nooshin ramezani

Iranian traditional architecture has been changed by modernity during the era of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. This led to a combination of residential context and the first modern streets of the capital. In addition, this development creates new residential spaces above commercial functions, challenges traditional values, and responds to residents' activities and interactions. The main goals of the research are, firstly, achieving residential patterns in combination with urban space and, secondly, changing the concept of traditional values in Iran in this era. Residential spaces in the streets of Lalezar, Ala-al-Dawa, and Sani-al-Dowleh and the passageways between them are studied. Four mansions with traditional residential patterns and six modern-style apartments were selected as deliberate case studies. The residential plans are based on field surveys and reports from the cultural heritage ministry. The connectivity, integration, and depth measurement components were conducted using quantitative analysis tools such as E-Graph and DepthMap software, which are space syntax analysis instruments. The comparative assessment led to some changes, such as omitting traditional elements like the courtyard and entrances and altering the nature of some spaces like the living room. The result of research via deductive reasoning explains changes in the qualities of some values in Iranian traditional architecture. These qualities are privacy and hierarchy. The main reasons for these changes are having the balconies in the first floor like the older model but facing the street and locating most spaces in similar depths.

The preferential flow is enhanced by the nature of the soil structure and by providing a direct and rapid flow for transferring pollutants, leads to pollution of groundwater. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate and compare some quantitative and qualitative preferential flow indices in different soil structures in Lorestan province. The study was conducted on un distributed soil columns with three different structures namely: (Granular, Blocky, and Massive) and a distributed soil with 3 replicate in a completely randomized design. In order to the plot breakthrough curve in each soil structure, injections of bromide at a concentration of 50 mg/L were carried out using a tension infiltrometer device under tension of 15-millimeter to soil columns. The breakthrough curve of different structures was plotted and accordingly the quantitative parameters of the preferential flow such as the mean time of breakthrough curve ( ) and the skewness index of the breakthrough curve (S) were calculated. For the study the paths of preferential flow, the infiltration of the dye tracer and image processing in different soil columns were performed. The results showed that soil structure had a significant effect on preferential flow occurrence in different soils. The comparison of breakthrough curve shape for different structures, showed the occurrence of preferential flow in blocky and granular soils and non-occurrence of this phenomenon in massive and disturbed soils. Also, the index of mean breakthrough time (0.2 and 0.39) and the skewness of breakthrough curve (1.17 and 1.45), in blocky and granular structures respectively confirmed the occurrence of preferential flow in these soils. The results of image processing showed that the infiltration depth of the tracer material in blocky structure was 29, 62 and 70% higher than granular, massive and disturbed structures, which demonstrated the role of type and enhancement of structure on occurrence preferential flow.

Sexual dysfunction is a common, progressive disorder which is related to age and it affects the quality of life and sexual and interpersonal relationship. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between self-esteem and sexual dysfunction and satisfaction in women who referred to the health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) study was done on 120 women referring to the health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences that met the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools were demographic, GHQ-28, Kovair Smith, and FSFI questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).

The overall incidence of sexual dysfunction was 64% and the greatest frequencies were related to pain and sexual satisfaction 37% and 20%, respectively. Also, 90% of the subjects had high self-esteem and the rest 10% had low self-esteem. There was a significant relationship between self-esteem and sexual dysfunction (p<0.05).

The findings of this study showed a significant relationship between self-esteem and sexual dysfunction and satisfaction in women, especially in those with low self-esteem that presented greater sexual dysfunction and satisfaction.