approach had better performance than the Finite Element method in modeling flow hydraulic over the ogee spillway.

Onion thrips is a key pest of vegetable crops. Chemical control is a conventional controlmethod of onion thrips. The infested fields to onion thrips are usually treated several times each year. This study was conducted in the laboratory conditions to find the effective insecticides by using the filter paper bioassay. Cypermethrin EC10%, deltamethrin EC2.5%, diazinon EC60%, oxymatrine AS 0.6%, and spinosad (Tracer® SC240) were used in the bioassay. The filter papers were dipped in sequential concentrations of the insecticides The median lethal concentration (LC50) of insecticides was determined on 4 day-old adult thrips at 24 hours after treatments. The LC50 values of the insecticides were included 38.08, 3.08, 47.4, 2.43 and 4.8 a.i. μg/ml respectively. Oxymatrine and diazinon had the highest and lowest toxicity on T. tabaci respectively. Thus, oxymatrine can be considered as a new effective insecticide against onion thrips with low risk on environment and human.

Heart failure is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders. In this disease heart is disable to perfusion، insufficient perfusion lead to many symptoms in this patients. Each of these symptoms in some patients is deprived from the suitable sleep. Sleep is a vital and effective element in the health and quality of life in these patients. The purpose of this study is to assess of relationship between sleep quality and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure. In this cross-correlation study، 200 patients with chronic heart failure in two teaching university hospital of Tehran university of medical sciences was selected using sampling with proportional allocation. Data were collected using from demographic questioner، Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and then were analyzed using the SPSS software and statistical tests. Sleep quality، with some aspects of health related quality of life including physical limitations (P<0. 000)، symptoms (P<0. 001)، social functioning (P<0. 000)، quality of life، (P<0. 011) as well as general health related quality of life (P<0. 000) has a significant relationship. Considering that sleep quality are associated with health-related quality of life. Community health care providers especially nurses had to more than before attention to sleep quality in these patients.

Many aquatic organisms are important due to human consumption. Yet some organisms can accumulate pollutants from contaminated environment and transfer them to other organisms or human. Among the mentioned organisms, bivalves have potential to accumulate pollutants because their detoxification system is not well developed. Ark clam (Barbatia helblingii) is a filter feeder and edible bivalve species, which is well distributed in Bushehr shoreline. Coastal waters of Bushehr is potentially contaminated by various contaminants particularly Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) which mainly originate from oil industries and municipal wastewaters. These contaminants may accumulate in Ark clams. In order to study PAHs concentration in B. helblingii about 30 individuals with similar size were collected from 5 stations along Bushehr shoreline. The clam's soft tissues were digested by Soxhlet, extracted with hexane and their PAHs content were analyzed using HPLC (KANUER) system. Results showed that total PAHs content of the clams from Rafael, Sheghab, Abshirinkon, industrial zone and Helyleh were 638.0, 470.7, 140.3, 495.0 and 373.2ng g-1, respectively. Significant correlation was observed between total PAHs concentrations in different stations. Three aromatic rings hydrocarbons constituted the major part of total PAHs. The average total PAHs concentration in the clams was 423.42ng g-1, which was within the range of previous studies in the Persian Gulf or other parts of the world.

Extended Abstract Introduction Rapid increase of the urban population hase caused problems, especially achieving sustainable development goals. Some of the problems are: lake of spatial balance, vulnerability in the price of land and housing, social polarization, environmental pollution, use of extra energy, unplanned development, increasing levels of spending for urban infrastructure, constructing com fertile agricultural land, and increasing the urban periphery space. With the increase of environmental problems in the cities, and created crisis, attempts have been made to define the urban growth and urban development patterns and its relation to sustainable urban form. The question about sustainable urban form has been raised, and many researchers have tried to answer this. Some of the urban planners have supported the dispersion of the urban population and some are against this idea, and believe in concentration of urban population. This later group believe that problems of cities com be solved through increasing the density of population in urban areas and close concentration of urban land uses. A many different answer to the question of best urban form, the idea of compact city has received a lot of support and consideration, spatially in relation with the principles of sustainable development. Every city is experiencing its different growth pattern and every growth pattern leads to different consequences and results. Therefore, defining the precise and complete patterns of urban growth, explaining their existence, determining their strength and weakness com pave the path toward compact city and sustainable urban form. In our country, the endogenous factors of urban growth and organic growth have related slow physical development, but the base of development and growth can exogenous factors and oil revenues have created speculation of land. So, some internal sections of city are saved for speculation. The reduction of revenues received by municipalities and relying on unstable revenues such selling density rights have occurred. Methodology The research method is descriptive analytic and trend study. This research is an attempt to explain the trend. Considering the principles of sustainable development and compact growth, this research is an attempt to explain the pattern of physical growth in Amol city and its new trend toward compactness during the past towdecades. different statistical methods are used to analyze the trend. Results and Discussion For many decades, Amol city has experienced rapid growth of population and land area. But in recent decade, this growth has reduced and there is a trend toward compactness of growth. The major reason for this event is urban management policies in recent years. Recent policies encourage vertical development. The floor area ratio has increased in recent years after 1996. The floor area ratio has increased from 0.65 in 1986 to 2.71 in 1996. So, the ratio of floor Area to land area has increased. With the increase in the floor area for housing units, the urban fabric is more compact. There is a direct association between the land area and floor area, meaning that the larger land areas accommodate higher floor areas. Conclusion The results of this research show that Amol city has experienced dispersed and urban sprawl event. But during the past decade, a reduction in rate of dispersion has been experienced. Therefore, a concentration of population in inner parts of city has occurred and a compact form has appeared. Before considering the sustainable development principles, the common pattern for growth was dispersed pattern. The negative consequences of urban sprawl, ended to emphasize on urban intensification as a pattern for sustainable development.

Heavy metals contamination (Hg,Cd,Pb,Ni,Cu) in muscle of the fish Euryglossa orientalis and in sediments was assessed in 2007 in Khur-e-Musa Creek (Ahmadi and Ghanam). In total, 30 fish specimens and 18 sediment samples were collected and analyzed. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to determine contamination of the specimens with Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, and cold vapor method was applied for Hg. Results showed 2.35, 0.99, 1.32, 14.48 and 5.71μg/g dry weight of the fish for Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cu in muscle tissue, respectively. Metal levels in the muscle tissue were compared with standard values such as those of the World Health Organization (WHO), British Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), Australia National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and American Food and Drug Administration (FDA), based on which only Hg, Cd, and Ni showed higher than standard levels in Khur-e-Musa Creek (Ahmadi and Ghanam). Results showed 4.76, 2.52, 18.64, 119.91, 31.23μg/g dry weight for Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cu in sediments, respectively.

In this research we assessed the concentration of total mercury in the muscle, liver and gill tissues of Indian spiny turbot, Psettodes erumei caught from Jask coastal waters in Hormozgan province. Fifteen fish specimen were caught using trawl in spring season 2008. After biometrical measurements and sex determination, muscle, liver and gill tissues were collected; mercury was extracted from the tissues using chemical digestion method with pure nitric acid and its concentration was determined using AAS. The mean concentration of Mercury among body parts, but not between males and females, showed significant differences (P<0.05). The analyses of results using one way t-test showed that muscle and liver contained the lowest and the highest concentration of Hg, respectively. The concentration of Hg in gill was 19.98±1.35 µg.Kg-1 dw. The analyses of results showed that concentration of total Hg in muscle tissue was lower than the limit set by WHO, FAO and UKMAFF standards. Mercury content in sediment samples compared with American and Canadian standards and was lower than that of ERM, PEL, SEL and greater than that of SQRT, ISQG, ERL, and LEL standards.

The 7500 km2 Kerman Plain is badly suffering from water shortage due to overexploitationof its groundwater resources. Therefore, replacing the traditional irrigationmethods with the pressurized systems is in order to highly increase water use efficiency. This necessitates finding the most suitable sites for installing sprinkler and drip irrigation systems.The GIS technology along with the Boulian model facilitated locating the farm fields intended for this purpose. Of the surveyed terrains, 5 percent were judged suitable for sprinkler irrigation, and 25 percent were found to be suitable for drip irrigation.

Nowadays, high-voltage circuit breakers have reached such high short-circuit capabilities that testing them under the full rated voltage is generally not possible with direct tests, and they are conducted by using the synthetic test methods. Although the phenomena associated with making tests is of particular importance especially in case of load break switches, but making tests are rather disregarded in power studies. The aim of this paper is to present an innovative simple test circuit for single-phase short-circuit making test which can properly test the breaker at a reasonable cost, eliminating the need to large capacity power sources. The test circuit satisfies all relevant standard requirements and its results are conformable to those of reputable international testing laboratories.

The existence of creative people in organizations seems necessary more than before. The complex and modern organizations must be organized on the basis of new thoughts and they must have exploratory and innovative characteristics in order to continue their existence and their qualitative and quantitative growth and development; they also must emphasize on modern methods. The goal of this research is to compare emotional intelligence and organizational innovation among the managers of private and state sector in Tehran. Statistical population of research includes managers of state organizations in Tehran, managers of private banks, and those of trade firms. About one hundred persons of each group attended as a sample of research, while they had been selected by the method of sample cluster. The questionnaire of emotional intelligence (bar-on) and organizational innovation had been applied to collect data. Descriptive and deductive statistics had been used in order to analyze data. The results of this research have shown that there is meaningful difference in subscales of emotional intelligence and subscales of organizational innovation among managers of private and state sector.

An efficient synthesis of N-phenylcarboxamodo-2-aryl-1,2-dihydro-(4H)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones is described by cyclization reaction of some 2-(benzylidene-amino)-benzoic acids with phenyl isocyanate under reflux conditions in CHCl3. Higher yields of the products were produced in high purity with simple work-up.

Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is functioned as national interventions against malaria in southeastern foci of Iran and deltamethrin WP one of the insecticides have been used since past decade. In this study, the residual activity of the wettable granule (WG) was studied on different surfaces in hut scale trial against Anopheles stephensi in Iranshahr district, southeastern Iran. Three dosages of 25, 40 and 50 mg a.i./m2 of deltamethrin WG 25% formulation were applied on plaster, cement, mud, and wooden surfaces using Hudson® X-pert compression sprayer having 10 litters capacity. The residual effects of deltamethrin WG 25% on different surfaces was assessed based on reduction of mortality An. stepehnsi from 100% to about 70%. At 25, 40 and 50 mg a.i./m2 the WG formulation of deltamethrin had a bioefficacy for about 2, 3 and 4 months respectively. There was an expectable fluctuation in mortality of An. stephensi at different sprayed surfaces as well as dosages. The proposed 50 mg/m2 WG is the longest activity for up to 4 months which needs to be applied for two spraying cycles per year at the climatically condition of southwestern Iran.

Mental health is a state of being effective for society and reaching to a state of compatibility and social relations, well-being and comfort, life's satisfaction and physical health that is in interaction with society with low levels of deviant behavior and alienation. According to this, the aim of this report is to study the satifaction of non-material needs, compatibility and social relations, life's statisfaction, feeling a sense of alienation from oneself and the others, the condition of mental and physical health, family's living and social control of children as the dimensions of mental health among women whose hucbands were imprisoned for drug addiction. This study uses survey method, and to do this, 800 drug users who had passed at least three months of their sentence period, were included and systematic random sampling is chosen and prisoners's wives were quiered by questionnaire. Findings show that the mental health of women whose husbands successful the rison punishments declined during the imprisonment period. So in regard to the heavy expenditures on the difference dimensions of mental health that prisoners wives had to pay the punishment of drug addiction convicts is their wives punishment rather than themselves.

In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd and Ni were measured in the muscle, gill and liver of Euryglossa orientalis and in sediments, from Hendijan (Bahreghan) and Daylam fisheries port. The study was carried out on three different sizes of fish in four seasons. Concentrations of Ni and Cd in the sediments were higher than the Global standards. The results showed that concentration of Cd in the liver of fish was higher than in the other organs and the concentration of Ni and Pb in the gill of fish was higher than in muscle. In the fish muscle concentrations of Cd and Pb were higher in comparison to the standards, like WHO, ITS and NHMCR. In the summer, the concentration of heavy metals was higher in the larger size (>25cm) fish. The concentration of heavy metals in Hendijan (Bahreghan) was higher than Daylam Port.

The role of breast-feeding in protection against childhood acute leukemia is uncertain. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that breast-feeding decreases the risk of 300 patients we investigated childhood acute leukemia. In a case control study, we inrestigated 300 patients, aged 2±13 years, with acute leukemia, as well as 300 controls, individually matched for age and sex. Information regarding breast-feeding was obtained through face to face interviews with mothers. Findings showed that there was a significant relationship between duration of breast-feeding and childhood acute leukemia (P<0. 001). Breast-feeding of less than 1-months durations, when compared with feeding of longer durations 19-24 months was associated with increased risk of childhood acute leukemia (OR=3. 54). In this study, breast-feeding was associated with a reduced risk of childhood acute leukemia. Our findings suggest that future epidemiologic and experimental efforts should be directed at investigating the relationship between breast-feeding duration and all malignancies among children.

Improvement of abdominal obesity indices in middle-aged obese women by of exercise training has significant importance. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of rhythmic endurance training on abdominal obesity indices (waist to hip ratio, waist circumference, waist to high ratio, body fat %) in working women. This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on, middle-aged women, aged >35 years, with abdominal obesity, regular menstrual cycle, without regular exercising, registered nurses & midwives, medicine, rehabilitation, para clinic, health sciences university and all administrative departments of the Iran university of Medical Sciences. Volunteer participants (n=31) were randomly separated into cases (n=17) and controls (n=14). The case group has rhythmic endurance training for 8 weeks. At the beginning and the end of the study, in addition to completion of questionnaires, anthropometrical data, VO2 Max determined by tape, calipers and a chronometer. The results obtained showed that endurance training had no significant effect on waist-to-hip ratio in the cases, but significant positive changes on waist circumference, waist-to-high ratio and body fat percentage were seen. Decrease in waist to hip ratio was not significant after endurance training, probably due to short duration of exercise (8 weeks) and also may be related to lack of diet control.