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Our main goal in this article is to explore the phenomenological understanding of space and identify the essence and beauty of the artistic structures in Naqsh-e Jahan Square. We aim to enhance the sense of human identity and quality-oriented approach in contrast to the modern era's feelings of loss, alienation, and quantification. Due to its geographical and historical significance, Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan serves as a crucial cultural, social, and historical hub that attracts a large number of tourists, both domestic and international. By examining the principles of Gestalt in its design, we analyze how these principles are implemented in the square. Naqsh-e Jahan Square, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is renowned for its grandeur and architectural significance. Despite extensive research on the square, there is a gap in explaining the principles of Gestalt in its physical interpretation. Addressing this gap is an essential aspect of future research. Gestalt is one of the most important principles in architecture, especially in the design of public and urban spaces. These principles emphasize the proper distribution of spaces and their interconnectedness, leading to the creation of a beautiful and efficient urban environment. The theory of Gestalt perception is based on the idea of seeking order, structure, and patterns in designs and objects. This article focuses on the application of Gestalt principles in the design of the square, with an emphasis on the thematic analysis of its physical structure and aesthetics. The conclusion drawn from this study is that the architecture of Naqsh-e Jahan Square, rooted in our past, predominantly emphasizes the importance of humans and is based on the presence of humans, richness of beauty, and meaning in the place's formation. Additionally, in Naqsh-e Jahan Square, this theory can provide valuable insights into visual perception. Factors such as strong symmetry and repetition in architecture, use of patterns, and design coherence can influence visual perception. These factors establish a consistent and predictable order and structure that provide visitors with a tangible understanding of the environment and relationships between elements in the square. These architectural and design principles in Naqsh-e Jahan Square enhance the sense of order and harmony, improving visual perception.

In recent decades, with the advancement and expansion of knowledge in behavioral sciences and technology, newopportunities have emerged for architects and architectural design. The design of objective and subjectivepatterns, as one of the most basic physical and mental needs of humans, has long directly impacted the quality of people’slives. In this regard, understanding human behaviors, needs, and interactions in a design, especially with the influenceand attention to the characteristics of behavioral sciences, can help create more efficient, human-centered, andharmonious environments with people’s daily lives. On the other hand, the emergence of artificial intelligence as apowerful tool in data analysis and providing creative suggestions and solutions has opened new horizons in thearchitectural design process. Combining data from behavioral sciences with the capabilities of artificial intelligenceenables the definition of design patterns in a way that can meet the diverse needs of each individual and, at the same time,improve and enhance sustainability, flexibility, and aesthetics in design thinking and architecture. In this article, Theresearch method in the present article is qualitative, conducted through the examination of documents related tobehavioral sciences in order to generate objective and subjective patterns by means of an artificial intelligence languagemodel (Midjourney Prompt) via trial and error by examining objective and subjective approaches not only based ontraditional criteria but also using the analysis of behavioral science data and their intelligent processing with the help ofartificial intelligence language models, the existing potentials in architectural design have been identified and exploited.The main goal of this research is to improve the architectural design process by promoting a better physical and mentalhuman experience in spaces.

Ancient structures such as ziggurats and pyramids have been raised all over the world. They have evolved throughout history and are now considered among the most symbolic ancient buildings. Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat in Iran and the Pyramid of Djoser in Egypt are both important historical monuments. Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat is one of the oldest religious buildings of ancient Iran and the Pyramid of Djoser is considered to be the first pyramidal tomb of ancient Egypt. Despite having different uses, these two buildings have a similar form: stepped pyramid. This paper compares the physical structure of these two ancient buildings using reliable historical sources. This study is qualitative and the required data were collected using the interpretative-historical methodology and the descriptive-analytical approach. Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat and the Pyramid of Djoser have been compared in the following aspects: proportions, basis of mathematics and calculations, orientation, mountain concept, stepped pyramid concept and mythology of the two civilizations. The comparison showed that, despite their geographical distance (1,665 km), age difference (1,380 years) and different uses (temple vs. tomb) of the two buildings, their physical structures have been designed similarly. Such similarity is rooted in the religious beliefs of the two civilizations. In addition, the findings pointed to the direct influence of Mithraism in the structure of Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat and the direct influence of the religious beliefs of the ancient Egyptians about the afterlife in the structure of the Pyramid of Djoser and the representation of these beliefs in the architecture of the two ancient civilizations.

Attention to human-centered features in architectural design to create levels of physical, functional andpsychological comfort, in line with attention to environmental and energy consumption management approaches,is nowadays considered an important and growing movement towards the definition of sustainable architecture. Thermalcomfort is a significant subset of this attention which can be examined in two physiological and psychological aspectsand is defined as "the condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment". With the assumptionthat "people are not inactive in environmental conditions", this study seeks to evaluate the qualitative human-centeredfactors affecting thermal perception by examining the possibility of redefining the upper and lower limits of thermalcomfort temperature in the environmental conditions of open spaces with the aim of improving the global standardtemperature and minimizing and managing energy consumption. It is based on library studies and field observationswhose data were collected using a questionnaire from the visitors to Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan in the cold seasonand appropriate solutions were presented after the results had been analyzed using SPSS 26. Results indicated that thearchitectural response to thermal comfort is influenced by qualitative and human-centered approaches, and adaptationand alliesthesia play a significant role in defining the acceptable human thermal environment and comfort temperature,which does not necessarily conform to the Design limits set by global standards and where calculations are not merelyquantitative and can be redefined depending on qualitative characteristics in Line with sustainable Design thinking