rohollah ghasemi

Uncertainty in food supply in the country has heightened the focus on the supply chain of semi-prepared foods. Like many economic sectors, the food supply chain has not been immune to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Food supply, influenced by the behaviors of governments and customers during such crises, can exacerbate uncertainties in the supply chain, underlining the need for simulating the behavior of supply chain actors. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to develop an agent-based simulation to analyze the relationships between actors in the supply chain of ready and semi-prepared foods concerning raw material imports and final product exports during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study is applied in its aim and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection, utilizing agent-based simulation techniques. The case study for simulating pandemic conditions in the supply chain is one of the ready and semi-prepared food companies in Tehran Province with a production capacity of 216,000 tons per month. To identify factors, variables, and parameters for the agent-based model, the research employed thematic analysis, reviewing prior studies, and conducting interviews with 20 industry experts from the ready and semi-prepared food sector and supply chain experts from Amadeh-Laziz Company.

The findings identified three main actors in the food supply chain that play a role in exports: “Government”  (e.g., customs, national standards organization, consumer protection organizations, industry and mining banks, Iran Chamber of Commerce-Industries-Mines and Agriculture, and the Food and Drug Administration), “Supply Chain Companies” (e.g., domestic suppliers, foreign suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors), and “Final Customers” (e.g., domestic and foreign customers). The key uncertainty identified in interviews was governmental intervention or non-intervention in exports and imports.Accordingly, two scenarios were developed: “Governmental intervention in exports and imports”, and “Lack of governmental support in exports and imports during the pandemic”. These scenarios were analyzed using agent-based simulation to examine the relationships, characteristics, and decision-making behaviors of supply chain actors. Additionally, fuzzy DEMATEL was used as a complementary method to identify the most significant relationships among actors in the ready and semi-prepared food supply chain. Simulation parameters included: Import tariffs on raw materials (%), Export tariffs on final products (%), Total monthly domestic demand (in thousand tons), Total monthly foreign demand (in thousand tons), Total monthly demand (in thousand tons), Maximum production capacity (in thousand tons).Simulation variables included: Percentage change in total costs compared to the base price, Percentage of completed domestic customer orders, Percentage of completed foreign customer orders, Total completed orders (total sales volume), Profits from the domestic market, Profits from the foreign market, Percentage of overall profitability. The simulation was performed under the two scenarios of governmental non-intervention and governmental intervention in importing raw materials and exporting final products, with emphasis on two main variables: profitability and order fulfillment rate, which encapsulate the model’s overall outcomes.

The results indicate that under the governmental intervention scenario, profitability increased by 6%, and total order fulfillment improved by 14%. Based on the defined criteria for scenario comparison, the second scenario (governmental support) provides more favorable conditions for supporting domestic production, enhancing employment levels, and ensuring food security in both domestic and international markets.

Considering the necessity of flexibility in the supply chain to manage uncertainties, this research aims to design and explain a flexibility process model for the financial supply chain in Iran's car leasing industry. 

The research method is a mixed-methods exploratory approach. First, 21 qualitative interviews were conducted. Using grounded theory, a financial supply chain flexibility model for Iran's automotive leasing industry was developed, comprising 24 sub-categories within six main categories. Next, 260 questionnaires were distributed and completed in automotive leasing companies in Iran. Structural equation modeling was then employed to conduct a path analysis of the hypotheses concerning the relationships among the model dimensions, and the validation of the model was assessed in the study.

Based on the data analysis, the causal conditions of flexibility include "expectations related to customers," "factors related to suppliers," and "motivations related to financing." The contextual factors contain "legal-regulatory factors," "financial-economic factors," "environmental factors," and "cultural-social factors." The intervening factors of financial supply chain flexibility include "ownership and shareholders of leasing companies," "communication and IT-related factors," "industry systems and infrastructure," and "transportation and logistics." The phenomenon of financial flexibility in the supply chain was defined as "financing solutions," "effective communication of supply chain elements," "factors related to the ability to credit," and "proper risk management." Additionally, the strategies for the flexibility of the financial supply chain cover "innovation and development of new products," "development of sales network and after-sales services," "development of training and service skills," and "development of cooperation between supply chains." The consequences of financial flexibility in the supply chain of leasing companies encompass "increasing the production of automotive products," "increasing the level of access to services," "easier access to financial resources," "improving the circulation of financial information," and "increasing the efficiency of the supply chain." In the quantitative part of the research, based on the results of structural equation modeling and path analysis, it was found that intervening factors affect the antecedents and strategies of flexibility. The antecedents of flexibility have an impact on attention to flexibility. Besides, dimensions such as contextual factors, attention to flexibility, and intervening factors significantly affect strategies for financial flexibility in the supply chain, which ultimately affect the consequences of financial flexibility.

To enhance the flexibility of the financial supply chain, it is advisable for companies to draw insights from successful product development experiences. Additionally, efficient management of after-sales services, building trust and establishing effective communication with customers, and upgrading employees' knowledge, experience, and skills to align with industry developments are essential factors for fostering financial flexibility in the leasing industry.

In the Industry 4.0 era, many pioneering industries are leveraging emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) as solutions in the digital age. One of the largest and most active industries in Iran is the food industry, which stands to benefit significantly from these advancements. Achieving a sustainable competitive advantage is often possible at the level of the supply chain, where companies use information and communication technologies, such as IoT, to coordinate information, finances, and materials among supply chain actors. This research aimed to identify the key success factors (KSFs) for implementing IoT in the food supply chain. Firstly, through a systematic literature review, the KSFs for IoT implementation in the food supply chain were identified. To develop a measurement model, confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling was employed, making the research applied-descriptive. A questionnaire was designed and completed by 142 members of the "Amadeh Laziz" supply chain (a case study), who were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Confirmatory factor analysis and LISREL 8.83 were then used to validate the proposed model. Finally, the cause-and-effect relationship between KSFs in IoT implementation in the food supply chain was analyzed using Grey DEMATEL. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis findings, the KSFs in implementing IoT in the food supply chain were identified as technical, economic, legal, cultural and social, security, applicability of IoT throughout the supply chain, and implementation of IoT applications. Thus, the measurement model included eight factors and 27 measures. According to the cause-and-effect relationship findings, "Implementation of IoT applications" and "Economic" factors were found to be mostly influenced, while "Applicability of IoT throughout the supply chain" and "Technical" factors were recognized as the most influential. The results of this research can guide food producers and technology policymakers in their supply chains and help avoid trial and error in IoT implementation by leveraging global and national experiences.

The main purpose of the research is to achieve a smart supply chain management model for FMCG industry in Iran. Since this research is of an exploratory mixture type, in qualitative section after reviewing the existing literature and collecting the relevant literature of the researchs, related articles identified and the obtained results analyzed by Multi-Grounded theory. After performing the meta-synthesis method, the selected articles extracted. Then after interviewing with 15 experts, the categories were coded. The result led to the extraction of the model. In the quantitative part, in order to refine the attributes, the DCSM used. Next in qualitative part, for model configuration, FsQCA method implemented. Quantitative data collected from 20 supply chain managers and experts in companies active in FMCG industry in Tehran. Based on the results obtained, the model has 6 main categories, 21 sub-categories and 113 attributes. Also, based on the results of the quantitative section, 92 attributes determined as the most appropriate attributes and then the most suitable combination of the attributes related to the paradigm model determined. The results of the research presented a conceptual model for smart supply chain management in FMCG industry in Iran, which can be used by industrialists and researchers.

Space is the dough that we,as social beings,try to build our lives in, through and around.the understanding of space has undergone several ruptures throughout the history of this concept.From Cartesian-Newtonian understanding as an absolute thing,to Leibniz's relative understanding, to Einstein's discontinuity,which led to the understanding of a relation of space.With the spatial turn of the 20th century, space/spatial matter came out of the shadow of time/historical matter.The current research is of a qualitative type,using documentary method and with a critical approach,to deeply examine the history of space-time, different paradigms in this field and their shortcomings.And finally, Latour's approach has been chosen to explain and reassembling the concept of space-time.Since space is nothing but the relationship between objects,in order to understand it accurately,we are forced to choose a paradigm that bases the ontology of a relationship at its fundamental level.Using Latour's concepts such as network, actors, the same human/non-human agency (ontological symmetry),black box, association and translation.We proposed a conceptual model that helps us in a more accurate and objective understanding of space-time.It can be said that in order to understand the space-time of a phenomenon, it is enough to examine its network .This leads us to relational ontology and flat sociology.

Roadside units are crucial elements of intelligent transportation systems that provide vehicle–vehicle and vehicle–equipment information communication. Due to the high cost of installation, the deployment of roadside units is the most critical. Aim of this study is developing a model to optimize of roadside units placement to achieve maximum coverage. A multi–objective mathematical model presented, based on the three main parameters. These parameters are traffic volume, incident rate and adjacency to important centers, which determine for alternative points. The maximum coverage problem is NP–hard. Consequently, conventional mathematical methods are not accurate for large scale problem. A meta–heuristic method based on the greedy algorithm was developed which conciders marking points as definitive–select or non–selectable. Result of the model were evaluated through testing of three scenarios, 200, 500 and 1000 meters coverage in District 5 of Tehran by using MATLAB and the best one, 1000 meters was chosen with 71% coverage. Observations showed the effect of various parameters such as equipment coverage radius, number of equipment and budget on the results of distribution. This algorithm makes it possible to solve the problem on a large scale by using the geolocation of the candidate points.

Russia's attack on Ukraine was the most important event that happened in 2022 and presented the world with a new challenge. The reactions of the countries to the Russian attack were different: the few countries allied with Russia took the side of this country, most of the countries continued to trade with Moscow despite the condemnation of the Russian attack; But the countries of the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea have imposed tough sanctions against Russia, and speculations about their function have been accompanied by many discussions and doubts. This article was written with the aim of answering this question, to check the level of resilience of Russia against Western sanctions. The findings of the research show that sanctions have not been able to force Russia to abandon the war and Putin still insists on continuing the war. These sanctions cannot spread deep poverty in this society in the near future. However, Western sanctions have negatively affected Russia's economic growth, foreign investment in this country has fallen sharply, and the export of gas and some products in Russia has also suffered a sharp decline. In general, it can be said that the sanctions have not had a significant impact on the economy and the standard of living of the Russian people in the short term, but in the long term it may have consequences for Russia, however, it will not change the behavior of this country at the international level.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model to explain the functions of the Project Management Office (PMO) of City Knowledge (CK) and prioritize their functions based on the importance-performance status.

The method of this research, In terms of purpose, is functional. In terms of data collection tools, it is descriptive (non-experimental). According to comprehensive literature review regarding to PMO functions, 28 main functions of the CK are identified. Questionnaires are designed and distributed among managers, consultants, facilitators and senior experts of City of Knowledge after content validity and reliability. The data are analyzed using structural equation modeling after measuring the construct validity by exploratory factor analysis. Then the best-worst method is used to prioritize the functions and sub-functions of the model. Then, the performance of each functions is obtained by conducting a survey of experts in the PMO of City of Knowledge. Finally, the functions of the PMO are prioritized using the importance‐performance analysis.

Based on the research findings, 7 functions with 28 sub-functions explain the conceptual model of the research. Also, based on the findings of  the importance‐performance analysis , design and documentation of project management system in the form of process diagrams, procedures and instructions, uniform formats and standard formats, transparency and clarity of information provided in project planning and organization, providing training services in the field of concepts Processes-Methods and tools of project management, design and development and deployment of project management information systems in the organization, participation in evaluating the performance of project managers, and project management teams are the first priority of improvemen.

Originality/Value:

 In this study, a model for assessing the prioritize of functions of the PMO to create an innovation center is presented. The proposed framework could be a good guideline for universities' policymakers to proceed with development projects and be a suitable model for others to benchmark development plans.

Socialization is one of the five stages of the Islamic Revolution process, The main purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and factors affecting jihadist socialization in the second step of the Islamic Revolution, the thoughts and statements of the Supreme Leader are the most important source of research, the main method of research is content analysis. In addition to content analysis, we have used the historical method for empirical study of the first step. In the theoretical part, after examining the situation of the modern nation-state and its challenges in the current situation of the world, we dealt with theories specific to the nation-state of Iran. We criticized the ideas of thinkers such as Katozian, Abrahamian, Tabatabai and Ashraf. The point of commonality and the main critique of their theories is the commonality of the Orientalist approach. An approach that bases the historical study of Iran on the history and the path taken by Europe and the West. In order to reach the theoretical-conceptual framework of jihadi socialization, we extracted the basic values of the second step from the statement of the second step. The values of justice and the fight against corruption; Independence and freedom are the core values of the second step. Factors to achieve these values are also committed human resources; It is a resistance economy and science and research. In the experimental study of the factors in the first step, we addressed the issues and harms of these factors.

In this article, the policymaking of higher education in the 2000s in Iran and the commodification of knowledge are discussed. The main indicator of the commodification of knowledge is defined in the type of financial relationship between the student and the university. The more the university's funding and expenses are financed by the student, the more commoditization has occurred. The research method for this study was historical-documentary, and data was collected by referring to first-hand or second-hand sources. The findings of this study showed: During the 2000s, the amount of student enrollment in the tuition fee section has increased by 146%. While in the free tuition section, only 32% increase in the amount of student recruitment has taken place. In explaining the causes of commodification of knowledge in the 2000s, there are two main reasons that together explain the situation. The first factor is higher education and privatization policymaking, and downsizing of the government after the revolution. The second factor is the increase in the age range of applicants for higher education in the 2000s.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution affected all industries and transformed the digital, cyber, and real worlds in the supply chains of corporations. Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the emerging technologies that mostly manifests the fourth industrial revolution. As the future of the food industry is tied to the design and management of supply chains enabled by technologies such as the IoT, this paper is to provide a model for developing an IoT-based intelligent transportation technology roadmap based on alternative IoT scenarios in the food-producing cold supply chain.

In this study, scenarios were developed using qualitative methods such as the PESTEL framework and content analysis, based on the critical uncertainty method or GBN, through open semi-structured interviews with experts in the food industry and IoT. After identifying the best IoT technology stock for each selected scenario, a roadmap was developed using the T-plan quick-start method during a tow-day-interactive workshop.

Communication infrastructure and time horizon of technology development were recognized as the most important uncertainties for applying IoT technology in refrigerated transportation of food cold supply chain in producing companies. Finally, “Mutation Alone” and “Ascent Slow” scenarios were selected and technology roadmaps were developed for each scenario in three layers.

Food companies with cold supply chains can use one of the roadmaps presented in this paper as guidelines to equip their transport fleet with IoT technology based on their current situation and choose one of the two selected scenarios. This would enable them to plan, control, and manage the cold transportation chain process by digitally monitoring, tracing, and information sharing in an efficient and effective way.

Bacillus anthracis is the cause of the fatal anthrax. Available anthrax vaccines have low stability and require multiple injections in order to be effective. Poly lactic acid (PLA) has been approved as a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer for drug and vaccine delivery applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antibody titer against the protective antigen recombinant protein (PA63) encapsulated by the mPEG-PLA double-block copolymers and to compare with the non-encapsulated PA63. To attain this purpose, to start, the desired protein was purified and confirmed and then PA63 was encapsulated with mPEG-PLA double-block copolymers using a water- oil- water solvent evaporation method. Produced nanoparticles was characterized in terms of morphological specifications using scanning electron microscopy, size and polydispersity index using dynamic light scattering and zeta potential using a zeta seizer. The synthesized nanoparticle antigenic content and also its antigen release profile was measured. In the following, the nanoparticles containing antigens (PA63-NPs), blank nanoparticles (mPEG-PLA- NPs), PA63 and adjuvant control were injected subcutaneously to mice and the IgG polyclonal antibody titr was measured by indirect ELISA. Finally to evaluate biocompatibility and toxicity, synthesized nanoparticles were investigated  by cell culture testing.  The results of this study showed that the synthesized nanoparticles are of good quality. ELISA results showed that antibody production titr in mice receiving PA63-NPs was higher than those receiving the PA63 (P<0.05). Cell culture results revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles have no toxicity. The findings of the study indicated that the obtained nano vaccine formulations had a higher ability than non-encapsulated recombinant proteins to stimulate the immune system of animal, and that PLA could be used as an appropriate carrier for an effective, stable, safe and biodegradable engineered recombinant vaccine against anthrax.

The Internet of things (IoT) is a new technology that expanding rapidly and has led to the emergence of new services in the banking industry. Although IoT is an emerging technology in Iran, it is expected to become a paradigm in the future. IoT applications in banking have helped to provide high quality and fast responses to customers anytime, anywhere. This research aims to identify and prioritize IoT applications in the Iranian banking industry based on business continuity indicators. First, based on the comprehensive literature review and practical experiences, IoT applications in the banking industry are identified. Then, each indicator's weight was calculated using the Grey Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL). Finally, IoT-based applications in the Iranian banking industry have prioritized using the multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). Due to the unstable economic conditions for the financial sector, business continuity indicators are employed in this study. Also, the reason for using MAUT is to consider the utility of banking experts for performing IoT banking services. According to results, IoT-based services in the banking industry, including Transmit instant reports, smart ATMs, non-contact electronic payments, and electronic checks, are identified for Iranian banks. Then, These appropriate services are prioritized with the capabilities of Iranian banks.

In today's world, the Internet of Things (IoT), which is a fairly new technology, has become a popular topic for discussion. Meanwhile, the increasing demand for personalized healthcare with the assistance of new technologies has created new applications called e-health IoT applications; however, researchers are still attempting to find its applications, therefore they have not been able to focus on comparing these applications. We have aimed at understanding the benefits of e-health IoT applications in comparison to one another. Therefore, this study is an attempt to provide a list of e-health IoT applications for individuals and to prioritize them. The Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method has been used, which is a method for Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and a useful tool for prioritizing multiple alternatives based on criteria. Eight important criteria, based on a comprehensive literature review and experts’ opinions, were determined. Then, by using the FAHP method, the weight of each criterion was calculated. As a result, seven applications identified for individuals were prioritized based on the weight of each criterion and the score of each application in each criterion. Health Effectiveness, Empowerment, Safety, Privacy, and Peace of Mind are the most important criteria in e-health IoT applications for individuals; Cost Saving, round-the-clock Access, and Time-Saving are in the next levels of importance. The results also show that Chronic disease management, Medication reminders, Health monitoring, Air quality, Fall detection, Sleep control and Fitness were respectively ranked as first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh among the IoT applications.

Literary text always reflects the idea of writers and poets. In these taxes are used common themes such as freedom, justice, fighting oppression. In addition it is formed highlighting the literary texts and messages up human dignity, a special genre of literature known as the conceptual components of conflict and resistance. Some Motif or repetitive elements, components accompanied concept. “Children” as a motif is selected that repeatedly Lyrics resistance for display. Repeat this element is trying represents the poet to convey certain thoughts related to this issue. To achieve this certainty scratch resistance poems in three languages, Persian, Arabic and French, selected and assigned components of the concept of resistance, the relationship of the “Children” as a motif and cookies is analyzed with these components. The results matched elected in three languages, show competence in the use of intellectual poets in the poetry of resistance “Children” as a motif and is very close to each other. Among the factors studied these motifs have been obvious with the emotional abuse and aspirations role.

Iran’s national income has been relied substantially on oil since 1960s. This study examines the state’s policy-making on bureaucracy institution in two varying time periods: 1972–1976 and 2004 –2009. These are two time periods that represent fundamental differences from historical, ideological and structural perspectives. Accordingly, this study examines whether the effects of oil income on state’s policy-making in bureaucracy institution vary across these two time periods. Theoretically, the present study is based on the weak state theory developed by Karl Lynn Terry. It refers to the state’s weak institutional frameworks and the lack of efficient infrastructures established over a long historical time. Methodologically, this study employs the comparative retrospective method and uses the technique of path dependency and the method of agreement table developed by Mill in order to compare research findings.
According to the results of this study, there are almost similar patterns of state’s policy-making on bureaucracy institution in two varying time periods: 1972–1976 and 2004 –2009. Further, the results from a historical perspective indicate that the weak state is the most important factor, while the partial effect of two other factors, including the presence of rentier state and the spectacular increase in oil price, should be also taken into account.

The general concern about supplying food is one of the important issues before an earthquake happens. This research aims to present a conceptual model for “humanitarian supply chain practices to supply food before an earthquake” and prioritizing its practices. This research is applied in nature and it is descriptive regarding the tools and instruments of data collection. After reviewing the related literature and interviewing some experts, 7 criteria and 19 sub-criteria were identified. Then the questionnaire was distributed among the related managers, experts, and academics and 281 questionnaires were completed and gathered. This measuring model was tested according to Structuring Equation Modeling. Furthermore, Fuzzy AHP was used to weight the importance of each practice and its dimensions. Our findings showed that “Monitoring”, “Education”, and “Readiness for logistics and distribution” are the most important dimensions of our conceptual model. So, we used one sample t-test to measure the performance of each practice. Finally, importance-performance matrix was used for prioritizing the practices. We hope that our results will be a good guidance for managers and decision makers of humanitarian supply chain for better understanding of food supplying practices before an earthquake.

IntroductionCold and freezing stress is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect the growth and yield of crops. One of the important processes in plant resistance to cold stress is known to acclimatize. In this process, the internal mechanisms of plants causes higher resistance to freezing stress after exposure to temperatures close to zero. Low temperature stress induce or inhibit the expression of certain genes. P5CS protein and transcription factor DREB (CBF) play an important role in adaptation and cold tolerance in plants. P5CS activates the enzymes in proline synthesis pathway and cause accumulation of this substance in plant that protects membranes and proteins against different effects of high concentrations of inorganic ions and high and low temperatures. Also DREB proteins with a conserved sequence bind to specific DNA sequences upstream of responsible genes in resistance to cold stress and leads to their expression. In this study the expression of P5CS and (DREB1)CBF genes that have an important role in the face of many plants to freezing and cold stress were examined in chickpea in both resistant and susceptible genotypes and used of Real time PCR method to evaluate the expression of these genes under stress and non-stress.
Materials & MethodsIn the first experiment, the expression pattern of P5CS and CBF (DREB1) genes were evaluated at normal (23°C), acclimation (10°C) and freezing (-10°C)temperatures in two resistant (MCC426) and susceptible (MCC505) genotypes of chickpea, in two organs (leaf and stem). Briefly pots containing plants of both genotypes stored at 23°C for two weeks. After this period, plants are divided into two parts, half remained in the normal conditions and the other half were transferred to 10°C for cold acclimation. After 10 days, seedlings of normal and acclimation conditions transferred to a thermogradient freezer and after 15 minutes at -10°C, sampling was carried out from the leaves and stems. The simultaneous sampling of the control plants (normal conditions) were also done. After RNA extracting from samples and determine the concentration and quality by nanodrop and treatment with DNase I enzyme, cDNA synthesis was performed. After designing appropriate primers, the PCR process was optimized and Real time PCR was performed under optimized process conditions and gene expression levels were calculated. In the Second experiment free proline changes of seedlings in the acclimation phase were evaluated. Briefly after transferring of plants in the acclimation conditions, amount of proline at them were measured at appropriate intervals after exposure in acclimation conditions.
Results & DiscussionResults of analysis showed that the expression of these genes were significantly higher in resistant genotype than the susceptible one. Because of these genes are the important factors in plant resistance to stress especially cold and freezing stress, this can confirm that MCC426 genotype is resistant and MCC505 genotype is sensitive to cold. Also the interaction of genotype and organ sample in the control condition showed significant difference only for expression of P5CS gene. Since this gene is an important gene in freezing and cold stress, increased expression of this gene in MCC426 genotype that is resistant to cold not unexpected. But expression of CBF gene occurred only after cold stress induction and in the absence of stress is poor expression. In addition, it was revealed that the interaction of genotype and acclimation treatment on CBF genes in both genotypes had significant differences, but in P5CS gene only in MCC426, this trend was observed. However, changes of free proline as one of the mechanisms of cell protection in acclimation period in both genotypes showed that proline contents of MCC426 in response to acclimation treatment was gradually increased, but this increase in MCC505 genotype occurred during the early stages of acclimation, and proline has decreased over time.
ConclusionAccording to the results, it generally seems, one of the main reason for tolerance to chilling is the high expression levels of the mentioned genes during chilling and freezing stress and therefore it can be used for inducing freezing tolerance into sensitive plants.

This study intends to identify the dimensions and components of the humanitarian supply chain in post-disaster of earthquake and present conceptual model to measure it. After designing the questionnaire and determine its validity and reliability, the questionnaire was distributed between managers and rescuers in partner organizations in helping in earthquakes affected areas Bam in Kerman, Varzaqan-Ahar in east Azerbaijan and Dashti in Boshehr and finally the 284 questionnaires were completed by managers and rescuers in the case studies. Confirmatory factor analysis in order to assess the content validity of the questionnaire is used first, and then to evaluate the importance and performance of these measures in relevant organizations, the one sample t-test method was conducted, and with the help of importance-performance matrix, areas for improvement of components and dimensions are identified and strategies to improve humanitarian supply chain performance in post-disaster of earthquake was presented.
Therefore, the research method is applied and in terms of gathering information tool is descriptive-correlation. The findings indicate, the components of ““supervision of custodian organizations on construction” and “Coordination between partners in rebuilding” were evaluated high importance and low performance and were located in critical area and they are in the first priority. Also, the components of “Correct assessment of damages and needed Equipment and resources for rebuilding” and “provide continuous psychological support and advice to Survivors” were evaluated in high importance and high performance and they are in the next priority.

Economics of education which investigates economic issues related to education - presents a framework which leads to better schedules and policy-making. On the other hand, the concept of competitiveness has drawn increasing attention of both scholars and governors in the past decade. The World Economic Forum (WEF) has published Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) in order to measure national competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction between the two sets of ‘Higher Education and Training’ (One of the pillars of GCI) and ‘Business sophistication’ both of which have been addressed by education of economics and not been profoundly investigated. To achieve the research aims, a descriptive correlational study has been used. The sample is 144 countries whose data were included in 2014-2015 report. Moreover, a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been employed to investigate the interaction between two sets of ‘Higher education and training’ and ‘Business sophistication’. The findings of the research revealed that a significant and positive relationship between two sets and more than 77.85% of changes in ‘Business sophistication’ can be predicted by changes in ‘Higher education and training’. In ‘Higher education and training’ sub-indexes ‘Local availability of research and training services’, ‘Extent of staff training’, ‘Internet access in schools’, and ‘Quality of management schools’ had the highest effect in creating this relationship.

Pay attention to health care sector is one of the areas of sustainable development in the countries. Internet of Things technology in the health sector has wide variety of applications that was not investigated in Iran. This paper aims to prioritize the applications of internet of things in the healthcare sector in Iran in order to achieve sustainable development. This research is applied and its research method is descriptive. Because of using Fuzzy AHP for ranking alternatives, our research is a single cross-survey. After collecting the agreement paired comparisons questionnaires, weights of criteria were determined and applications of Internet of things in healthcare were prioritized. Our findings show that economic prosperity and quality of life are the most important criteria for sustainable development of Internet of things in healthcare sector in Iran. Also, “Chronic disease management”,“patient surveillance”, “hygienic hand control”, and “fall detection” are the most important priorities for the use of internet of things in healthcare sector in Iran.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of prebiotic MHF-Y on productive performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of 144 Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens at 32 wk of age were allocated to 4 experimental treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 6 hens per replicate. Hens were reared at standard conditions for 6 week and provided a standard basal diet (ME =2720 kcal/kg and CP=145 g/kg) with no additives as control and basal diet supplemented with 0.075, 0.15 or 0.225 % prebiotic MHF-Y. During the experimental period, productive performance for each treatment was recorded and at the end of trial, 18 eggs were also taken from each treatment for determination of egg quality parameters. The egg production, feed intake, egg mass and feed conversion ratio were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary prebiotic supplementation. However, egg weight was higher (P=0.04) in hens fed 0.15 % prebiotic diet compared to other experimental groups. Although, egg index, Haugh unit and yolk colour were also not affected (P>0.05) due to prebiotic supplementation, eggshell weight and thickness were higher (P<0.05) in hens fed 0.15 % prebiotic compared to other experimental groups.

The aim of this study was to investigate educational philosophy and philosophical mindedness of Iranian physical education and sports science lecturers (state-run Universities and Islamic Azad Universities). 150 questionnaires were randomly distributed among them, 123 filled questionnaires returned and finally 98 were confirmed. Two major instruments of Philosophy Preference Assessment (PPA) constructed by Wiles and Bondi (2010) with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.859, and Philosophical Mindedness (PM) constructed by Soltani (1996) with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86 based on Smith model were used to examine the research hypotheses. The results showed that experimentalism and realism were the first and second educational philosophy of Iranian physical education lecturers, respectively (p = 0.001). Also, comprehensiveness, penetration, and flexibility are the first, second, and third philosophical mindedness preference, respectively (p = 0.001). It is difficult for many people to build their beliefs based on a philosophical thought and special philosophical principles therefore eclecticism is the combination of concepts from philosophical aspects in form of a harmonic belief. Thoughtful combination of beliefs builds a mature philosophical viewpoint. Also, it seems that it is necessary for lecturers to have comprehensiveness, penetration, and flexibility equally and consonantly, so we can say that they were equipped with philosophical mindedness.

The concept of competitiveness has attracted abundant attentions of both scholars and governors during the past decade. During this period، the world economic forum has published its annual reports which encompass Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) in order to measure national competitiveness in different countries. This paper aims at investigating the interaction between the two sets of “Technological readiness” and “Macroeconomic environment” as the two basic pillars of national competitiveness in order to provide information for improving national competitiveness in countries which are transiting from stage I to stage II of deveopment. In our study، we used descriptive-correlation methodology. The statistical population was 139 countries whose GCI data were included in GCI 2010 report. Also، we employed Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to investigate interaction between two sets of “Technological readiness” and “Macroeconomic environment”. Our findings show that there is a significant and positive relationship between the set of “Technological readiness” and that of “Macroeconomic environment”.

This study was an attempt to provide a conceptual model for indentifying the main dimensions of “sport participation of adults with cerebral paralysis (CP)” and also to assess the importance of any of the identified factors. Therefore, first, considering the previous studies and the views of experts in this area, 15 influential variables were identified as affecting sport participation of adults with cerebral paralysis. Questionnaires were distributed to adults with cerebral paralysis for collecting the related data. Factor analysis was used to categorize these factors in the framework of main factors. For prioritizing the variables, another questionnaire including paired comparison tables was developed and the resulting data from this questionnaire were analyzed using GAHP approach to rank or prioritize the identified variables affecting sport participation of adults with cerebral palsy. The findings of this study provided a guideline for the authorities, coaches and teachers giving them a better understanding of the factors affecting the sport participation of adults with cerebral paralysis and the level of importance of any of these factors.