pooyan shahabian

Metropolitan areas worldwide are experiencing increasing ethnic diversity, with profound implications for residents’ experiences and perceptions of urban environments. This study investigates the relationship between ethnicity and perceived urban environmental quality (PUEQ) within the context of Tehran, Iran. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research explores how different ethnic groups in Tehran construct and understand their urban surroundings. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with residents from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and patterns in participants’ perceptions. Quantitative data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using ANOVA to assess differences in PUEQ among ethnic groups. Findings reveal significant variations in PUEQ across different ethnicities. Thematic analysis identified distinct dimensions of PUEQ, including Ecological Quality, Accessibility Quality, Visual-Physical Quality, Functional-Activity Quality, Social Quality, Management-Economic Pattern Quality, Perceptual-Symbolic Quality, and Interaction of Cultural Elements and Activities with Urban Design and Planning. Turk, Kurd, Gilak, and Mazani ethnic groups exhibited distinct priorities within these dimensions. Quantitative results corroborate these findings, demonstrating disparities in perceptions of accessibility, social quality, economic conditions, and cultural integration. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between ethnicity and urban experience. By highlighting the diverse perspectives of Tehran’s residents, this study provides valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers seeking to create more inclusive and equitable cities.

This article is a theoretical reflection to examine the color of the city of Tehran as an element of the experience and mental perspective of the citizens. For this purpose, our goal is to understand the objective visual perceptions and their relationship with the mental associations that urban managers get from the urban experience. Therefore, the proposed color approach links the objective and subjective aspects of color with the tangible and intangible elements of the city. By doing so, this paper emphasizes how the results are not limited to the objective conditions of the city color study, but affected from subjective aspects, such as the analysis of the environmental factors (air pollution) in which the colors are chosen, as well as the imagination which the residents have about them. The purpose of this research is to deepen and expand the perspective of Tehran city from the approach of chromatic study. The conclusions invite us to read the representations and perceptions of city managers who, through questioning the color of the city, can express their emotions towards the place they live in and thus convey a specific mental view of the city. The findings of this research showed that there is a significant difference between the urban managers' subjective perception of the color of the city of Tehran (unhealthy and moderate air conditions) and the color of the landmarks.

Several of Iran's historic universities were established during a period when women either had limited access to or were not allowed to pursue higher education. Consequently, these institutions were originally designed with men in mind. According to recent data from the Ministry of Science, there has been a significant 56-fold increase in the number of women attending universities in the last five decades. Despite this, the physical layout of these universities has not been updated to accommodate the needs of women, who now make up half of the student population. The primary goal of this research is to identify effective criteria for university design and prioritize them to promote the comfort of these spaces for women. This research centers on the field of urban design. In this research, a combined method has been used. First, utilizing the qualitative method of "thematic analysis," the environmental inclinations of women in university spaces were explored. Then, using the quantitative method of "performance-importance analysis," the criteria extracted from the qualitative stage were prioritized. According to the results, certain criteria such as easy accessibility, integration with the surroundings, women’s right, on-campus access, environmental safety, health and hygiene, and comfort considerations of the university hold greater significance compared to other identified criteria in shaping women's positive experiences within university spaces. Designers and planners should prioritize incorporating these criteria to adapt spaces for women during renovations and constructions of existing universities or design new ones.

The diversity of the urban space is one of the basic factors in the contemporary urban design system, which is caused by the social, biological, and economic benefits, etc. it has been widely welcomed by modern urban models. However, Iran’s urban planning and design system has not received enough attention, and such a weakness reduces the livability level of urban collective areas from the micro to the macro level. Since different dimensions have not been properly analyzed in the studies of the urban system of Iran, therefore, the present research aims to analyze and find the roots of the concept of diversity in the framework of Richard Sennett’s the open city theory. The research method of this research is presented in the form of visual approaches and placement of each component and sub-component in all three types of tissue (intermediate tissue, new tissue and old tissue) in the study areas and in the quantitative part, the evaluation of the questionnaire based on the opinions of the experts is discussed, in this section, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used to evaluate and rank the three ranges based on Friedman’s tradition theory. The statistical population of this research is all professors who have opinions in this field and the sampling method is snowball. The reason for using Richard Sennett’s theory is that he is trying to link between function and body with social issues in the diversity system of urban space, and Khayyam area is the example of this research. The obtained results show that according to the opinions obtained, the northern Khayyam area of Qazvin has the most diversity according to the tradition theory and Khayyam in the middle has less diversity due to the repetition of certain types of uses and the attraction of certain strata, finally, Khayyam in the South has the lowest amount of diversity due to the presence of administrative and medical centers and the loss of living space at certain times.

Currently, one of the main problems of cities is the emptying of the spirit of life in them and in their urban spaces. For this reason, providing vitality and urban vitality has become one of the main concerns of urban management systems. Today, in developed countries, attention to the presence of people in urban spaces plays a key role in the design and planning of cities, and the important key to achieving sustainable, successful and lively cities is to pay attention to the role of people and their needs. In modern urban development, what should be placed at the top of all planning and design matters is to provide a humane and dignified environment for the presence of citizens. Managers and urban planners all over the world are trying to face urban problems and problems with an integrated look at all dimensions in cities, provide different approaches for the development of today's cities in order to respond to the new demands and expectations of the present age. One of the new approaches and concepts in today's urban planning is the smart city and the use of new information and communication technologies (ICT). A city that is 24 hours a day and the affairs of the city are going on in it all day and night. A smart city is a citizen-centered city in which information and communication technology (ICT) is used for better efficiency of existing resources and facilities, improving the quality of life of citizens and moving towards sustainable urban development. The process of this research, based on the descriptive-analytical method and with the help of library tools, examines the opinions related to the smart city, its dimensions and indicators. The results of this research show that the use of modern information and communication technologies in the urban spaces of the smart city can play a significant role for the presence and interactions of citizens, and as a result, the vitality of urban spaces. The urban space where vitality indicators are placed in the dimensions of a smart city and in addition to complying with the principles of a smart city, it includes the promotion of vitality in urban spaces.

After literature, Hamedani artists have adored visual arts more than any other realms of art. This very article strives to consider and classify the latent currents among Hamedan first generation painters. In other words, it endeavors to introduce, categorize and analyze the available flows from artists’ artworks from the beginning of painting creation on canvas and cloth for Hamedan artists-painters born (Hijri Shamsi 1280-1330). But what is very evident is the effect of nature on the works of painters of Hamadan. Often, the artist takes refuge in nature to understand himself and the connection between feeling and imagination. Because art somehow adheres to an understanding of the world that takes humanity away from all its functions at the level of society for a moment to reach a place of imagination and pure feeling with a special sensitivity. Man can achieve an understanding and transformation of nature in this place of imagination and direct feelingThe article data collection method has been of field collection method, observation method, Interview and library collection method. The works analysis method has been done through descriptive method, and their critique based on form analysis, and stylistics of some of artists’ works through comparative content analysis. The data have been formulized through interviewing and the resources of their interviews in the newspapers, and the artistic works have been taken photo of and analyzed by the article author. The research findings show that almost five parallel flows have been loomed in painting art within Hamedan first generation painters. In regard with the analysis of the works of the pioneers of the painting of Hamedan, some parameters have been put into consideration and have been paid attention to from two perspectives of form and content as following: the subject matter of the work, taking notice of objectivity, the role of the observer, the sort of composition, and formalistic features and techniques in Kamalolmolk school painters, naturalist painters, miniature and national art, religious painters and coffee house, modernist painters. Although the artistic works which have been remained or the cultural history of Hamedan minimally has not been taken notice of sufficiently to be considered verbally and persistently in light of visual arts, from the works of the contemporary artists and thinkers of the city, one can discern the impression of this history on the art and culture of this city palpable and considerable.

Problem: 

Factors such as the change in the emotional connection of humans with the urban space, events and places, have led to the reduction of place attachment and the aggravation of its consequences in Tehran. 

Target: 

In this research, analysis of key criteria affecting the use of color palettes as an important factor in the identification and improvement of the spatial attachment of urban spaces in Tehran has been considered.
 authors try to redefine the importance and significance of the urban public arts event in urban spaces, identify the feasibility of performing street music in social environments. The green corridor of Shahrchai and the Khayyam Jonubi sidewalk of Urmia city have been studied.

Interpretive Phenomenological Approach (IPA) is used as a qualitative approach, which aims to provide detailed reviews of the personal life experience of the color perception of the city, and the key criteria affecting the use of the palette. Color schemes are presented in spatial correlation in the framework of causal layered analysis (CLA). Due to the limitation of available samples, a targeted non-random sample was used to identify eleven people with conditions to identify and analyze the approaches and criteria.

The findings of the research showed that the criteria of color preferences, spatial context, citizens' participation, mental image, color perception in the decision-making and urban management system are among the most important criteria affecting the subject of the research. The importance of using color in promoting attachment is influenced by the environmental context, which can lead to the observance of principles such as the presence of citizens in the context of participation. In order to improve the situation of spatial attachment in connection with the color palettes of Tehran metropolis, strategies have been presented in the fields of urban management and design, citizens' participation, and creativity and innovation.

Walking constitutes a fundamental activity and pedestrians play a vital role in the vitality of urban spaces. This research endeavor aims to conduct a comparative analysis of walkability between Tehran's Takhti and Marzdaran neighborhoods while validating the findings and comparing specialized models. The assessment of data and the comparative examination of the two neighborhoods were carried out utilizing three quantitative models: WalkScore, Smartraq, and SpaceSyntax. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS LISREL software. The research methodology employed was descriptive, analytical, and survey-based, representing an applied approach. The statistical population encompassed 250 residents from both neighborhoods. The analysis of pedestrian circulation models revealed that the Takhti neighborhood attained a WalkScore rating of 93.07%, achieved a connectivity index of 1.76 in the Space Syntax model, and exhibited three positive Z-scores in the Smartraq model. Conversely, the Marzdaran neighborhood obtained a WalkScore rating of 77.86%, recorded a connectivity index of 1.69 in the Space Syntax model, and displayed three negative Z-scores in the Smartraq model. By evaluating these outcomes and subjecting them to statistical analyses, encompassing the examination of performance, physical, social, and environmental criteria, it becomes evident that the Takhti neighborhood, with an average score of 3.52, exhibits a superior capability for walkability compared to the Marzdaran neighborhood, which achieved an average score of 2.40. These results reinforce the quantitative model findings regarding walkability in the Takhti neighborhood.

The qualitative method used in the current research is behavioral observation method, a new approach in environmental design and analysis of public realms and a method to understand the interrelationship between people and space. The main goal of this research is to evaluate and analyze the activity and behavioral patterns of Zanjan city sidewalks using the behavioral observation method, or in other words, the conditions that spatial variations cause the formation of specific behavioral patterns in public areas. In this regard, it is proposed to receive the main components in the environment in improving the body and then the behavior in the collective territories of Zanjan city. The main question of the current research is what behavior patterns are ruling the space in the studied area according to diversity and to what extent environmental factors have been able to provide the satisfaction of the users of the space? For this purpose, the application of this method in the example of Zanjan pedestrian street, which was the starting point of the main historical-commercial axes of the city, and which is currently degraded and transformed due to some reasons, is analyzed. The current research is of an applied type and is carried out using a survey method, and during it, the analysis of the environment and the behavioral patterns of the users are observed and the physical components are examined and analyzed.

The main goal of the upcoming research is to explain the principles and spatial qualities of campuses based on the environmental preferences of female students.

Methods :

The nature of the research is qualitative and exploratory based on the methodology of content analysis and semi-structured in-depth interviews with a total of 40 female students of the faculties of literature and humanities and basic sciences in each of the two studied universities of Tehran and Shahid beheshti is done.

According to the narrative of female students, eight criteria of urban location, university campus structure plan, faculty architecture plan, likeability, university brand, attention to the dignity and rights of female students, the attractiveness of university activities and events, and the importance of hangout in the university are among the environmental qualities. It is effective in improving the presence of female students in university campuses.

Based on the environmental preferences of women, in addition to physical factors, non-physical factors are also effective in the presence of women in university campuses. In addition, the space may have a suitable physical quality, but it is gendered in a way that gives the woman the feeling of being subjugated and under control. For this purpose, the physical qualities of university campuses are necessary and not sufficient to promote the presence of girls.

Paying attention to happiness and its effective dimensions has a fundamental role in the desirability and environmental qualities of living and residential areas of cities, which today, not paying attention to it, is one of the challenges facing city dwellers. The current research is conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors affecting the realization of the happy city and explaining the pattern of achieving it in the city of Rudehen. This research is quantitative in nature. Data collection has been achieved through a questionnaire. In the descriptive part of the data analysis, the situation of the statistical sample of the research is examined, that is, the range of Rudehen, and in the quantitative evaluation part, the covariance-based structural equation modeling approach was used to test the research assumptions. In this research, it has been tried to evaluate 5 assumptions, i.e. the impact of social-cultural, physical, economic-household, administrative-administrative and finally ecological-environmental factors. The findings of the research indicate that the average level of happiness in the city of Rudehen is average. contract. And the average of the investigated influencing variables in environmental and social components are 3.16 and 3.12, respectively, which is a little higher than the average, but in managerial, physical and economic variables with an average of 2.31 and 2.48., 2.92 have the lowest average level compared to other indicators. These components show that by improving the condition of each of the 5 effective assumptions, the level of happiness increases and decreases by weakening each.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between urban environmental quality and quality of life among various ethnic subcultures in Tehran City, Iran. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining theoretical research, in-depth interviews, and statistical questionnaires. The study focused on ethnic groups as subcultures and identified several factors that contribute to the relationship, including integration with nature, sensory-cognitive interaction, historical meaning of the environment, functional public facilities, urban management and governance, and respect for citizens’ needs and desires as well as macro-policies. The questionnaire analysis using Smart-PLS revealed that accessibility, mobility, ecological, visual-physical, functional-activity quality, social, management-economic infrastructure, semantic and mental worldviews, integrations with quality and cultural elements, and mental quality of life are the most important concepts. The study found that citizens’ quality of life is significantly influenced by how they perceive cultural concepts and elements. The study examined the opinions of various ethnic groups, including Turkish and Azerbaijani, Lur, Kurdish, Gilaki, and Mazandarani subcultures, revealing differences in accessibility and mobility, as well as social and economic quality. The study concludes that cultural elements and qualities influence individuals’ meaning, worldviews, and subjective perceptions, resulting in a higher quality of life. Future research could explore the potential impact on quality of life in various subcultures of specific urban design interventions.

Color has always been a part of describing experiences and memories of people and landscapes. Achromaticity in urban spaces can affect aspects such as memorability and can consequently lead to diminished mental images, challenging the perceptive quality of inhabitants. On this basis, experiencing the vitality of colors in cities can improve the quality of urban spaces. Despite the importance of color in people’s perception of urban spaces, few studies have investigated the understanding of chromaticity in such areas. This gap widens in developing countries, such as Iran with extensive construction in its urban areas.

In this study, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used as a qualitative approach to provide an accurate examination of personal life experience of urban color perception in order to discover the nature of the lived experience of human understanding of color without any previously prescribed theoretical premise. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were carried out to obtain individuals’ perceptions of color in urban spaces of Tehran, Iran. Eleven experts in urban planning and development and architecture were selected through snowball sampling. The interviews were then analyzed in MAXQDA 2020, which yielded four main themes.

The interaction between the following four themes—i.e., 1) diminished color palette in modern constructions in Iranian cities, 2) attempt to embed colors in urban spaces, 3) colorful life in urban spaces, and, 4) attachment to colorful environments—underlined the color perception of Tehran’s urban spaces in two themes. The first theme was chromophilia, which increased place attachment (boosting the quality of the environment), and the second was chromophobia, which reduced place attachment (ignoring the improved quality of space and its preservation). Chromophobia can result in paleness, mattness, and grayness of the general aspect of color in the metropolises of Iran, particularly, in Tehran. The fading of local color can cause a diminution of the variety of colors and visual annoyance, which has led to diminished connection and attachment of the city and urban spaces to Tehran. Another finding emphasized using of color in improving attachment and belonging, influenced by environmental context and the formal and color landscape of cities (as well as climate, nature, function, and economy), to indicate principles such as spatial unity, eligibility, mystification, variety, citizens’ presence in a context where participation is based on the needs of different demographic-social groups.

Using color could encourage social life and place attachment to urban spaces and it could improve population health, particularly, mental health. The results of the study can add up to the tacit knowledge of urban planners, designers, and managers to attract citizen participation in improving the quality of urban spaces.

The rapid development of cities has caused the unsustainability of the human urban environment and consequently fragmented the ecology of the urban landscape. Today, there is a need for a new conceptualization with which to approach ecological diversity, such as environmental planning and design for integrating the urban landscape ecology. The development of urban green networks is one of the essential factors to protect biodiversity and effectively prevent the isolation of populations and species. The purpose of this article is to connect ecological networks in the urban landscape and finally increase connectivity and provide ecosystem services in cities and presenting proposed potential corridors and their scenarios.

We produced the proposed scenarios by using the improved Gravity model and network analysis in GIS software.

We achieved the prioritize corridors in the northeast area of Tehran by using the cost layer, the impedance layer, and the core patches. In the final stage, three scenarios were developed in the studied area using corridor network analysis.

Based on the impedance layer, core patches, and cost layer, the functional prioritization of the proposed corridors was discussed to develop and analyze the proposed corridors. This map leads to decision-making strategies and achieving the integration of the ecological networks in the urban landscape. The output of this paper can be used as a basic map for the development and revitalization of urban ecological landscape structures.

Land use subject and optimization patterns are one of the basic urban issues that human beings are always offering models and solutions to maximize the use of land and its capabilities in a variety of applications. On the other hand, optimizing medical land use will facilitate individuals' access to services and it Cause spatial justice all around the city. The main purpose of this research is the location optimizing of medical land use and, in particular way hospitals in urban areas.In addition, this goal in terms of locating criteria is responsive to the needs of citizens and being in a good position.The case study for this research was the 17th district of Tehran. District 17 has a small size, high population density, and small grain, which means this district is facing many problems with providing service levels. Also, the lack of public services has become one of the main factors in reducing the population in this district. Moreover, medical land use as one of the most basic service levels in the region has 0.16 m per capita, which is lower than the standard per capita and the per capita of Tehran city. The data of this study were collected on a map of the city and analyzed by the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the application of the Boolean logic method, by integrating the information layers on the final map. Then the appropriate hospital deployment areas are determined. Ultimately, by genetic algorithm (GA), the optimal and best answer for solving this problem has been derived by defining multiple functions and using MATLAB software. The results of an analysis of the current situation of medical land use in the 17th district of Tehran indicate that the current spatial distribution of medical land use is showing a lack of proper access for citizens. This area has a severe shortage of medical land use that causes the optimal location of the medical land use and specifically the hospital to be on the main agenda of this research. In conclusion, the results of the research show that the proposed method, while considering populations, neighborhoods, land characteristics, and access, finds the best place for therapeutic use. Therefore, it can be effectively used to locate optimal therapeutic use.

Before the Industrial Revolution, urban neighborhoods had maintaining their natural, social and physical values, they responded to the relatively constant needs of their inhabitants. With the rapid growth of Iran's metropolises, old textures and ancient settlements and neighborhoods were threatened, and the need for urban restoration and re-creation of old textures was felt more than ever. In order to achieve the goal and to investigate the problems of these neighborhoods, an integrated method including descriptive, documentary, historical, scientific studies was used to determine the research method and policy and the indicators required to achieve the goals through the method. Delphi were confirmed and then the questionnaires were analyzed using the SWARA model. The ancient texture of the cities of Kerman, Shiraz and Isfahan, especially the neighborhoods of Qaleh Mahmoud Kerman, Sang-e Siah Shiraz and Haruniyeh of Isfahan, in addition to reflecting the history of development and cultural developments over time, are significant works of culture. And have included the civilization of the country on a national and global scale. They are for improvement and renovation. The results of analysis in all three neighborhoods showed that development stimulus projects in the historical urban context strengthen the sense of security and also the most important factor of lack of security in the worn texture is the shape and physical structure of the texture and analysis using From the SWARA model, it was shown that in the component indices of the sub-levels of the development stimulus dimension; Equipping and expanding public networks - and in the component indicators of the subset levels of the security dimension; Space scale - and in the component indices of the subset levels of the regeneration dimension; Attracting high-income families, attracting domestic capital and improving the employment status of residents are in the first place.

Prior to the Industrial Revolution and the growth of cities, urban neighborhoods grew slowly and steadily, while maintaining their natural, social, and physical values, and responding to the relatively constant needs of their inhabitants. With the rapid growth of Iran's metropolises, old textures and ancient settlements and neighborhoods were threatened, and the need for urban restoration and re-creation of old textures was felt more than ever. Urban development has tried to revive and restore urban life to inefficient areas due to the two approaches of internal development and urban restoration of worn-out structures. In order to facilitate this process and pay attention to the connection of old contexts with urban development, planning and implementation of development stimulus projects was considered as one of the strategies used to provide the necessary conditions for the presence of residents and owners. The ancient texture of the cities of Kerman, Shiraz and Isfahan, especially the neighborhoods of Qala-e-Mahmoud, Sang-e-Siah and Haruniyeh neighborhoods, in addition to reflecting the history of development and cultural developments over time, are significant works of culture and civilization of the country. Nationally and globally, this research is applied in terms of purpose and its methodological approach is qualitative, quantitative, combined. Research sources are documentary sources, libraries and field observations and a popular questionnaire (analysis in the form of SPSS software). Research results in three neighborhoods of Sangsiah, Qalam Mahmoud and Haruniyeh; Showed that 1) development stimulus projects in the historical urban context strengthen the sense of security, 2) the most important factor in the lack of sense of security in the worn texture is the undesirable physical shape and structure of the texture, and 3) can be approached The stimulus of development, as a complete and integrated vision, achieved the revitalization and re-creation of the neighborhood as well as the preservation of its historical and physical values in order to turn the neighborhood into a living place in harmony with modern life and in accordance with historical character and identity.

Today, understanding the importance of land-use changes and its affecting factors in urban planning is undeniable. Knowing the ratio of land uses and how it changes over time is one of the critical issues in management planning. Modeling and predicting urban land-use change can help to understand and recognize urban dynamics and it can be considered as an effective and essential tool for planners. The goal of this study at first is to investigate the extent and manner of conversion of existing agricultural and bare lands to built-up areas in the urban area of Sanandaj, and secondly to model the future pattern of these changes up to the horizon of 2032 using the CLUE-S and MOLAND models. The research method used in this study is a combined method based on historical, descriptive, correlation, and comparative methods. This article is an applied research and quantitative and comparative methods have been used to analyze the subject. First, effective factors in the land-use change in Sanandaj urban area were identified based on literature review, observations, and field studies, as well as interviews with local officials and planners, and then, logistic regression as an analytical method is used in SPSS 16.0 software environment to analyze the relationship between land-use variables and independent factors. The results indicate that land-use changes often take place in lands having the highest degree of spatial desirability for that type of land use. The results of both models show a decrease in agricultural and bare lands and an increase in constructed areas. Therefore, in this regard, the eastern and northwestern regions of the study area are facing more land-use changes, and more actions need to be taken to prevent it in the future.

How to identify and select "optimal tourism paths" can be very effective and effective in improving the quality of historical, cultural and recreational spaces of cities. The present study, with the selection of the city of Nayin - as one of the historic and valuable cities of Iran, which has significant cultural and historical boundaries - is trying to find one of the historical and cultural tourist routes in the city as a route Tourism Optimization in Naying City. This research is an applied-to-development study. The methodology is descriptive-analytic and data collection is compiled through documentary and field studies. First, for the optimal routes of tourism, four criteria of service, physical, spatial, cultural and functional were defined and for each of them, sub-criteria were explained. Then, through the analysis of the axial maps of the existing routes and the study of the spatial structure of the city - in both universal and localized - using the "Space Syntax" method, and, on the other hand, analyzing and ranking the paths based on criteria And the sub-criteria proposed by using the ANP, the two historical-cultural axes, "Pivot Gate to the Gate of Kalvan" and "Gate of Nogabad to the Gate of Forty Girls", were analyzed, ranked and ranked. By collecting the results of these analyzes and ratings, the first axis of the survey (Pivden Gateway to Kalkan Gate) was selected as the optimal route for tourism in the city of Naiyin with more points.

An urban environment with suitable quality & neighborhoods as fundamental elements can induct satisfactory and well-fair feelings to the inhabitants. The main goal of this article is to conceptualize environmental quality contents in new towns neighborhoods by evaluating satisfaction rate of inhabitant of environmental quality factors. Therefor we extract 25 factors from fundamental theories of environmental quality in three deferent dimensions of Experimental, Functional & nature of environment. With these factors we evaluate environmental quality of 4 different neighborhoods of Pardis. Considering the main goal, we will evaluate the connection between the environmental quality indicators and the satisfaction rate of the residential environment neighborhood. This connection will be shown in a model evaluating environmental quality of Pardis new town.
Study shows that there are six basic factors, defining satisfaction of Pardis habitants, while the overall score of satisfaction rate is low which explains inability of Pardis town to fulfill inhabitant needs and desires.

Many measures are being taken to bring peace and contentment to the citizens of today’s cities in weird and costly ways. However, little attention is paid to modest places that can satisfy the neglected needs of urban dwellers with lower costs. Paying attention to these places is a reflection on a circle that has an important relationship with freedom, satisfaction and peace of mind. The current research seeks to introduce one of the most attractive and influential types of such places. In this regard, it is essential to review the related principles from a philosophical point of view in order to understand the nature of these spaces.The most important basic concepts in this review are the third space (introduced by Edward Soja, the postmodern geographer and Homi K. Bhabha, the post-colonial cultural theorist), the third place (introduced by Ray Oldendburg, American urban sociologist) and heterotopia (a concept developed by Michel Foucault, the French philosopher, for the purpose of classifying space). A dissenting model, combining the features of these spaces, creates a new concept called “Other Space”. One of the typical examples of these types of spaces, which is less regarded by the experts in the field of urban studies, is cafe. Although cafes are semi-public spaces, identifying their nature and functionality due to their customer attraction can provide informative lessons for urban designers and planners. This research is based on qualitative methods, interpretive and case study approaches. It uses 20 cafes in the city of Karaj as sample. Documents about the three basic concepts were presented in order to define the types of cafes used for implementing the conceptual model of heterogeneous spaces. The final 5 main categories offered for cafes’ typology are: 1. Cafe Galleries and cafes with friendly atmosphere, where artists and art lovers are their main owners and customers. 2. Luxurious cafes, having more expensive menus and more affluent customers. 3. Old cafes whose identity is based on their age and history, and nostalgia is their main attraction. 4. Cozy cafes with diverse customers, have been existed from the very beginning of cafe in Iran and endure in the same way, despite the diversity in the business sector. These cafes can be found in each neighborhood. 5. Chain cafes, a newer generation of cafes in Iran based on the global models. According to the results of this study, these cafes, especially those with more cultural-artistic tendencies, have a close relationship with the features mentioned in the theoretical basics of the conceptual model of “Other spaces” such as the third space, third place and heterotopia. They have many lessons for urban planners and designers. With their capacity, their characteristics and optimized usage, these cafes can be considered as “other spaces” in various theoretical and practical urban studies. In fact, understanding that “Other Spaces” have been able to create small utopias in the commotion of today’s city can help to reconsider specialized decision making about other urban spaces.

Walkability has a vital role in identification of space identity and understanding of environment quality, and for this reason it has attracted multiple theoreticians. Given the recent attempts of planners and designers for the encourage people to walk, several models and methods are provided to measure the walkability potential. But, each one only considers certain aspects of the pathways. The lack of comprehensiveness methods led to conducting this study in which a few methods and models such as, Space Syntax, SPACES, Pedestrian Discomfort, and PAWDEX method indices are combined together to provide a rather comprehensive method in assessment of the walkability which can be used in case studies. For this purpose, at first, the main pathways in BagheFerdos and Zaeferanie districts are studied (the case studies in this article) through the method of Space Syntax and then the elected pathway in each district is assessed based on the three other methods. Based on the Space Syntax theory, the sequence of spaces positioning next to each other has a direct impact on the way of using a particular space. According to the final obtained scores, the walkability potential of Fayazi street (the elected street in Baghe Ferdos district) is found to be more than Asef street (the elected street in Baghe Zaferanieh district). Each street requires its design advancement and unique planning. At the end of the article, some approaches are provided to achieve this goal.

Abstract Population increases day to day and causes some difficulties which are more noticeable, especially in urban areas such as Tehran as one of the most populated cities in the world. Nowadays, these difficulties highlights the role of sustainable development. Needless to say, inequality in urban life is sign of failure in fulfilling of sustainability development. Based on multidimensional features of sustainable development paradigms and existence of different attitudes, it is difficult to have a perfect and multidimensional consensus in this field. Different attitudes and evaluation of sustainability methods signify the substantive dimensional issues such as environmental, social and economic features. In many societies, despite the resources, high-quality environment and high rate of social and economic features, failure in reaching sustainable development goals can be observed. Thus, it seems that investigation of of dimensions and indexes of sustainability and holistic attitude in this field can provide a new attitude towards societies. Attaining sustainability in this field needs a holistic cognition of the existing condition of the society for planning and giving strategies to reach advance rate of sustainable development in society. The aim of this study is to investigate the sustainability of urban life in Districts 7 and 22 of Tehran municipality with different attitudes by considering dimensions of sustainability in terms of substantive and procedural criteria. Substantive criterion includes environmental, social and economic indexes and these features not only exist in deep layers of society but also can change according to other conditions and are affected by sustainable development policy. Another criterion which is normally ignored in the evaluation of sustainable development, is procedural index which is formed by the indexes acting independently as a political process in society. In this regard, library and ocumentary studies, field observation, questionnaire and interviews were employed. The collected were analyzed by SPSS software and statistical method. The results show that District 22 is better in terms of both procedural and substantive indexes compared to District 7. Analyses show that District 22 not only receive high amount of investment in sustainable development by the local government (district municipality) but also supports some capacities which exist in the region. In addition to heightening the quality of management and local government, this district creates new capacities and helps in increasing the level of society.

The history of the urban density problem dates back to the ancient cities. In recent decades, the rapid growth and horizontal expansion of the cities of most countries in the world, both developed and developing, has encountered serious problems. Therefore, attention to the concept of space is important in statistical studies. If this factor is ignored in the numerical and statistical information of the research, the results will be error-prone. The whole city is built in space. 3D space is a great way to improve our quality of life. Today, urban density policies in the urban spatial structure are mainly influenced by the financial benefits of floor area ratio and so the spatial dimension is ignored. The analysis of floor area ratio as a determinant and effective factor in urban planning and the recognition of factors that encourage or inhibit it, is a useful way to solve many of the problems caused by floor area ratio in new cities. In most cases, there is a different relationship between the dependent and independent variables because of their dependence on location. Previous research is more limited to providing maps of floor area ratio that is very general and limited to analyzing the linear relationship between independent and dependent variables, while the maps derived from the proposed model of this study are based on considering the spatial aspects of data that is more accurate and more closely related to reality, and therefore is more reliable. Therefore, the need to pay more attention to the understanding and analysis of urban phenomena affected by the space factor in planning urban design is essential. Therefore, it is important to study the factors affecting floor area ratio and how to apply this effect. In studies of the recognition of these relationships, numerical and statistical information was often used. Among the statistical methods, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is more precise and real to explore the relationship between dependent and independent variables by considering the location. In this field of study, with emphasis on the use of Geographically Weighted Regression software, was presented by Fotheringham, Brunsdon and Charlton of UK University of Science professors. Geographically Weighted Regression method has various uses, including the detection and analysis of variables on a local scale, and has been used in areas such as urban and regional planning, geology, geography, Geometrics and etc. Most studies outside Iran have focused on the relationship between environmental and physical components, and in particular land-use changes, and it can be said that the role of socioeconomic dimensions in this research group is less colorful.So in this research tries to analyze the relationship between socio-economic factors with floor area ratio as dependent variable with GWR and to explain it more precise than classical methods. The methodology of this study is quantitative. After explaining the studied approach (Geographically Weighted Regression), the concept of floor area ratio and the factors that influence it, the amount of Floor Area Ratio with use of GWR’s method in Takhti neighborhood (Zone 12 of Tehran) with some socio-economic variables such as population density, level of education, land prices, area of urban blocks, number of floors and social security in the neighborhood have been predicted. The result of this study can emphasize the efficiency and accuracy of GWR, while representing the difference between the effectiveness of each of the studied independent variables ( such as land prices, population density, the gross ratio of educated and uneducated people, the area of the urban block, Number of floors, Social Security), on floor area ratio in different geographic coordinates. The influence of these factors on floor area ratio with regard to the location is variable and can change; also it leads to a more accurate perception of urban phenomenon which are influenced by location in urban planning and urban design. Finally, suggestions are made:• Prioritizing urban planning activities based on the use of later-dimensional research that has less error, and therefore leads to more accurate analyzes and results.• Provision of floor area ratio criteria in order to promote social security on the eastern edge of Takhti Street according to the resulting map.• Increasing the number of independent variables in order to increase the accuracy and efficiency of the model.• The necessity of economical estimation of the location of proposed projects or land use change in the main axis of Takhti neighborhood in accordance with the output map of geographically weighted regression.

In a competitive world, cities need to be mentioned, and nowadays, looking at the city as a product is unavoidable.Today, cities are the brands that make special experience for residents and tourists, and Attendance in them can become to a Unique memory. In the commercial and competitive world, tourism development is considered as a key factor in any development program at any level.This attitude can help to live in the city and make it an appropriate place to attend and earn income through Creating Sustainable Tourism Brand. In this regard, Historic cities of Iran with unique assets can provide unique capabilities for their audience. this research evaluate the status of the three historical cities in iran (Isfahan, Shiraz and Yazd) according to the Effective brand equity Indexes. In this research, information was gathered by the theoretical approach and with the help of interviews from centralized groups of foreign tourists that visiting Iran(Ten tourists)Reach the saturation limit(). Data analysis was done through interview using the thematic analysis technique. Subsequently, based on theoretical foundations and interviews, a questionnaire was compiled and distributed among 384 Foreign tourist Which visited these cities between March and January(2017). Then, by Confirmatory factor analysis,. After that For Assessing the status of cities used Anova test. according to the results from the Anova test, Isfahan's status is better than Two other cities. according to the five factors obtained, only the significant difference in these cities is related to the factor of Awareness. the situation of cities is evaluated were relatively good. In fact, recognizing this is very helpful in improving a destination brand and promoting the status of cities to attract target groups. Indicators of value and loyalty are good in these cities.