s. akbari

Aphis gossypii Glover. is one of the most important pests of Cucurbitaceae family. Nowadays, control of the pest population using the environmentally compatible compounds has been increased. In this study, fumigant toxicity of different concentrations and time intervals of Achillea millefolium L. and Mentha pulegium L. essential oils (EO) was studied in a completely randomized design on adults of mentioned pest. Also, sublethal effects of EOs were evaluated on life table parameters of adult aphids. The results showed that these plants EOs caused significant mortality of adult insects. LC50 of A. millefolium and M. pulegium EOs on A. gossypii were 34.90 and 23.34 µl.l-1 of air, respectively. LT50 of EOs were obtained 12.30 h in 34.90 µl.l-1 of air concentration of A. millefolium EO and 12.02 h in 23.34 µl.l-1 of air concentration of M. pulegium EO. Intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) as the most important life table parameter of the pest was obtained 0.28 (female/female/day: the number of female individuals produced per female each day) in the M. pulegium EO treatment and 0.27 (female/female/day) in the A. millefolium EO one, which had a significant decrease compared to control (0.34). The study results of sublethal effects of these two essential oils on population growth parameters indicated that age-specific survival rate of the aphid was lower in the treatments compared to control. Life expectancy (ex) was the lowest in the M. pulegium treatment (10.97 days) and highest in control (20.73 days). Net reproductive rate was calculated 15.64, 9.38, and 35.76 (female/female/generation) for A. millefolium, M. pulegium, and control, respectively. Our results revealed that the plant EOs studied could be suggested to be used in the integrated A. gossypii management programs in greenhouses due to the high potential in fumigant toxicity and population decrease of this pest.

In recent decades the improvement and optimization of the properties of energetic materials are one of the most important research fields. In this regard, cocrystalization is introduced as a molecular engineering method. There are several methods for the synthesis of new crystals or the so-called cocrystallization process, including slow solvent evaporation, solvent / antisolvent, dry spray, ultrasonic and sound wave resonance. The scale up of energetic cocrystals is an important challenge in this field. In recent years, several reports are published about the role of Resonance Acoustic Mixer (RAM mixer) to improve and scale up of the energetic cocrystals. For example, CL-20:HMX cocrystal is synthesized and characterized using small amount of solvents applying RAM mixer. This method has several advantages in the energetic materials processes, such as increasing safety, scale up, speed of mixing, uniformity and avoid damage to the crystal structure of the materials. Also, this method provides the possibility of mixing without any viscosity limitations. Researches are shown that RAM mixing method is a potential new substrate for co-crystallization processes.

Menopause is a clinically significant period of time characterized by changes in ovarian hormone, vasomotor symptoms, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). One of the main causes of heart attacks is changes and imbalance of the homeostasis system. Sedentary lifestyle and aging also have adverse effects on the homeostasis system. One of the treatment methods that has been used for many years in the treatment of many diseases is Iranian-Islamic medicine. Therefore, in this study, the effect of cupping and aerobic exercise on LDL, HDL and fibrinogen was investigated

A total of 30 inactive postmenopausal women with an age range of 50 to 65 participated in this quasi-experimental study. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: aerobic exercise, cupping therapy, and control group. Aerobic exercises with an intensity of 50 to 75% of heart rate reserve were performed three times a week for 6 weeks and the cupping group was cupped in the third week. Blood samples were taken to measure fibrinogen, LDL, and HDL before the start of the training period and 48 hours after the end of the last training session. Then, an analysis of covariance was used for intergroup comparisons. Also, the pre- and post-test were analyzed using paired t-test at a significance level of <0.05.

Aerobic exercise and cupping showed a significant decrease in fibrinogen (P = 0.04) and LDL (P = 0.001) and an increase in LDH (P = 0.003). Paired t-test results showed a significant decrease in fibrinogen, LDL and HDL post-test compared to pre-intervention post-test.

Cupping therapy and aerobic physical activity are effective factors in reducing the levels of fibrinogen and LDL and increasing HDL in postmenopausal women. According to the results, exercise may have better effects on decreasing fibrinogen and blood lipids, as the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, compared to cupping therapy.

Melon, like other members of cucurbitaceae family, is sensitive to cold stress. Applying different cultivation techniques in the nursery can provide some degree of tolerance to environmental stresses in the plants. In the other words, applying stress conditions on plants may cause them to withstand subsequent stresses, this is so called a cross-adaptation or cross-tolerance. For example, Whitaker (1994) showed that cold stress damage can be mitigated by temperature pretreatment. This technique was then used to improve stress tolerance in different plants. In this regard, heat treatment has been used to increase the chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables. Therefore, in this study, the possibility of increasing cold stress tolerance in melon seedlings using heat shock was investigated.

The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications and five treatments (including control and spraying with water at temperatures of 20, 45, 50 and 55 °C for 90 seconds) in Faculty of Agriculture of Ilam University in 2019. Heat treatments where used as foliar spray by heated water. After applying different levels of heat treatment and recovery at 24 hours, seedlings were exposed to chilling stress at 3 °C for 6 h in 6 consecutive days. All seedlings were transferred to greenhouse and after 72 hours, the related traits were measured.

Results showed that pre-treated seedlings had higher growth rate than control seedlings at the end of chilling period. Heat shock pretreatment significantly increased the content of chlorophyll, proline and hydrogen peroxide and reduced the amount of malondialdehyde compared to the control. The lowest amount of malondialdehyde (1.14 nmol g-1 fresh weight) was observed in the 50 °C treatment, which was 50% lower than the control. Similar to other environmental stresses, low temperature usually leads ROS production and oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde content is an index to measure membrane lipid peroxidation and its measurement is a criterion of damage to plants in stress conditions. Reduction of malondialdehyde has been reported to increase cell membrane stability and increase stress tolerance in plants. In the present study, heat shock reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde compared to the control, indicating a decrease in cold effects on the plant. Mei and Song (2010) investigated the effect of heat pretreatment on increasing high temperature tolerance in barley, and reported that using this method by stimulating the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes prevented the increase of malondialdehyde in the plant under heat stress. Therefore, maintaining the membrane structure and decreasing the accumulation of malondialdehyde in melon seedlings under cold conditions indicates an improvement of plant defense responses induced by heat shock. Environmental stresses including cold stress by producing hydrogen peroxide and other free radicals lead to oxidative stress and damage plant cells. Hydrogen peroxide is converted to water by ascorbate peroxidase, peroxide redoxin, glutathione peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase groups. Therefore, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants is one of the most important mechanisms of the plant to cope with stress conditions. In the present study, heat shock pretreatment significantly increased peroxidase (POD) and poly phenol oxidase (PPO) activity and increased the amount of proline and hydrogen peroxide. In this regard, it has been reported that hydrogen peroxide has a dual role in plants and its increase in stress conditions by regulating the production of antioxidant enzymes helps plants to enhance their tolerance to the stress conditions. Our results is in consistent with Ao et al. (2013) report that stated hardening pretreatment of Jatropha curcas seedlings caused to increase the antioxidant enzymes activity, plant glutathione and ascorbate content. The increases in antioxidant enzymes activity by heat shock might be a positive mechanism, which facilitate the scavenging of ROS and induce plant growth and development under chilling stress. These results indicate that antioxidant defense system has a specific role in enhancing plant tolerance to stress conditions and hydrogen peroxide play an important signaling role in plant adaptive responses.

In general, the results showed that heat shock (especially at 50 and 55 oC) caused positive physiological changes in melon seedlings and could increase their tolerance to cold stress conditions.

The significance of toxic metals pollution treatment has become incrementally manifested as an important environmental issues in the recent years due to the urgent need to access healthy water and increase of the anthropogenic activities in water contamination. For efficient treatment of water contaminants, the selective and novel materials are always welcomed. In this study, the hydrothermally synthesized titanate nanotubes (TNT) were modified by the mercaptosilane modifier for the removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) toxic contaminants. The modified TNT adsorbent (TNT/Sil) was characterized in terms of the physicochemical aspects and then, the experiments for capturing metal cations were performed in batch mode. The modified adsorbent presented more affinity for the removal of Cu(II) than Ni(II).Theresults demonstrated thatthe experimental data were highly fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model and the maximum uptake capacities for Cu(II) and Ni(II) were found to be 53.77 and 45.29 mg g-1, respectively. In addition, endothermic nature of the adsorption process was predicted by the thermodynamic study as well as the pseudo-second order model that was corresponded to the kinetic data. Considering these achievements and due to the surface hydroxyl and thiol functional groups, TNT/Sil adsorbent could be effective and promising material in the purification of wastewaters, contaminated with toxic metal cations.

In this study, the effect of water consumption behavior training on environmental citizen behavior and relationship with nature of adult education has been investigated. Also, quasi-experimental method, pre-test and post-test were performed with two experimental and control groups. The study population of all literate students of Bojnourd Literacy Movement was 1978 and among those whose pre-test score was less than the average in the questionnaires, 30 people were placed in the experimental group and 30 people in the group by random placement and the training course was conducted with the experimental group in 15 1-hour sessions. Before and after training, pre- and post-test were taken from both control and experimental groups. The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was estimated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.83, 0.87 and 0.72, respectively. Data analysis was performed using Kolmogorov test, Levene’s Test (homogeneity of variances), covariance and factor analysis using SPSS software version 24. The findings showed that water consumption behavior training had a direct and significant effect on environmental citizen behavior and communication with adult education nature. Sub-findings also showed that water consumption behavior training has a direct and significant effect on environmental citizen behavior and communication with adult education nature.

Evaluation of the interaction between a new and the existing underground structures is one of the important problems in urban tunneling. In this work, using FLAC3D, four numerical models of single- and twin-tube tunnels in urban areas are developed, where the horizontal distance between the single- and twin-tube tunnels are varied. The aim is to analyze the effects of the horizontal distances, considering various criteria such as the deformation of linings, the forces and moments exerted on the twin-tube tunnels and their safety factors, the subsidence that occur on the surface and the nearby buildings, the stability of the single-tube tunnel, and the stability of the pillar lying between the single- and twin-tube tunnels. Considering the above-mentioned criteria, the results obtained indicate that the interaction between the single- and twin-tube tunnels is virtually negligible in the distance more than three times the single-tube tunnel diameter. Also the stability of the pillar lying between the tunnels makes the distance to be chosen at least 1.5 times the single-tube tunnel diameter.

Free gingival graft is the most commonly practiced predictable technique for gingival augmentation.

To assess the effectiveness of human amniotic membrane, a biological dressing, on wound healing and post-operative pain after its application on the palatal donor site after free gingival graft surgery.

Of 27 eligible patients, 15 were randomized into a test group and received human amniotic membrane dressing sutured over their palatal donor site; 12 were randomized into a control group in whom the palatal donor site was only sutured. Standard clinical photographs were taken at 7, 14, and 21 days post-operatively and evaluated by 3 periodontists. The pain score at the donor site was assessed by a visual analog score; the number of analgesics taken was also recorded.

The mean color match scores were higher in the test group than the control group at 14 (p<0.01) and 21 days after surgery (p=0.02). The difference in tissue texture (p=0.01) and inflammation (p=0.02) between the two groups was only significant on day 14 (p<0.05). The pattern of pain relief was better in the test group compared with the control group, especially in first days, although the differences were not significant in terms of the number of analgesics taken or the pain score.

Application of human amniotic membrane can accelerate wound healing and may decrease post-operative pain and discomfort by a limited amount

The purpose of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of a persian Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in the Iranian colledge student's population. In this descriptive research among all students of Tabriz universities in 2017 a sample group including 462 college students was selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The validity and reliability of the inventory items, validity of the structure, and internal consistency estimated by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and  Cronbach's alpha coefficient methods. The exploratory factor analysis performed by the main components and varimax rotation showed that 6 components including antisocial tendency, depression and anxiety, mood and emotional instability, psychosis syndrome, psycho-somatic syndrome and stress related problem, have the most simple structure and the coefficients of validity of these components estimated between 0.92 and 0.98. The correlation coefficients between the subscales also showed that these coefficients were between 0.34 and 0.92. Based on this finding, preliminary Persian version of PAI has adequate psychometric properties and it can be used as a valid psychological assessment tool.

Evaluation of the interaction between new and existing underground structures is one of the most important problems in urban tunneling. In this paper, three-dimentional finite difference numerical model of single and twin tunnels in urban areas has been presented. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of changing the depth of excavating single tunnel, in constant horizontal distance, on the interaction of single and twin tunnels considering various criteria including forces and moments exerted on twin-tunnels lining and their safety factors, subsidence of ground surface and nearby buildings, excavation stability of single tunnel and stability of pillar lying between single and twin tunnels. The case study is related to single and twin tunnels of Tabriz urban railway, in northwest of Iran. Results indicated that increasing depth of single tunnel causes average safety factor of Sahand tunnel to decrease (6.52 to 6.35) and that of Sabalan to increase (6.78 to 7.02). As the depth of single tunnel increases, excavation stability of single tunnel increases and surface subsidence decreases. The stability of pillar lying between twin and single tunnels increases as the depth of single tunnel increases.

Human studies have shown that patients with cardiovascular diseases have worse periodontal status. Therefore، this study aimed to investigate the periodontal health in patients with coronary heart diseases who underwent angiography.

In this cross-sectional study، 135 patients with coronary artery disease participated who underwent angiography. Periodontal indices were assessed including bleeding on probing، plaque index، probing depth، furcation involvement، number of missing teeth and number of tooth with pathologic mobility. According to angiography results، the presence of coronary artery stenosis and its severity were recorded based on the number of involvement arteries. Data was analyzed by Mann-whitney test and N par test using spss software (version 16).

According to results of angiography، there were 106 patients with CHD that among them، 65% were with periodontitis، 6. 6% with health periodontium. Out of the remaining 29 patients (with normal result of angiography) 44. 8% had gingivitis and 44. 8% had periodontitis. Probing depth index was significantly different in patients with and without coronary artery stenosis (p<0. 05) whereas there was no significant difference between patients with other periodontal indices (p>0. 05).

Patients with coronary artery disease have worse periodontal status compared to individual with normal angiography.

The height of the alveolar bone, is normally maintained by equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption, but in periodontal disease more destruction or lack of bone formation will reduce the alveolar bone height. However the radiography is important in diagnosis, treatment plan and detection of quality and quantity of the alveolar bone although the type of radiography is more important. The purpose of this study is the comparison between panaromic, P.A (Parallel), Bite Wing radiographs in diagnosis of periodontitis.

This study was descriptive cross-Sectional study Periapical (PA), Bitewing (B.W) & Panoramic radiographic images in 32 pationent 13 male and 19 female with moderate to advanced periodontitis (mean age 38 year) were taken before surgical treatment. Actual hight of defect were measured by a William's probe during surgery, the distance between cemento enamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar crest were measured on radiographs using a digital vernie scale as will as. Actual measurements were compared with values taken from panoramic PA, B.W radiographs. For Data analysis Paired t test was used.

A total of 314 linear distances from the panoramic PA , B.W, and CEJ/BL were measured. The mean difference between panoramic and actual Measurements (0.115 and 0.28) P=(0.24-0.07), were not satistically significant (P> 0.05). The mean difference between P.A and actual measurements (0.279-0.498) P=(0.0001-0.004) showed a satistically significant difference (P< 0.05). The mean deference between BW and actual Measurements (0.576-0.613) P=(0.24-0.07) were satistically significant (P<0.05).

Although, all forms of radiographic images showed agreement in detection of periodontal bone loss, the accuracy of panoramic radiographs was more than PA & BW radiographs'. Specially when the magnification was adjusted in panoramic radiography.

Stress response indices including plasma cortisol. glucose, cholesterol, and total plasma proteins of red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) exposed to three different concentrations of water soluble fraction (WSF) of a crudc oil \Vere investigated. The experiment \Vas eonducted in a flow-through seawater system under tropical conditions and the concentrations of the toxicant \Vere assayed based on naphthalenes contents of WSF of crude oil as 0.107,0.052 and 0.028 ppm. Sublethal exposure to WSF of crude oil had a marked impact (P<0.05) on plasma cortisol, glucose, cholesterol and total plasma prote in. Dose-response relationships were obscrved in most of the affected parameters. The rcsults rcvcaled that, in the expcrimental tish both the primary and sccondary stress responses were activated following exposurc to diffcrcnt concentrations of the toxicant. The immunosuppressive effects of WSF of crude oil on tish following activation of stress rcsponscs arc discussed.