s .shahbazi

Hairy vetch (vicia villosa) is suitable winter crop for cold drylands because of its specific characteristics especially for its cold tolerance. Gholshan cultivar has been derived and released through individual selection within local hairy vetch landraces. Initially, 105 single plants collected from vetch landraces in Kurdistan, Zanjan and east Azarbaijan provinces were evaluated and cold tolerant genotypes in autumn planting were selected for further investigations. After elementary and advanced trials in Maragheh and Qorveh, 12 superior lines were identified and then were studied in terms of adaptability and yield stability at Maragheh, Qorveh and Oroumieh research stations. The results showed that Vv-Zanjan Sel 4 had the lowest mean rank and stanrdard deviation over all environments and with 3057 kgha-1 dry forage yield was the most stable cultivar over studied environments. Studies in the Hashtrood and Charoymagh on-farm trials showed that Vv-Zanjan Sel 4 had 20% higher dry forage compared to the control cultivar. The plant height of new cultivar was 10 cm higher than gholsefid control. There were no symptoms of fusarium wilt and/or ascochita blight on this cultivar during the elementary and advanced field trials. It was concluded that Vv-Zanjan sel 4 is a suitable winter crop for cold and semi-cold drylands because of its higher forage yield and stability and therefore it was released as cv. Gholshan.

Cellulases and xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes that randomly cleave the β-1, 4 backbones of the cellulose and arabinoxylans of wheat flour and are widely used in the bakery industry as a dough texture improver in the formulations of flour products. Creating novel sources of a microbial strain using induced gamma irradiation can increase enzyme production for bakery industrial usage. According to this, Co60 gamma irradiation has been used to develop a mutant strain of Trichoderma afroharzianum. Trichoderma mutants were isolated, and the qualitative and quantitative screening were used to evaluate the extracellular enzyme production with the wheat bran waste as a substrate. The best Trichoderma mutant isolate was identified using the DNA barcoding method. The highest xylanase activities were observed in the superior mutant isolate of Trichoderma afroharzianum NAS107-M82, which is approximately 3.3 times higher than its parent strain. The electrophoretic pattern of proteins showed that the exo-glucanase I, endo-glucanase III, and the xylanase I enzymes hydrolyzed the wheat bran, synergistically. Overall, gamma irradiation-induced mutation could be an expedient technique to access such superior mutants for the bioconversion of wheat bran wastes to xylanase enzyme.

Sewage sludge is an inevitable byproduct of wastewater treatment plants and an important source of essential plant nutrients and with inactivation of its pathogenic microorganisms by gamma radiation can be recycled as soil organic fertilizer. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the sludge treatment by gamma irradiation with/without pasteurization on the removal of main indicators pathogenic in the South of Tehran waste water treatment plant sludge (WWPTs). The bacterial indicators of such as Fecal Coliform, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia (E. coli) were examined with gamma irradiation (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 kGy), pasteurization (70 and 180 ° C) and their combination. The count of some pathogenic bacteria was more than the standard and limited in its use as organic fertilizer, until they were not placed in class B and P3 according to the American standard and the Iranian standard (respectively). Application of gamma irradiation at least 10 kGy dose, alone, and combination of gamma irradiation (at least 10 kGy) and pasteurization were sufficient for complete inactivation of four pathogenic bacteria indicators, However, the pasteurization methods alone were not abled for removal them, completely. Generally, gamma irradiation of sewage sludge to produce organic soil fertilizer singly is in accordance with national and international standards and is sufficient and cost-effective compared to the combination of two methods.

The occurrence of salinity in Iran's agricultural soils is a growing problem and can cause a yield loss in the production of many products, including beans. Bio-priming with microorganisms tolerant to salinity stress (such as Trichoderma) is one of the biocompatible and effective solutions to solve this problem. The salinity treatment used in this study (NaCl 100 mM) is doubling the tolerance threshold of the bean plant and the effect of biopriming with Trichoderma (wild-type and mutant) isolates has been investigated compared to the control plant. In order to increase tolerance to salinity in Iranian Trichoderma, mutation induction method using gamma radiation (250 Gy) was used in this research. Growth components, germination, allometric index, seedling tissue water, and vigor were measured at seedling stage. Results from analysis of variance and comparison of the average showed that biological priming of beans with Trichoderma (wild type and mutant) fungal species had a significant advantage over control of salinity stress. However, the modulating effect of salt stress was greater in seeds inoculated with mutant species than in their wild type.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a health education program on empowering mothers to prevent home accidents among rural children under five years old in Ilam County.

This research was a randomized controlled trial involving 88 mothers with children under five years old attending healthcare houses in Ilam County in 2022-2023 who were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. A one-month online educational intervention was implemented for the intervention group using the WhatsApp application, while the control group received no education. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing the constructs of the health belief model regarding home accidents in children, completed online by the participants at baseline and three months later. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software, employing an independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test.

No significant difference was found between the two groups in the mean scores of the health belief model constructs regarding preventing home accidents in the pre-test phase (p>0.05). The results of the independent sample t-test showed a significant increase in the mean scores of health belief model constructs in the intervention group compared to the control group after a three-month follow-up (p<0.05).

Designing interventions based on the health belief model effectively empowers mothers to prevent accidents in rural children under five years old.

Pituitary dysfunction is one of the complications associated with head and neck radiation therapy. Here, radiobiological and artificial neural network (ANN) models were used to estimate the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of the pituitary gland.

Fifty-one adult patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and brain tumor were studied. Two radiobiological models of Lyman Kutcher Burman (LKB), log-logistic, and ANN were employed to calculate the NTCP of the pituitary gland for all patients. BIOPLAN and MATLAB softwares were used for all calculations. The necessary parameters for each radiobiological model were calculated using Bayesian methods. R2 (coefficient of determination) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) parameters were used for the ANN method to get the best estimate. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) were used to compare the models.

The respective mean NTCPs for nasopharyngeal patients with LKB and log-logistic models were 54.53% and 50.83%. For brain tumors, these values were 62.23% for LKB and 53.55% for log-logistic. Furthermore, AIC and AUC values for LKB were 77.1 and 0.826 and for log-logistic were 71.9 and 0.902, respectively. AUC value for ANN was 0.92.

It can be deduced that LKB and log-logistic methods make reliable estimations for NTCP of the pituitary gland after radiotherapy. Moreover, the ANN approach as a novel method for NTCP calculations performed better than the two conventional analytical models as its estimations were much closer to the clinical data.

Fusarium infection in carnation is the most important limiting factor for carnation production. We isolated 38 fungal isolates from infected carnation plants collected from Mahallat, Iran, and 15 Fusarium species were identified morphologically. Isolates of J14, k5, and k72 were the most pathogenic isolates in pathogenicity test on White Liberty cultivar. Molecular identification of J14, k5, and k72 isolates was done based on Elongation Factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) gene. To investigate the effect of Trichoderma and some of its mutants on reducing the Fusarium infection, six wild type isolates were examined. The species of T. harzianum, T. virense, and T. ghanens showed more inhabitation potential and were chosen for induced mutation via gamma irradiation at 250 Gy. The number of 270 mutants were screened morphologically and 60 mutants were screened using dual culture against J14, k5, and k72. Morphological and molecular identification of J14, k5, and k72 isolates recognized them as F. oxysporum. Three mutants, i.e. ThM7(67.17%), TgM1 (59.45%), and TvM17(57.55%) showed the highest efficacy and were selected. Evaluation test of efficacy in greenhouse by mixture of T. harzianum, T. virense and T. ghanens (TW) and mixture of mutant isolates ThM7, TgM1, and TvM17 (TM) showed that biological method had higher ability to control Fusarium infection on carnation plants in greenhouse condition, and mutation had no adverse effects on plants. The results of this experiment proved that the use of mutation in the Trichoderma genome with the use of gamma radiation could be an effective way to achieve isolates with better performance in this bio-control agent.

The role of extracellular enzymes in mycoparasitism of Trichoderma spp. have been demonstrated in several cases. Trichoderma spp . produces several chitinolytic enzymes and this fungus is known as a powerful antagonist against Macrophomiona phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot disease of soybean. In this study, two–dimensional protein pattern analysis and chitinaseactivity evaluation were performed for an Iranian Trichoderma koningii strain (NAS–K1) and its generated mutants were measured to indicate the potential role of endochitinases (N–acetylglucosam–inidase (NAG–I and NAG–II)) in its mycoparasitism. The results of chitinase activity assay using chitin and cell walls of M. phaseolina as substrates showed that the mutant isolates have significantly more enzyme activity compared to the wild type strain. The specific endochitinase enzyme activity in the mutant NAS–K1M25 was increased to approximately 2.5 times more and secreted three times more endochitinase than that of the wild type strain. This superior mutant showed up to 65% growth inhabitation against M. phaseolina in dual culture test (five times more than the wild type strain). Moreover, this strain showed sharper spots belong to endochitinase, and N–acetylglucosaminidase (I & II) presented in SDS–PAGE and 2D electrophoresis. Overall, induced mutation by gamma irradiation could be a useful method to develop such superior mutants, and the mutant NAS–K1M25 could be used as a potential biological control agent candidate for plant disease management programs of M. phaseolina. However, more detailed fermentation, formulation and field trial studies should be performed to finalize its biocontrol potentials.

Managerschr('39') decision making as one of the management skills has always been considered as a major factor in the progress of organizations. Accordingly, identification of the effective factors on it is essential. By understanding this, aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the ethical climate of the organization and the decision making of managers with the mediating role of personal knowledge management.

The research method is descriptive- correlation. The statistical population consisted of all the managers and staff of Razi University of Kermanshah. 195 persons were selected by stratified random sampling method, proportional to the volume of each class. Data were collected by three questionnaires; organizational ethical climate, decision-making of managers and personal knowledge management. Data were analyzed through Pearson corelation and path analysis by LISREL and SPSS.

The results of the study showed that the relationship between dimensions of the ethical climate of the organization and the personal knowledge management was positive and significant, mediating role of personal knowledge management in the relationship between social responsibility and decision making by managers was positive and significant.

In order to improve decision making, managers should pay attention to the ethical climate of the organization and the personal knowledge management.

One of priming methods to increase seed germination and seedling growth is gamma irradiation. In the present research, effects of various doses of gamma ray on germination and vegetative traits of cereals, legumes and vegetables were investigated. Irradiation was carried out using gamma cell with 60Co source of 7.8×102 Ci, with irradiation velocity of 0.087 g.s-1 in four levels (10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy) in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The results showed that germination in wheat, corn, chickpea, and tomato seeds had positive reaction to low doses of gamma radiation; However, bean and onion seed germination decreased with increasing germination dose. In mungbean, cucumber, and lettuce seeds, germination percentage increased for higher doses. The response of different seeds to gamma radiation levels is different, and for some seeds such as wheat, corn, mungbean, chickpeas, tomatoes, and cucumbers, priming with gamma irradiation can be used to increase the percentage of germination and seedling growth. In other vegetative traits no increment was observed in beans, onions, and mungbean, compared to control but the seeds of chickpeas, wheat, corn, cucumber, lettuce, and tomato increased compared to control and showed a positive reaction to priming with gamma irradiation.

Diode laser is a great choice for soft tissue surgery. The diode laser is partially absorbed by hard dental tissues, making it safe for soft tissue surgery. This study aimed to compare the tissue thermal changes induced by three types of diode lasers at 810, 940, and 980nm wavelengths.

In this in-vitro experimental study, using a diode laser device (continuous mode with a 400μm fiber tip) at each of the 810, 940, and 980nm wavelengths and powers of 1, 2, and 3W in contact mode, incisions with the length of 2cm were made on pieces of meat over a period of 10 seconds. The primary and secondary temperatures were measured using a thermocouple. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Tissue temperature changes induced by diode laser at 810nm/3W were significantly greater than that of 2W power. These changes were higher with 2W of power compared to 1W (P<0.05). Temperature changes induced by diode laser at 940nm/2 and 3W were significantly greater than that of 1W power (P<0.05). Temperature changes induced by diode laser at 980nm/3W were significantly greater than that of 2W power. Tissue temperature changes were higher with 2W of power compared to 1W (P<0.05).

Diode laser (continuous mode with a 400µm fiber tip) at 3W of power and 980nm wavelength caused the highest rate of thermal changes. The 810nm diode laser with the power of 1W caused the slightest heat changes in the soft tissue.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of verbal creativity storytelling and phonological awareness of dyslexic students which was done by a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with control group. The sample included 28 dyslexic male students who completed the third elementary school in the academic year of 2018 selected through convenient sampling from the centers of diagnosis and treatment of state and private learning disorders in the cities of Tehran, Shahryar and Karaj. The students were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups of 14 people. The instruments used in this research were Dastjerdi and Solaymani Phonological awareness and Torrance Creativity Test of Verbal Section (Form A). The data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The results indicated that the method of storytelling was based on the overall score of verbal creativity, the score of each of the subscales (originality, fluency and flexibility), the overall score of phonological awareness, and the score of its levels (syllabic, intra-syllabic and phonological awareness). These have been effective and led to higher scores. Based on the findings of the study, the storytelling method is effective in improving the performance of dyslexic students.

To study the effect of drought stress on some grain sorghum lines, a split plot experiment based on complete randomized block design with three replications was conducted during 2007-8 at the Agriculture Research Field of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran. Irrigations after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from the pan were assigned to main plots and seven lines of grain sorghum to sub plots. Multivariate analysis of variance was fulfilled for fixation of type Ι error. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among lines and irrigations for most of the traits. Based on mean comparison, KGS5 and KGS15 showed the highest means for most of the yield related traits. Path analysis was conducted by using the stepwise regression on mean of irrigation levels. Results showed that panicle length and 1000 kernel weight were the most effective components on grain yield.