reza ghaderi

Motor imagination is a dynamic mental state that simulates a similar brain mechanism to actual physical movement. This brain mechanism could be traced using Electroencephalography (EEG) recording during motor imagination. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how development changes this mechanism. As the brain mechanism of motor imagination must gain expertise during development to enable a subject to perform better motor actions, we hypothesized that the brain mechanism of imagination in adults must have a more complex pattern of information processing than in children. 

We recorded the EEG signals of 10 boys and 9 male adults during right- and left-hand motor imaginations. Subsequently, the complexity of EEG signals was estimated by applying Higuchi’s fractal dimension (HFD) to the cleaned EEG data. 

The results presented a significant increase of HFD in the adults (P<0.05, family-wised error corrected) in all the EEG channels compared to the children. An increase in HFD presents a more complex pattern of information processing in adults, which advances their ability to perform motor tasks. 

This advancement in adults could be created by information compression at higher levels than in children. We hope these findings pave the way to a better understanding brain functions and mechanisms.

Our everyday lives will increasingly revolve around the Internet of Things. A lot of little data packets flow in networks as a result of IoT devices frequently contacting required servers and other devices via the Internet. This causes high overhead, inefficient network performance, and a growth in the volume and quantity of packets in network nodes. Numerous packet aggregation strategies have been created or researched in order to address these issues. A few of them deal with IoT packet aggregation in wide area networks, but they don't go into great detail or examine various aggregation strategies. The packet aggregation technique proposed in this paper can choose from a range of useful alternatives that are appropriate for wide-area near-edge software-defined networks. The suggested packet aggregation mechanism avoids the increase in latency brought on by an increase of application layer message types by carrying out aggregation at a lower level than the application layer, utilizing a unique aggregation header, and employing certain suitable techniques, so it has a lower end-to-end delay than related works while maintaining the same level of packet reduction. The proposed mechanism can classify and aggregate packets based on their type, along with features like ToS and algorithms like K-Means, and is capable of adapting to the packets conditions. The suggested mechanism's effectiveness and superiority over previous works of a similar kind are demonstrated by the simulation results for various modes, which take into account the network's traffic from Internet of Things-based smart cities. Not only have simulations been conducted, but essential conversations and comparisons have also been undertaken in this regard.

Since the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran recognizes sovereignty as belonging to God, the lifestyle of the people and consequently the police personnel must be Islamic. The most important religious ritual that can play a role in this issue is prayer. The aim of this article is to examine the role of intra-organizational factors affecting the Islamic lifestyle with emphasis on prayer in preventing crimes and violations of the employees of the Maragheh County Police Command. The research method is a descriptive survey and its statistical population is 150 employees of the Maragheh County Police Command. The sample size was 108 people using the Morgan table and was selected by random sampling. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using SPSS software. Intra-organizational factors were ranked in order of priority from the perspective of the statistical community: educational and training, managerial and organizational, cultural and social, supervisory and protective. The results of the research indicate that it is necessary to focus on factors such as religious and spiritual programs and continuous educational factors, as well as improving the level of organizational justice.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of good urban governance with an emphasis on spatial justice in the five regions of Urmia. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Data collection is in the form of documents and field surveys. Data collection tools are in several forms: observation, questionnaire, interview. The statistical population of this study is the residents of 5 Regions of Urmia city. Using Cochran's formula, 384 numbers have been obtained which have been randomly distributed. To evaluate the status of good urban governance, the following indicators have been used: participation, efficiency, and effectiveness, transparency, justice and equality, accountability, responsibility, rule of law, and consensus. Data analysis was performed quantitatively using statistical methods such as one-sample t-test, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman correlation, and SPSS and GIS software to analyze the data. The results of this study indicate that based on the analysis of per capita status of service Land uses, Region 5 has gained the first rank and Region 3 has gained the last rank. According to the evaluation results of good urban governance indicators, regions one, four, and five had a higher level than the average, and regions two and three had a lower level than the average. The results of correlation evaluation between independent and dependent components indicate that there is a strong direct relationship between them. According to the ranking results of the Kruskal–Wallis test, region one has the first rank, and region two has the fifth rank. Finally, according to the results of the Spearman test, there is a direct relationship between the distribution of land uses and indicators of good urban governance.

During early adolescence, peer influences play a crucial role in shaping learning and decision preferences. When teens observe what their peers are doing, they can learn and change their behavior, especially when they are taking risks. Our study incorporated an economical behavioral task and computational modeling framework to examine whether and how early male adolescents’ risk attitudes change when they see information about their peers’ choices.

We recruited 38 middle school male students aged 12-15 years. The experiment consisted of three sessions: The first and third sessions were designed to evaluate the risk attitude of the participants. In the second session, participants were asked to guess the choices made by their peers, and then, the computer gave them feedback on the correctness of their predictions. Each participant was randomly assigned to risk-taking or risk-averse peers. 

Our results revealed that teenagers who predicted risk-averse peers exhibited significant declines in their risk attitudes during the last session. On the other hand, participants with risk-seeking peers exhibited a significantly higher level of risk attitudes after predicting their peers. The data showed that these peer-biased changes in risk attitudes are proportional to the gap between teens and their peers’ risk perspectives. Results showed that their perspectives aligned closer after receiving the information, and approximately a third of the gap was eliminated.

Here, by combining choice data and computational modeling, we demonstrate that risky behavior is contagious among male adolescents. According to our data, peer-biased risk contagion, a socially motivated and deliberate process, is associated with social distance in teens. There's no causal directionality here, but we could speculate that peer influence goes hand-in-hand with social integration as an adaptive process.

The increase in crimes and corruption in organizations has become one of the global concerns due to the alarming consequences. Using public capacity and public reporting to discover, identify and deal with crimes and corruption in the form of disclosure is one of the effective solutions. The purpose of this research is the pathology of disclosure in virtual social networks. The present research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and the use of library resources by studying the research done in this field. The findings of the research show that the disclosure that used to be done systematically and by the whistleblower guild with the emergence of social networks due to features such as ease of access, large number of audiences, anonymity of users, lack of media literacy of users and lack of validation. Data from users has given rise to second-generation disclosures. The results of the research show that the damages of the disclosure phenomenon are divided into the layers of the whistleblower, users, and the platform of social networks. Users' lack of ability to manage data, lack of understanding of the realm of privacy in social networks, republishing fake news and affecting security are some of these damages. Therefore, the new systematization of the phenomenon of disclosure in social networks can be achieved by considering the improvement of the transparency principle, strengthening the free flow of information and expanding the culture of disclosure

Access to adequate and desirable foodand nutritional health are consideredas the main axes of development and the foundation ofbreeding the next generation of the country. Rural communities playasignificant rolein ensuring the country'sfood securityby providing more than two-thirds of food.However,evidence showsthat the situation of the country's main food security providers is unfavorable,at least compared to urban communities,due to reasons that havenot been addressedso far.The present study was conducted with the generalaimof analyzing the food security situation and the factors affecting itin theruralcommunityof Bakshlochai district.The statistical population of thestudy consistsof all headsof households in51villageslocated in Bakshlochai district.Using Cochran'sformula,180 householdheadshave been selectedas the sample. Inthe quantitative part of the present study,a standard and global questionnaire of the US Department of Agriculture was used to assess food security,the validity and reliability of which have been confirmed in several studies.In the qualitative part,data collection through purposeful sampling and snowball method continueduntil the theoretical saturationstage and thecollected data were analyzed using the data theory theory(GTM).The results of thequantitative part of the research showed that food security in the study area is in unfavorable conditions.In this way,7.8%of the studied people have food security,10% in food insecurity without hunger,25% in food insecuritywith moderate hunger and 57.2% in food insecurity with severe hunger.There is no significant difference in terms of food security. Also, the results of the qualitative part f the research related to food security challengesin the studyarea showed thatthe five main food securitychallenges thatareinterrelated are:weak policy-making,weak economicconditions,inadequacies And environmental hazards,cultural barriers and social change and agricultural instability

Hearing loss is a common condition during the aging process. Improving hearing loss through hearing aids may impact satisfaction and the quality of life of elderly individuals. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the association between Hearing Aid Use Satisfaction (HAUS) and the quality of life among the elderly with hearing loss in Gorgan, Iran.

This study is a cross-sectional investigation conducted in 2019 at the health insurance office in Gorgan, Iran. The study included elderly individuals aged over 60 who were fitted with hearing aids. Sixty subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were conveniently selected. The assessment tools included a demographics checklist, the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) scale, and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-18 and involved the Chi-squared test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman correlation coefficient. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered.

The participants' mean age was 76.85±8.16, falling within the age range of 75-89. The average satisfaction score for the use of the HAUS was 63.90±11.07. A significant statistical association was observed between HAUS and economic status (P=0.03), the type of hearing aid used (P=0.024), and the level of daily hearing aid usage (P=0.0001). With an increase in the number of hours of hearing aid use, the mean satisfaction score also showed an increase. The mean score for the quality of life among the elderly individuals was 32.77±2.02, and no correlation was observed between satisfaction with HA use and quality of life (r=0.068, P=0.511).

The findings suggest that hearing aid devices can enhance the satisfaction and quality of life of elderly individuals, thereby increasing their engagement in daily activities.

What is perceived as a fundamental gap in Iran's agricultural development and following it in West Azerbaijan province is a lack of recognition and awareness of the potential of border areas in agriculture, which requires special attention. The main goal of this research is to investigate the role of the agricultural sector in the development of border towns in West Azerbaijan Province. The criteria that have been evaluated in this research include the area under cultivation of crops, the production of crops, the area under cultivation of garden crops, the production of garden crops, and the area under cultivation of greenhouse crops. The research data was collected from the statistical yearbook of the Statistics Center in 2019. The analysis of the collected data has been carried out quantitatively and through the VIKOR decision-making model, and finally, using GIS software, the stratification of the cities of West Azerbaijan province was displayed for the spatial analysis of agricultural development in the province. The results of this research show that based on the ranking of the border cities of West Azerbaijan province, Urmia City is in first place, Salmas City is in second place, Piranshahr is in third place, Khoi is in fourth place, Oshnavieh is in the fifth place, Sardasht is ranked sixth, Chalderan is ranked seventh, and Mako is ranked eighth. The status of leveling and clustering of the development of the agricultural sector of the border counties of West Azerbaijan province shows that Urmia city is in developed clustering, Salmas city is in semi-developed clustering, Piranshahr and Khoi cities are in relatively deprived clustering, and finally, Oshnavieh, Sardasht, Chalderan and Mako cities are in the deprived clustering.

Piezoelectric Microcantilevers (MCs) are efficient tools in switches of MEMS, AFMs and nano-resonators. Creating maximum vibrating motion with minimum excitation voltage is important in reducing power consumption and noise in this type of MCs. Therefore, investigating the factors affecting the excitability of MCs, as well as the degree of the effect of each of these factors, have an important role in the design and optimal selection of this type of resonators. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to investigate the excitability of this type of MCs. Modeling is conducted according to Hamilton principle and Euler-Bernoulli theory. Equation of motion was solved using Galerkin method with respect to geometrical discontinuities. Finally, eFAST sensitivity analysis was performed on excitability of MCs using statistical methods. Sensitivity analysis results show that the length and thickness of the piezoelectric layer are the most influential parameters on the excitability of MCs. At L1/L=0.74, the excitability reaches its maximum value.

Economic crimes are one of the transnational challenges. Using the capacity of public reporting to discover, identify and deal with economic crimes in the form of disclosure is one of the effective solutions. The purpose of this article is the comparative study of the disclosure phenomenon in the Law on Improving the Health of the Administrative System and Combating Corruption in Iran and the Merida Convention.

The present research has been evaluated with the analytical descriptive method and the use of library resources by studying and applying the texts and texts of the law of Iran and the United Nations.

The findings of the research show that disclosure is an important tool in the fight against economic crimes in the world. International organizations such as the United Nations seek to use the disclosure capacity by approving the Merida Convention and requiring member states.

The results of the research show that policies supporting and encouraging whistleblowers, whistleblowing paths, emphasizing the principle of transparency, free access to information and using the capacity of civil society for public reporting in order to expose economic crimes in order to deal with this social problem It is one of the effective strategies. Despite this, disclosure literature is not included in Iran's laws, but the Merida Convention seeks to institutionalize it to fight economic crimes. Iran's accession to the Merida Convention on 7/20/2017 is a positive step towards using the disclosure phenomenon. The Law on Improving the Health of the Administrative System and Combating Corruption also mentions disclosure without using this term.

Rural settlements have always faced various challenges and one of the most important approaches to these challenges is empowerment with sustainable development approach; Because neglecting to enhance its capacities and empowerment exacerbates villages' instability. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the capacities and restrictions on the empowerment of rural settlements, emphasizing sustainable development in Javanrud region and then presenting a strategy. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the collection of survey data. The statistical population of the research is comprised of 25 villages in Kalashi district. From the targeted sampling method, the villages of the top 20 households were first selected for a population threshold to receive services and then 6 villages were selected according to the distance from the city center. The sample size was calculated in these 6 villages. The research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of more than 0.70. The analysis method is based on the SWOT model and the QSPM matrix. The result showed that rural participation in any environmental risks of 0.19 weight as the most important strength; Stagnate agricultural activities and inappropriate exploitation of water and agricultural land (0.24) as the most important weakness; The commercialization of Samagh Van cultivation in employment (0.26) was recognized as the most important opportunity and emergence of environmental crises (drought, etc.) with the final rating of 0.24 as the most important threat to empowering rural settlements in the region. Also, according to the QSPM matrix, the most important strategy for empowering rural settlements, including the necessary grounds for villagers to participate in commercialization and Samagh Van development of van with a score of 0.50 and supporting people's participation in the development of Samagh Van conversion activities with 0.44 has been.

Lake Urmia has been one of the richest national parks and the most attractive natural habitat for animals, which is currently facing a water shortage and drying crisis that has had many consequences in various dimensions in the surrounding area. It can be said that the socio-economic consequences of the drying is one of the most important aspects affecting the people and settlements of the region. Indeed, with the drying up of Lake Urmia and its subsequent decline in income, investment, and employment, there are other social problems, such as the migration of people from the region and the depletion of settlements in the region, particularly rural areas that are heavily dependent on the natural environment for socio-economic aspects. And given the importance of rural areas and the importance of these areas and the pursuit of sustainable socio-economic rural development caused by natural crises, it is very important. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lake Urmia drying on socio-economic development with a case study of North Anzal Village. In this study, the statistical population was all residents of North Anzal, 328 of whom were selected as the sample population by Cochran formula and selected by random sampling method. The tools used in this study include a researcher-made questionnaire and statistics available in the field that validity and reliability of the presented questionnaire can be confirmed. Then, based on documentary statistics and statistical analysis using Pearson, regression and Friedman methods, the effect of drying Lake Urmia on socioeconomic development is investigated. The results of this study confirm the research hypotheses and have a significant impact on the drying up of Lake Urmia on socio-economic development. Consequently, to reduce the crisis caused by this phenomenon, we must control and reduce the human and natural factors affecting the drying up of Lake Urmia, and to understand the consequences of this crisis, we must be able to identify strategies to mitigate these consequences in the areas affected. To make an impact.

Development is an important issue in the policy of developing countries such as Iran. In the meantime, paying attention to low-development areas, espite the high potentials, canbe considered in the direction of sustainable development, where competitiveness as a new approach tries to identify the capabilities of regions to emerge in the field of competitiveness. In this context, given that wehave entered the era of uncertainty, in order to maintain the status of survival and continuity, it is necessary to pay attention to the conditions and contexts of competitiveness.Therefore, the present study, withthe aim of explaining the competitivenessof West Azerbaijanprovince,has triedto identify theprimary and key factors affecting the competitivenessof the province, to identify possible competitiveness scenariosin thefuture horizon, nd finally the reasons for such scenarios to decide Appropriate actiontoimprove thecompetitivenessof the province, to lead the officials. For this purpose, 54 indicators in 4 dimensionsthat have been identifiedbasedonlibrary-field studies have beenanalyzedusing micmacsoftware, ScenarioWizardand IPA model.It should be noted that since the present study was basedon experts,the research sampleof 20 people was selected in a targeted manner (snowball).Theresultsof the research show that the competitiveness patternof West Azerbaijan province hasbeenunstable and the probable situation for the future of the province's competitiveness has been compatible scenarios with unfavorable scenarios having a higher realization rate, which is why Conditions have been less attention to high-quality indicators such as(investment security, resilience to infectious diseases,branding, free competitionand meritocracy,paving theway for the development of a creative society), while emphasizing on some indicators such as monopoly of production activities, export-import have  caused cost loss.

One of the special tasks of the police is to conduct preliminary investigations to detect crimes. For this purpose, it is necessary to summon, arrest, search, arrest, etc. of the accused, at this stage, it is possible to resist the actions of the police. In this study, using the descriptive-analytical method, we have explained the concepts of resistance and the examples of Article 157 of the Islamic Penal Code regarding legitimate defense, resistance against law enforcement forces and strategies to prevent it. Police and other judicial officers can have two types of functions in performing their duties. First, their actions are within the realm of law and within the limits of their authority, and resistance at this stage is considered rebellion and the rebel is subject to punishment. Secondly, these officials have exceeded the limits of their authority and duties and are afraid of attacking the lives, honor and property of the citizens, which at this stage is considered legitimate resistance. The findings showed that by analyzing Article 157 of the Islamic Penal Code, which does not include the freedom of the body and beatings are examples of this article, and this is because the police, in order to maintain order and security in society, in some cases inevitably deprive the body of liberty. Defendants. Of course, this does not mean giving permission to officers to act illegally, which is punishable in case of illegal action. Citizens and police training and the use of appropriate equipment as well as the use of skilled and experienced personnel in missions can be provided to prevent resistance against law enforcement forces.

The risk of earthquake always influences the human communities and inflicts irreparable damages to them. Therefore, preparation against this crisis through the identification and elimination of vulnerable parts is effective in reducing the damages of earthquakes. As Iran is located on one of the two major seismic belts of the world and has many faults, the occurrence of earthquake in the Iranian plateau is natural. Iran is among the top ten countries with the highest rates of earthquakes. Urmia city, which is located on the skirts of Zagros mountain range, is not an exception in this regard, and every year many earthquakes with different intensities occur in this city. Therefore, in order to confront the foregoing issue, we need precise studies regarding construction and safety. In this study, to evaluate the rate of vulnerability to earthquakes, the effective parameters were identified and then were weighted using fuzzy hierarchical analysis. The vulnerability map was prepared using index and fuzzy logic overlay method for Urmia statistical blocks and was presented in the spatial information system environment. The obtained results indicated the vulnerability of nearly 50 percent of the city area to earthquake (i.e., 151574 m2), with .005 percent having a very high vulnerability grade and .40 percent (i.e., 11538359 m2) a high vulnerability grade to earthquake.

Heterodera schachtii is the most important nematode of sugar beet worldwide. Application of organic matter can reduce populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, the inhibitory effects of creeping thistle, tall sisymbrium, liquorice, narrow-leaf plantain, wild lettuce, castor bean, French marigold, cornflower, wild safflower and arugula on sugar beet cv. Sharif and H. schachtii were investigated in two microplot experiments. The first experiment was conducted in pasteurized mixed field soil and river sand, and the second in field soil, both with an initial population of 4200 eggs/plant. Also, the effects of the treatments on nematode egg hatching and root penetration were studied in a glasshouse experiment. The results showed that adding plant powders to pasteurized soil had no significant effect on the infected sugar beet growth indices. However, except marigold, the other treatments caused a relative increase in taproot weight of 5% to 241% compared to the control. Cornflower, wild lettuce and wild safflower increased taproot weight more than twofold compared to the control. Moreover, creeping thistle, castor bean and plantain caused a relative decrease in nematode final population and reproduction factor. In field soil, castor bean, marigold, wild lettuce, cornflower and sisymbrium increased taproot weight by at least twofold, and arugula increased sugar content by 1.2-fold. The treatments had no significant effect on the nematode indices. Plantain and wild lettuce caused a relative decrease in the nematode reproduction factor. In glasshouse experiment, wild lettuce caused the greatest reduction in egg hatching and safflower reduced nematode penetration into the roots.

Although the dilapidated and historical textures of the city were once the beating heart and the flourishing factor of the urban system, but with the isolationof these textures, the wholecity has suffered harmful effects and has become one of the biggest challenges of the city.Have been.The worn-out textures of the city can produce harmful and irreversibly severe effects.To this end, it is necessary to look at the importance / performanceof regeneration policies while looking at the regeneration of worn-out tissues, in order to identify the best programs for regenerationwhile identifying the performance gap.Based on the descriptive-analytical method,the present study has tried to analyze 40 indicators obtained based on theoretical foundations and field studies using MICMAC and ScenarioWizard software to position Indicators and their effects on each other, key factors and possible scenarios of regeneration should be identified. Also, the importance / performance of factors affecting regeneration should be analyzed using IPA model.It is necessary to explain, since the research was expert-centered, the sample was selected basedon the purposeful method(snowball)to 20 people.The resultsof the research show that the pattern of regeneration of worn-out tissues of Urmia in Mikmak environment has followeda linear trend, which indicates the instability of the regeneration situation and possible regeneration situations in the futureof this city indicate the possibility of unfavorable scenarios.Because the importanceand performance of important factors in regeneration basedon the findingsof the IPA model have showna great difference and less attention has been paid to the main factors of regeneration of worn tissues in practice.

With expansion of cyberspace, crimes in this area have also spread. The need for credibility, seizure and collection of electronic evidence has been considered in various criminal justice systems. The purpose of this article is to comparatively study and analyze the position of electronic evidence in the criminal justice systems of Iran and China. The present research employs a descriptive-analytical method in reaching its objectives. The rules and regulations governing electronic evidence in China and Iran have been studied and comparatively examined. Investigating cybercrime requires the seizure, collection and credibility of electronic evidence in the trial process. The laws and regulations of Iran and China have dealt with these issues separately and have provided solutions for criminal prosecution by criminalizing cybercrime. The criminal systems of Iran and China have adopted different regulations and laws with regard to collection, seizure and credibility of the electronic evidence according to their own needs in the society. The legal system of China is more developed than Iran as far as its technical and specialization are concerned. The legal system of Iran, in its turn, follows a human rights approach of the same and attempts at restricting the authority of the justice administration law enforcement agents by stating their duties and responsibilities. Both of the systems use police force as the responsible body for collecting, seizure and credibility of the electronic evidence.

Identifying suitable areas to provide the services needed by tourists in the form of tourist villages is one of the most important issues for tourism planners. The aim of this study was to find suitable areas in Mirabad forest located in Oshnoyeh township according to 9 effective indicators in locating tourist villages (slope, sunshine, land use, land ownership, distance from the line Forests, roads, rural settlements, fault lines and canals). The research approach is descriptive-analytical and applied. In order to analyze the suitable places for the construction of tourist villages in the study area, various GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making techniques have been used. To evaluate and standardize the criteria, the fuzzy logic method has been used, to determine the weight of the criteria and to determine the optimal locations in terms of the studied components, the pairwise comparison and TOPSIS methods have been used. By analyzing the results of the final layer output and its adaptation to the ground realities, three sites based on the degree of desirability for development and creation of a tourist village in the form of 100 by 100 meter pixels (equivalent to one hectare) are proposed and finally proposals for tourism development in the studied area was presented.

The growing development of nanobiotechnology and its applicability resulted in a wider range of use of Microcantilevers (MCs) in liquid. Considering the applications of piezoelectric MCs in the microelectromechanical systems and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), as well as the high performance of these beams, this article investigates the vibrating behavior of multilayer piezoelectric MCs with geometric discontinuity in liquid environment. Due to the extreme complexity of hydrodynamic forces introduced to MCs, this force may reduce their accuracy. As a result, the MC was considered to be semi-submerged in the liquid medium to reduce the effect of hydrodynamic force. In addition, to reduce the effect of hydrodynamic force on vibrating behavior of the MC, sensitivity analysis was performed on its geometric dimensions to obtain the optimal dimensions, aiming at minimizing the effect of this force. The differential equation of motion was derived using the Euler–Bernoulli theory and the Lagrange method. The hydrodynamic force was exerted on the MC through the sphere string model. The Simulation results indicated that due to reducing resonance frequency variations in the third vibrating mode, the effect of hydrodynamic force on vibrating motion is minimized in this mode and considered as the optimal vibrating mode among the first three modes. The sensitivity analysis results showed that the MC length and piezoelectric layer were geometric parameters with the greatest effect on frequency sensitivity of MC, which should be considered in semi-submerged piezoelectric MC design.

The purpose of this study is to determine strategies for empowering local communities in rural areas of Bazan, Javanrood County. The principal research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α <0.7). The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and it is an applied-developmental study. The required information and data were collected using documentary and field surveys by distributing the questionnaire. There are relatively good strengths and opportunities for empowering local communities in Bazan rural district: "Creating the necessary grounds for the participation of villagers in marketing and sales of handicraft products" and "Supporting the economic strength of the villagers in the form of organizations and production cooperatives" are the most important strategies proposed to empower local communities in Bazan rural areas. Establishing necessary conditions for the villagers’ involvement in marketing and sales of handicraft products is proposed as one of the strategies for empowering local communities in the rural areas. Small rural industries are feasible and have a high employment relative to investment. It is estimated that with a certain amount of investment in this category of industries, it is possible to create much more jobs than in large industries.

Reducing the damage of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii is one of the research fields in sugar beet producing countries. Using chemical fertilizers can improve soil fertility and reduce damages of plant parasitic nematodes. In this study, the effects of ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium silicate, triple superphosphate, iron sequesterine and sulfur on H. schachtii and growth parameters of susceptible sugar beet cultivar (cv Sharif) were investigated in two experiments. The first experiment was performed in plastic pots containing 6 kg of pasteurized field soil and river sand (1:1), and the second one in pots filled with 9 kg of field soil for four and five months, respectively, both under microplot conditions. Fertilizers were mixed with pots soils before sowing and the nematode was inoculated by adding 200 g of infested soil containing 18 cysts with 4200 eggs. The results showed that chemical fertilizers and sulfur did not have significant effects on growth of the infected sugar beet plants in pasteurized mixed or field soils, and some of them reduced it. In the pasteurized soil, zinc sulfate 50 kg/ha, iron sequestrene 5 kg/ha, sodium silicate 10 kg/ha and triple superphosphate 100 kg/ha caused a relative decrease of more than 67% in the nematode final population and reproduction factor. In the field soil, these indices in triple superphosphate 100 kg/ha and sulfur 100 and 200 kg/ha were lower than other treatments, but were at the same statistical level with the control. The third experiment was performed in small containers filled with infested soil to investigate the effects of treatments on nematode egg hatching in greenhouse. The results showed that the highest hatching was happened in the treatment of ammonium sulfate 200 kg/ha, which was statistically at the same level with triple superphosphate 100 kg/ha.

Natural hazards such as snow, floods and the like are considered as inevitable phenomena that are always a serious threat to human communities, especially rural communities. If these communities do not have the necessary resilience, the harmful effects of these risks will increase. If these communities do not have a secure level of resilience, the harmful effects of these risks will increase. Therefore, it is important to measure the resilience of the villagers against the natural hazards. The purpose of this study is to measure the resilience of rural settlements in case of blockage of communication roads. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Documentary and field studies have been used to collect data and information. The research area includes eleven villages in Barough rural district in Miandoab Township. According to Cochran's formula, 281 rural households were selected as the research sample and the research data were obtained with their help. The results showed that the resilience of rural settlements in Barough rural district in the event of snow cut-off of communication roads, with the exception of the physical dimension which is less than average, is at a desirable level. Also, the most important factor in increasing the resilience of the villagers when the roads are blocked due to snowfall is "increasing social participation and economic power."a

The purpose of this article is to identify the factors within the organization affecting the observance of the citizenship rights of the people accused by the employees of the Maragheh police command center. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and geodesic in terms of method. The statistical population is all employees of the Maragheh police command center. The number of samples was 108 using Morgan table and random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Intra-organizational factors are divided into four sections: managerial-organizational, cultural-social, educational- and supervisory-protective, and the items are adjusted based on them, and using the analysis of the collected data, it was determined that intra-organizational factors have a direct effect on the citizenship right of the suspects and there is a significant relationship between them. Intra-organizational factors were ranked based on the statistical perspective and they are: supervisory-protective, educational, managerial-organizational and cultural-social. No difference was observed in the views according to the level of education; but; with the increase of age factor of the employees, their responses tended towards the supervisory-protective factor. In order to respect the citizenship rights of the suspect, it is necessary to focus on factors such as supervisory bodies and public oversight, educational, cultural and social factors.