parisa sayyadi

This systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to investigate the effect of warming up on knee position sense.

The keywords of this systematic review and meta-analysis study were searched on December 1 by two authors in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The Downs and Black checklist checked the quality of articles. Statistical analysis was performed using CMA software. The I-square statistic was used to examine the data heterogeneity and estimate the percentage of heterogeneity. Besides, the Funnel Plot method was used for assessing the risk of bias in articles, and the trim-and-fill method was used in case of observation of possible bias.

Out of 5,133 studies found in selected databases, 31 were selected after reviewing the title and abstract, and seven articles were included in the study after reviewing the full text. The results indicated that warming up has a significant effect on reducing the active absolute angular error (P<0.05) and increasing the active relative angular error (P<0.05) but has no significant effect on the passive absolute angular error (P>0.05).

Warming can reduce absolute and relative angular error. Therefore, it has a significant effect on improving proprioception.

 The injury significantly disrupts the performance of the individual and the team and the prevention should be the priority of training programs. To design prevention programs, the first step is to identify risk factors. The joint position sense is one of these factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of muscle stretching interventions on the sense of the position of the lower limbs with an injury prevention approach.

 The keywords of this review were investigated on 24 September by two researchers in the electronic databases of Pub Med, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, elmnet, Magiran, SID. The quality of the articles was checked by the Downs and Black checklist. Statistical analysis was done with the help of CMA software and Q- test was used to check the homogeneity of data and I2 was used to estimate the percentage of heterogeneity. Also, Funnel Plot and Egger - test were used to evaluate the risk of bias in the articles, and trim - and - fill method was used if the was a possibility of bias.

 Out of 7487 studies found in selected databases, 25 ones were selected after reviewing the title and abstract, and 10 articles were included in the study after reviewing the full text. The results indicated that stretching exercises do not affect the joint position sense of the knee and ankle.

 It seems that stretching does not have a significant effect on the ankle and knee joint position sense. Considering that the duration of stretching in most studies was short, duration of stretching was one of the important reasons for the non - significance of the stretching. Therefore, more studies with longer periods of time are needed.

The use of push-ups has been suggested to strengthen the scapular stabilizers, while incorporating unstable surfaces is recommended to enhance the involvement of the neuromuscular system. However, the impact of this instability on electromyography (EMG) activity in the periscapular muscles during push-ups in individuals with Scapular dyskinesis remains uncertain. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to assess the influence of unstable surfaces on EMG activity in the trapezius and Serratus anterior muscles among individuals with scapular dyskinesis during push-ups.

A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, covering articles published from the inception of these databases until September 25, 2021. The search strategy utilized three main keyword categories: Scapular dyskinesis, electromyography, and push-up. Initially, 5,249 articles were identified through this search process. After a thorough assessment of the full text of these articles, four studies were deemed suitable for inclusion in the final review. Data extraction and evaluation of methodological quality were carried out as part of the review process. The Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated to perform the meta-analysis using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Software, Version 3. Statistical significance was determined by a p-value less than 0.05.

The findings of the study revealed that the utilization of unstable surfaces among individuals with scapular dyskinesis led to an increase in the activity of the upper trapezius (P= 0.011; SMD= 0.807 [95%CI 0.188, 1.427]). Conversely, it reduced the Serratus anterior's activity (P= 0.000; SMD= -0.665 [95%CI -1.023, -0.307]). However, the electromyography activity of the Lower trapezius was not significantly affected (P= 0.176).

Due to the imbalance between the upper trapezius and serratus anterior muscles in individuals with scapular dyskinesis, caution should be exercised when using unstable surfaces. Incorrect utilization of unstable surfaces may worsen these individuals' muscle imbalance. Therefore, it is advisable to approach unstable surfaces with heightened caution in individuals with scapular dyskinesis.

proprioception is the sense by which a person can understand the position and movement of body parts. Pelvic Lateral tilt has various consequences such as back pain, impaired  .muscle function, but few studies have investigated its consequences The purpose of this study was to Compare lumbar position sense in students with and without lateral pelvic tilt

In this study, 11 students with pelvic lateral tilt and 15 healthy students participated in the study. (Healthy group: age (year): 17.56±0.75, Weight (kg): 56.87±8.56, height (cm): 159.67±7.51 and lateral Pelvic tilt group: age (year): 17.98±0.63, Weight (kg): 57.97±5.2, Height (cm): 161.32±6.5). using a goniometer and photogrammetric method, Lumbar reposition error in four directions of flexion, extension, left lateral flexion and right lateral flexion was recorded. The independence-samples t test was employed to analyze the data. The p-value=0.05 was regarded statistically significant.

No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups with respect to reposition sense error for four directions of flexion, extension, left lateral flexion and right lateral flexion(P >0.05).

Given that no statistically significant difference was observed between students with lateral pelvic tilt and healthy students. One of the reasons for the lack of significance may be due to the low severity of the lateral tilt. Therefore, further studies need to be conducted to determine the difference in proprioception in students with pelvic lateral tilt and healthy individuals.

Work-induced musculoskeletal pain disorders are among the most common problems among workers. This study aimed to compare fatigue and trunk and neck postures during work in tailors with and without nonspecific chronic neck pain.

In this cross-sectional study, 30 sewing machine operators participated voluntarily in two groups of people with (15 persons) and without (15 persons) chronic nonspecific neck pain. The craniovertebral, cranial, and shoulder angles were calculated three times (at the start of work, after 2 hours of continuous work, and after 4 hours of continuous work) using the photogrammetric method.   Borg scale was used to examine work-induced fatigue. A one-way repeated measure analysis of variance at the significance level of 0.05 was used for data analysis.

There were significant differences in craniovertebral, cranial, and shoulder angle changes (P<0.001) between the two groups while working. So postural trunk and neck changes were more evident in the nonspecific chronic neck pain group. However, there were no significant fatigue differences between the two groups (P=0.639).

The upper quarter posture of workers with nonspecific chronic neck pain may be negatively affected more during working. So it is suggested that maintaining proper posture should be more emphasized among these workers.

Students in different levels use schoolbags to carry books and other educational tools. Various studies showed that schoolbag affects musculoskeletal system and posture in children and adolescents. This systematic review study aimed to examine the relationship between schoolbag characteristics with musculoskeletal pain syndromes and posture in Iranian students.

The search strategy was run in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Magiran, and SID databases. The Persian or English-written original papers that were published in peer-reviewed journals were selected without any time limit. The eligible studies were classified based on pain location and postural alignment.

A total number of 2426 records were found in the databases. Thirteen studies were eligible for this study. The results showedthat musculoskeletal disorders and postural abnormalities had a relatively high prevalence among Iranian students, and their prevalence was significantly higher in girls. Generally, it seems that carrying a schoolbag, carrying time, type of bag, and weight have a significant effect on the low back, wrist, shoulder, upper back, and neck pain. However, the carrying time and relative weight of the bag have a significant effect on thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and forward head posture.

The factors such as weight of bag or backpack, carrying time, unilateral bag carrying, female gender, location of the schoolbag, and walking to school with a bag can affect musculoskeletal pain and posture in Iranian students.

Context: 

Carrying a backpack with an inappropriate weight and non-optimal postures play a pivotal role in developing musculoskeletal pain. Studies have shown that school bags affect muscle activity and biomechanical variables in children and adolescents. Accordingly, the present study aimed to systematically review the effect of school bags on electromyographic activity of muscles and kinematic and kinetic parameters during walking in Iranian students.

 Relevant articles were searched through Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, MagIran, and SID databases. Original articles in Persian and English published in peer-review journals were selected without time limitation. Eligible studies were divided based on various biomechanical factors that were examined.

 A total of 1975 articles were found in the mentioned databases. Twelve studies were eligible based on the inclusion criteria in this study. In general, it seems as though weight, type, the height of placement of schoolbag, slope of the surface, and the manner of carrying the schoolbag had significant effects on the trunk, neck, ankle, and knee angles, length and frequency of steps, symmetry index, and vertical forces. Additionally, the weight and type of the bag had significant effects on the electromyographic activity of rectus abdominus, paraspinal, and lower limb muscles.

 Factors such as weight, the slope of the surface, method of carrying, and schoolbag height of placement could affect the kinetic and kinematic variables whereas the weight of the bag and the type of school bag could affect the electromyographic activity of the muscles in Iranian students.

 Along with the outbreak of coronavirus and quarantine practices in many countries, physical activities have certainly been severely restricted. The purpose of this review was to investigate the role of technology in maintaining and improving physical health. 

 For this systematic review study, the research method in this study included searching on PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles written in English and Persian in peer reviewed journals that examining the effect of electronic games and virtual reality on physical fitness were selected for analysis. Then, the eligible studies classifieds based on the study population ages. 

 Of 12563 studies found, 14 studies were eligible to enter the study. Research has shown that the use of technology significantly affect gait, balance, strength, flexibility, and mental functioning of the elderly, as well as balance, strength, endurance, and cognitive abilities in adults and children's physical endurance. 

 According to studies under review, the use of technology has a significant effect on improving and maintaining the physical and mental fitness of people in different ages. So, we can suggest using exergame and virtual reality exercises as a possible intervention to promote and maintain physical and mental fitness in quarantine.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Range of Motion (ROM) and balance symmetry between dominant and non-dominant arms in classic female wrestlers.

In this cross-sectional study, 13 members of the Iranian Women’s National Classic Wrestling Team participated voluntarily. The shoulder ROM was measured by a goniometer and dynamic balance was assessed by the Y-balance test. Data analysis was done by running a paired t-test, with a 0.95 confidence level (α<0.05).

There was no significant difference between dominant and non-dominant upper extremities in flexion (P=0.162), extension (P=0.264), abduction (P=0.077), internal rotation (P=0.972), and external rotation (0.945). A significant difference was found in the Y-balance test in medial (P=0.026) and inferior-lateral directions (P=0.047), but no significant difference in superior-lateral direction (P=0.715) and composite score (P=0.071).

Based on the results, it seems that the balance in the dominant arm is better than that in non-dominant arm in the athletes so the non-dominant arm may be at more risk for injury development. We, therefore, recommend that the coaches and trainers pay particular attention to these findings in designing the injury prevention programs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shortened-length versus through-range exercise training on upper quarter posture in primary school students with Forward Head Posture (FHP).

Sixty pain-free participants with FHP were randomly allocated to one of three groups; shortened-length training (n=20), through-range training (n=20), and no-treatment control group (n=20). The shortened-length and through-range groups participated in training programs 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Upper quarter postures, including Craniovertebral Angle (CVA), Shoulder Angle (SA), Cranial Angle (CA), and thoracic kyphosis were measured by photogrammetry before and after the training. The confidence level was set at 95% (P<0.05).

After training, both exercise groups showed significant changes in CVA (P=0.001), SA (P=0.001), CA (P=0.001), and thoracic kyphosis (P=0.001) compared to the control group. Besides, CVA changed more in the shortened-length exercise group compared to the through-range exercise group (P=0.003) (effect size =0.446).

Both through-range and shortened-length exercises altered upper quarter alignment. The shortened-length training resulted in a more significant change in CVA. These changes were small, and more studies are needed to investigate the effects of such training programs among people with pain.