s. sadeghi

In the present paper, crop pattern criteria have been evaluated relying on sustainable development to increase agricultural water productivity. Seven criteria were selected as the main environmental and economic criteria and were prioritized and reviewed for important and strategic products in the Tajan catchment of Mazandaran province. Criteria prioritization was done using optimization through a genetic algorithm with an objective function based on sustainable development. Then, physical and economic productivity indices were calculated to determine the productivity value. Based on the results, in the selection of the crop pattern, firstly, the category of economic criteria and finally the category of environmental criteria have been given attention to the farmers in the current situation. But in the genetic optimization algorithm, all priorities have a similar order from the environmental point of view and then from the economic point of view although each product has its order of criteria. By this prioritization, the parameters of the cultivated area, the volume of water consumed, and the amount of chemical fertilizers have decreased on average by 26%, 34%, and 21%, respectively, and the parameters of product performance and profitability have increased by 43% and 61%, respectively. In addition to providing environmental standards and increasing sustainable development, this prioritization causes an average increase in physical productivity by 84% and an increase in economic productivity by 72%.

IntroductionThe contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals is considered as a fundamental problem of industrial and non-industrial societies all over the world, which is increasing significantly with technological advances and is considered a serious threat to the environment, soil and human health. One of these heavy metals is cadmium, which has entered the environmental cycle due to various industrial activities such as metal smelting, battery manufacturing, paints, and plastic production. One of the suitable methods for cleaning the soil contaminated with heavy metals is to stabilize the elements by adding a modifier to the soil, which leads to a decrease in their mobility and bioavailability during the processes of absorption, oxidation and reduction, complexation or deposition. The use of iron nanoparticles is a new generation of environmental cleaning technology that can be an economic solution to some problems caused by pollutants, unlike traditional methods. Considering the importance of soil as a plant food holder and its special role in the food chain and the harmful effects of pollutants such as heavy metals in the soil, this research seeks to explore the potential of magnetic iron nanoparticles in remediating cadmium-contaminated soil. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of these nanoparticles in reducing cadmium levels and their impact on the distribution of cadmium in different soil components. Materials and MethodsThe experiments were carried out in the chemical and biological research laboratory of the Department of Soil Science and Engineering of Maragheh University. To conduct the experiment, a soil sample from Ajabshir city with a geographic location of 54 degrees 46 minutes 51.7 seconds east longitude and 37 degrees 24 minutes 34 seconds north latitude located in East Azarbaijan province with an altitude of 1451 meters above sea level, with this The target of extractable cadmium less than 1.16 mg/kg of dry and textured soil (loam) was selected. This experiment is factorial based on random design with two factors of heavy metal cadmium from cadmium sulfate source including cadmium concentrations at three levels of zero, 6 and 12 mg/kg of soil and the factor of magnetic iron nanoparticles at three levels of zero, 1 and 2% in The time was four weeks after the addition of cadmium treatments and it was implemented in three repetitions. After measuring some physical and chemical properties of soil, cadmium concentrations in different species and ionic fractions were measured according to the method provided by Tisser. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and MSTATC software and the means were compared with Duncan's multiple range test at the level of five and one percent probability and the results were interpreted. Discussion and ConclusionBy increasing the amount of cadmium treatment levels from 6 to 12 mg/kg, the amount of cadmium absorption in the exchange phase decreased. Therefore, the increase in the amount of cadmium levels in different levels of iron nanoparticles reduced the absorption of cadmium in the exchange phase, which in turn reduced the ability of the plant to absorb cadmium and removed cadmium from the plant. By increasing the amount of cadmium in the soil by 1%, nanoparticles increased the amount of cadmium extracted from the carbonate phase. Increasing the amount of cadmium added to the soil at different levels of nanoparticles, the amount of cadmium absorption extracted from the carbonate phase increased, and at the level of 12 mg cadmium/kg, the amount of cadmium extracted from the carbonate phase increased compared to the level of 6 mg cadmium/kg. In cadmium treatments at the level of 12 mg/kg, the amount of cadmium extracted from the phase of iron and manganese oxides were increased compared to cadmium at the level of 6 mg/kg, and in the same treatments at the level of 12 mg/kg, the amount of cadmium extracted was increased with the increase in the amount of nanoparticles. The results showed an increase in the phase of iron and manganese oxides, which may reduce the amount of cadmium available to the plant. In cadmium treatments at the level of 6 mg/kg at the level of 1% of nanoparticles, compared to the other two treatments, an increase in the amount of cadmium extracted from the oxide phase was observed. In the treatment of cadmium at the level of 12 mg/kg, the amount of cadmium extracted from the phase of organic matter increased compared to the treatment of cadmium at the level of 6 mg/kg. Indeed, the research findings reveal an interesting trend in the impact of increasing iron nanoparticles at both cadmium levels of 6 and 12 mg/kg. Specifically, the changes in the amount of cadmium extracted from the organic phase of the soil follow a consistent pattern. Initially, as the iron nanoparticles were introduced, the cadmium extraction from the organic materials decreased. However, at higher levels of nanoparticles, the cadmium extraction started to increase again.This trend suggests that the presence of a higher concentration of nanoparticles may play a role in stabilizing cadmium in the organic matter of the soil. As a result, it may reduce the accessibility of cadmium to plants. In the treatment of cadmium at the level of 12 mg/kg, the amount of cadmium extracted from the residual phase increased compared to cadmium at the level of 6 mg/kg. In the examination of cadmium extracted from the residual phase, it was found that, unlike other phases, the difference between treatments at zero cadmium level and other treatment levels of cadmium in the remaining phase was less compared to other phases, so that the amount of cadmium absorbed in the remaining phase 6 and 12 mg of cadmium per kilograms of soil have the lowest values among different absorption phases. Also, another noteworthy point about this examination was the trend of changes in extracted cadmium according to the levels of nanoparticles in all three levels of cadmium, so that with the increase of nanoparticles from zero to 1% in all levels of cadmium, there was a decreasing trend and with the increase of non-particles to two percent, an increasing trend was observed. ConclusionThe results showed that in general, with increasing the level of iron nanoparticles, treatment of 12 kg of cadmium, the amounts of residual cadmium, carbonate, organic and oxide phases increased. Increasing the level of cadmium in different levels of iron nanoparticles reduced the absorption of cadmium in the exchange phase, which reduces the ability of the plant to absorb cadmium and removes cadmium from the plant, so that in the treatment with cadmium at the level of 12 mg/kg, the amount of cadmium extracted from the exchange phase reduced. Also, in the cadmium treatment at the level of 6 mg/kg with increasing the amount of nanoparticles, the amount of cadmium extracted from the exchange phase first increased and then a slight decrease in the amount of absorbed cadmium was observed, while at the level of 12 mg of cadmium, the amount of cadmium increased, absorption reduced, and thus removing cadmium from the plant.

Abbandans are man-made reservoirs constructed by excavating and creating borders of soil dykes around them. Dredging Abbandan is done to increase storage capacity and provide greater flexibility in water allocation during droughts. For this purpose, the catchment runoff for different return periods was calculated using the SWMM model. Subsequently, the Abbandans’ conditions were examined to change their dimensions to increase the volume. The increase in Abbandans' volume was investigated by increasing its depth and utilizing the genetic algorithm. One model is presented that maximizes agricultural net benefits. Various allowable dredging ratios are used in the model for the case study. According to the results, for return periods of the 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 years, 5.4%, 8.3%, 12.1%, 29.9%, and 37.4% of precipitation at the Abbandan upstream was transformed into runoff, respectively. Increasing the cultivated area or planting second crops can be considered as additional management practices for optimizing water usage. Based on the results, dredging and improving of all Abbandans in the region will cause the collection of runoff from rainfall events up to a 50-year period. The model shows that the maximum net financial benefit for agricultural increases as the ratio increases. It reaches its highest value (on average $81010) when the ratio is 0.5. Also, the area of cultivated fields irrigated by the Abbandan increased from 124 to 193 hectares.

Zavarian gold deposit is located 60 km SW of Qom and in Central Iran geotectonic zone. The basement rocks of the area include volcanic units of Miocene- Pliocene (MPb), volcanic andesite units of Miocene- Pliocene (MPan), volcanic- pyroclastic units of Miocene- Pliocene (MPVP), pyroclastic units of Miocene- Pliocene and recent alluvium. The plutonic rocks of the area are granodiorite-tonalite. The intruded dykes are subdivided to andesite dykes (DY1) and dacite dyke (DY2). The main alterations are advanced argillic, alunitization, propylitic, sericitic and silicification. Gold mineralization has been occurred in andesite and dacite dykes. Au-mineralization are mostly vein, breccia and replacement type. Ore minerals include magnetite, hematite, Fe-hydro-oxides, chalcopyrite, purite and bornite which are host of Au. Geochemical data show that the average content of Au is1.98ppm. Fluid inclusions were investigated in quartz which are associated by ore minerals. These fluid inclusions are generally two-phase of fluid-rich (L + V). The results of analyzes showed that the salinity contents vary between 0.87 to 44.06% NaCl. The homogenization temperature varies between 138 and 383 ° C. The data suggest that the hydrothermal fluids which are responsible for mineralization have low to medium temperature and salinity. It is compatible to primary magmatic hydrothermal fluids which have been mixed probably to metamorphic and meteoric fluids. Mineralogical, geochemical and fluid inclusions data show that gold mineralization in the area is epithermal high sulfide type.

The need to perform an abortion in the first three months of pregnancy with an effective and safe drug therapy is more important than other methods. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of letrozole and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone on abortion.

In this clinical trial, 114 candidates for legal abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy were randomly assigned to three groups of 38 people receiving sublingual misoprostol alone with placebo (same amount of letrozole), misoprostol with letrozole 10 mg daily for 3 days and the third group was given misoprostol along with letrozole with a daily dose of 5 mg for 3 days. In addition to the demographic and obstetrical information of the patients, the primary outcome including complete and incomplete abortion, misoprostol dosage and side effects were compared in patients of three groups.

The mean gestational age of the patients was 73.1±9.2 days. A total of 84 (73.7%) patients had complete abortion, including 28 patients (73.7%) in the letrozole 5 mg group, 32 patients (84.2%) in the letrozole 10 mg group, and 24 patients (63.2%) were in the placebo group. In the letrozole 10 mg group, with a statistically significant difference, the rate of complete abortion was higher in them than in the placebo group (84.2 vs. 63.2%, p=0.037). 20 patients in the letrozole 5 mg group, 16 in the letrozole 10 mg group, and all patients in the placebo group received misoprostol, and the difference between the two groups of letrozole 10 mg and placebo was significant in terms of misoprostol intake (p=0.001). The most common side effect in patients of all three groups was nausea and vomiting, which did not have a statistically significant difference between all three groups.

The findings of the present study showed that letrozole 10 mg along with misoprostol is effective in patients who need legal abortion in the first trimester.

In this paper, a novel structure as a Folded-Mirror (FM) Trans-impedance Amplifier (TIA) is designed and introduced for the first time based on the combination of the current-mirror and the folded-cascade topologies. The trans-impedance amplifier stage is the most critical building block in a receiver system. This novel proposed topology is based on the combination of the current mirror topology and the folded-cascade topology, which is designed using active elements. The idea is to use a current mirror topology at the input node. In the proposed circuit, unlike many other reported designs, the signal current (and not the voltage) is being amplified till it reaches the output node. The proposed TIA benefits from a low input resistance, due to the use of a diode-connected transistor, as part of the current mirror topology, which helps to isolate the dominant input capacitance. So, as a result, the data rate of 5Gbps is obtained by consuming considerably low power. Also, the designed circuit employs only six active elements, which yields a small occupied chip area, while providing 40.6dBΩ of trans-impedance gain, 3.55GHz frequency bandwidth, and 664nArms input-referred noise by consuming only 315µW power using a 1V supply. Results justify the proper performance of the proposed circuit structure as a low-power TIA stage. The proposed topology is based on the combination of the current mirror topology and the folded-cascade topology. The circuit performance of the proposed folded-mirror TIA is simulated using 90nm CMOS technology parameters in the Hspice software. Furthermore, the Monte-Carlo analysis over the size of widths and lengths of the transistors is performed for 200runs, to analyze the fabrication process. The proposed FM TIA circuit provides 40.6dBΩ trans-impedance gain and 3.55GHz frequency bandwidth, while, consuming only 315µW power using a 1V supply. Besides, as analyzing the quality of the output signal in the receiver circuits for communication applications is vital, the eye-diagram of the proposed FM TIA for a 50µA input signal is opened about 5mV, while, for a 100µA input signal the eye is opened vertically about 10mV. So, the vertical and horizontal opening of the eye is clearly shown. Furthermore, Monte-Carlo analysis over the trans-impedance gain represents a normal distribution with the mean value of 40.6dBΩ and standard deviation of 0.4dBΩ. Also, the value of the input resistance of the FM TIA is equal to 84.4Ω at low frequencies and reaches the value of 75Ω at -3dB frequency. The analysis of the effect of the feedback network on the value of the input resistance demonstrates the input resistance in the absence of the feedback network reaches up to 1.4MΩ, which yields the importance of the existence of the feedback network to obtain a broadband system. In this paper, a trans-impedance amplifier based on a combination of the current-mirror topology and the folded-cascade topology is presented, which amplifies the current signal and converts it to the voltage at the output node. Due to the existence of a diode-connected transistor at the input node, the input resistance of the TIA is comparatively small. Furthermore, four out of six transistors are PMOS transistors, which represent less thermal noise in comparison with NMOS transistors. Also, the proposed Folded-Mirror topology occupies a relatively small area on-chip, due to the fact that no passive element is used in the feedforward network. Results using 90nm CMOS technology parameters show 40.6dBΩ trans-impedance gain, 3.55GHz frequency bandwidth, 664nArms input-referred noise, and only 315µW power dissipation using a 1volt supply, which indicates the proper performance of the proposed circuit as a low-power building block.

This study was carried out to examine how effective the training in transactional analysis is in the emotional self-regulation of female senior high school students who were in conflict with their parents. This applied, quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest control group design.  The statistical population of study comprised all senior high school girls in 2017-18 school year in Kamyaran, Kurdistan Province, who were in conflict with their parents. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was utilized and the sample was drawn (N= 24). The research instruments included Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) (Straus, 1979) and Self-regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006). The experimental group was subjected to transactional analysis training for eight 90-minute sessions, while control group did not receive any intervention. The obtained data was analyzed via ANCOVA. Results indicated that transactional analysis training had a significant effect on the promotion of adaptive emotion regulation strategies as well as decline of maladaptive strategies in the experimental group (P<0.05). More specifically, in the posttest, the mean score of adaptive emotion regulation strategies among girls increased, while the mean score of maladaptive strategies decreased. Accordingly, it can be concluded that transactional analysis training can be effective in emotional self-regulation of those who are in conflict their parents.

Pregnancy is associated with changes in the woman's nutritional needs. The mother's nutritional status affects her own health, that of the fetus, and the outcome of the pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women towards proper nutrition.

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 445 pregnant women who were referred to urban health centers in Jiroft, Kiar, Fasa, Borkhar, and Ilam cities in 2020. Participants were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The instrument to collect data was multi-section research made questionnaire including demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and practice towards proper nutrition. Data was analyzed using SPSS 18 by Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation coefficient.

The mean age of participants was 29.58±9.81 years and the mean month of pregnancy was 5.58±2.30 in all cities. Of them 59.10% had a good level of knowledge. In general, 81.10% had a positive attitude, but in Kiar city, 86.70% of pregnant women had a moderately desirable level of attitude and 63.8% were in a good level of behavior. There was a significant relationship between the history of receiving education and knowledge level in Jiroft and Kiar cities (p<0.05).

Due to the low levels of knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women towards proper nutrition, it is recommended to provide nutrition counseling for pregnant women in health centers. As a result of women's awareness of the principles of proper nutrition during pregnancy, the consequences of pregnancy will improve.

Pregnancy is the most stressful period of a woman's life and can lead to depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The participation of pregnant women in childbirth classes reduces the hospitalization period and increases their satisfaction with the childbirth experience. This study aimed to investigate the effect of childbirth classes on pregnancy and postpartum happiness.

This quasi-experimental study was carried out on pregnant women referring to health centers of Bojnurd City in 2016. Eighty pregnant women were randomly selected and divided into intervention and control groups. The subjects in the intervention group participated in childbirth classes, while the control group received routine prenatal care. The intervention group subjects completed the happiness and pregnancy profile questionnaires after participating in the eighth session of Childbirth and postpartum classes. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software through independent T, Mann–Whitney U tests, and repeated measure analysis of variance.

There was no significant difference in the happiness scores between the control and intervention groups before the intervention (p=0.235). There was a significant difference in score changes of the happiness in the intervention group (p=0.017), while no significant difference was observed in the control group (p=0.315).

Childbirth preparation classes increased the mother's level of happiness due to creating the connection among pregnant mothers, creating awareness of pregnancy changes, teaching pregnancy exercises, and informing the husband to care mother.

Young children's access to digital devices has increased significantly in recent years. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) use these devices extremely because of restricted and repetitive interests. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of digital devices with feeding and sleep problems in young children with ASD symptoms.

The present research was a cross-sectional study. 45 young children with ASD symptoms between 16 and 36 months were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a lifestyle checklist, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-2), and the Feeding Problem Inventory (FPI). Pearson correlation coefficient and enter regression were used to analyze the data.

Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis showed that children's use of digital devices had a significant relationship with sleeping late (p <05, r = 0.30), limited food interests (p <05, r = 0 / 31), the mother's dissatisfaction with the child's feeding (p <05, r = 0.32) and the total score of feeding problems (p <05, r = 0.31) in young children and explain 0.09, 0.11, 0.10 and 0.13% of the changes related to the above variables, respectively.

More use of digital devices by children with ASD symptoms is associated with the problems in late sleep and limited food interest diversity, maternal dissatisfaction with the child's feeding behavior and feeding problems in general. It seems necessary to provide interventions to manage the use of digital devices in children with autism spectrum disorders symptoms.

Storm sewer networks are important components of urban planning and civil engineering, and any negligence in their proper design can be a problem for human societies. Analyzing urban flooding by modeling and analyzing flood damage is an effective step to optimally manage urban transportation and reduce the damage caused by demolition of facilities. In this paper, using the SWMM model with 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 year return periods with dynamic wave model and rational methods, the existing potential for evaluating the efficiency of surface drainage network for partial of District 2 of Tehran was investigated. After evaluating the existing storm sewer network of the mentioned area, the amount of runoff damage was estimated by statistical method. The results of the modeling show that there are flooding and surcharging in the link and node of drainage network for return periods of 5 years or more. This indicates the inefficiency of the existing network in collecting runoff from rainfall. The results also showed that the values of flood discharge obtained from the rational method are much higher than the dynamic wave routing method and this difference is due to the structure of the two methods. The results of the calibration process also show that the model has an acceptable capability to simulate the overall shape of the hydrograph and flood peak discharge. Also, with respect to the calibration results and the RMSE value, the dynamic wave routing method is closer to the observed results, so it is more accurate. Damage assessment also showed that damages to buildings in the study area for return periods of 5, 10, 20 and 50 were 7, 9, 11 and 14 million, respectively, using dynamic wave routing and 10, 12, 14 and 16 million by rational method.

Fusarium solani is one of the most important agents to cause cotton seedling damping-off. The best method to control this disease is the seed coating with chemical fungicides and biological compounds. In this research, the purpose was to replace biological compounds containing Bacillus subtilis with chemical pesticides. Biological commercial products (Super nitro plus, Biosubtil, and Companion) were evaluated in this study. The results showed that the purified B. subtilis isolates from Biosubtil, Companion, and the native isolate B96 had the most inhibition percentage of F. solani growth by 46.67%, 44.67%, and 41.67%, respectively in dual-culture test. Also, the purified B. subtilis isolates from Biosubtil and Super nitro plus showed the highest inhibition percentage of F. solani growth in volatil compounds test by 12.77 and 10.19 %, respectively. Among the investigated fungicides, Carboxin Thiram with 49.06% had the highest and Imazalil (Fungaflor 5%) with 9.91% had the least effect on mycelium growth inhibition of F. solani. In the greenhouse studies, Varamin cottonseed was treated with three different concentrations of each biological compound, suspension isolates B96 and Carboxin Thiram (75%WP), Triadimenol (7.5%DS), Iprodione-Carbendazim (52.5%WP), Imazalil, and then they planted in the contaminated soil with the pathogen. Biosubtil was the most effective treatment for the control of seeding damping-off in cotton and this compound was equivalent to Carboxin Thiram for disease control. The results showed that the possibility of replacing common chemical pesticides with some biological compounds for cottonseeds treatment.

The present study intended to determine and report patient effective dose on the basis of patients and exposure data.

A nationwide computed tomography (CT) survey was provided as a report of patient doses in 2015-2016. Scan details were collected for nearly 2,000 adults and children in four age groups subjected to CT examinations. From total 565 CT scanners in different models in Iran, 120 different scanners were sampled. ImpactDose software was used to calculate the effective dose (ED) by collecting the necessary data also as an alternative fast method, the ED was estimated by multiplying dose length product (DLP) and a conversion factor.

There was a high variation in doses received by patients. The estimated EDs by the DLP and conversion factor were lower (except for sinus protocol) than those by ImpactDose software (p=0.014). The mean EDs were 1.09, 0.66, 7.70 and 13.29 mSv for adult patients’ procedures of head, sinus, chest and abdomen-pelvis, respectively. In terms of CTDIvol and DLP, in Iran the mean effective doses were significantly lower than other countries.

Publishing guidelines and exposure tables according to patient situations is necessary to decrease variations in doses and exposure parameters. Since the DLP conversion factor leads to a considerable discrepancy in calculating ED, when there is a need for precise dose calculations, the DLP conversion factor should not be used. Furthermore, it is suggested that ED be used as DRL, instead of CTDIvol.

In this study, techno-economic comparison of monocrystalline and concentrating photovoltaic power plants for the selected cities of Kerman province was carried out. After modeling the implied photovoltaic systems and validating the modeling results of the monocrystslline photovoltaic system with the measured data of an installed 5kW monocrystalline photovoltaic power plant at the Graduate University of Advanced Technology, daily and yearly electrical energies production analysis for both plants was presented. Then, the electrical efficiency and the performance factors, including capacity factor, final yield, reference yield and the performance ratio were determined. The economic analysis results showed that the northern cities of Kerman province had more favorable economic indicators, so internal rate of return, balanced cost of electricity, net present value, and benefit-cost ratio for the monocrystal photovoltaic plant were 21-22.1%, 13.3-13.9 dollars per kilowatt, 2-4.2 thousand dollars, and 1.04-1.09, respectively and for the concentrating photovoltaic plant were 24.9-28.6%, 8.8-10.2 dollars per kilowatt, 17.1-30.5 thousand dollars, and 1.24-1.43, respectively. Finally, a comprehensive comparison was made between the conventional PV systems and the CPV system for two scenarios: the same capital investment cost and the same nominal installed power. Results showed that at both scenarios, the concentrating photovoltaic is superior to the monocrystalline PV plant, in a way that Kerman and Jiroft cities, as the best cities, had the net present value of 30.5 thousand dollars and 21 thousand dollars, respectively.

The primitive man painted the wall of the caves and rocks by depicting his beliefs and taking advantage of their living environment. These motifs have been a way of conveying messages and thoughts and a means of expressing human dreams and fears. For this reason, sculptures are one of the oldest artifacts found in the world that tell a great deal about the life and customs of our ancestors. The creators of this art have painted these engravings and paintings that express their beliefs and beliefs and myths, but today we are not among the creators of these artworks to ask what their purpose was to create these works. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify a number of prominent motifs in South Khorasan province and to compare them with other symbolic artifacts found in Iran, which in part, have achieved the symbolic meaning of these motifs that came from the secrets of human beings before us. We have studies of carvings are of great importance in two ways: 1) The distribution and number of carvings and paintings throughout the world, 2) The direct connection of these motifs with the lives of the people of the past. Therefore, in the studies of petroglyph of Iran, only these paintings have been studied and introduced and it is noteworthy that among these motifs, only animal motifs have been analyzed. And the symbolic motifs remain still unknown. Therefore, recording and studying the symbolic motifs in Southern Khorasan province in completing the studies of petroglyphs of Iran is very important since it is comparable to other parts of the country. The beliefs of past peoples living in this region have been discovered with motifs. In the geographical area of this research, South Khorasan, out of the twenty areas, 14 sites have been discovered with symbolic motifs; the carvings on this province have been discussed. Indicative locations that contain the motifs are the Folklore: Bijayem, Tangel Estad, Dudameh, Makhunik, Ramangan 1, Khuzan, Daldel Lach, Aso, Kafar Kuh, Chaharmahal Lach, Mount Gerdokchak, Nakhlistan and Kal Hessina. The research method was library and field research. At first, the field method identified the areas. Then, all the landscapes were photographed in different directions. Then, the design of the motifs was done using Corel software. In the library method, all the symbolic motifs have been studied, studied and compared with other motifs found elsewhere in Iran. Then, an analysis of the factors influencing the formation of motifs in specific areas has been included in the field of anthropology and ethnography, and finally, a suggested chronology for each site has been included; a review of documents, historical texts, and backgrounds of studies was also used. A total of 210 symbolic and geometric patterns were found in South Khorasan Province, each representing a specific meaning. Symbolic paintings are, in fact, a common language that depicts the values and beliefs of people of ancient times. In the exponential art of stone carvings in the province, the painter has created the motifs with simplicity, without any ornament, indicating that, despite their settling, hunting or farming life, they came from some sort of unconscious belief and ritual. The inscriptions are petroglyph-style motifs, both individually and collectively. The existence of early roles and their execution on one another, as well as the later inscriptions, suggest that the depiction of this precious stone has continued from time immemorial to years later, and each language has its creators. Therefore, it is noteworthy that these motifs are comparable and comparable to other motifs found in and outside Iran. The cryptography of these people in the creation of the motifs is quite evident, and with these works they have revealed a word about their needs. Deciphering these works is possible by a careful examination of the ancient needs, early rituals, mythology and ancient speculation. Designed as sacred places, these motifs were spell-bound and used to worship natural gods; drawing them depicts man's beliefs and needs; he contemplates measures to protect against natural disasters, they have been resorting to these pictures.

 In today's world, contaminants from synthetic polymers derived from oil derivatives have attracted public attention to the use of degradable materials such as macromolecules. Films and food packaging come from a variety of natural sources including proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, or a combination of these materials (Saremnejad et al. 2009). The characteristics of edible films, including biodegradability, have caused researchers to study the properties of film and various edible packaging as a suitable alternative to plastic packaging (Gonzard and Giulbert 1994). Edible films have appeared as a substitute for synthetic plastic for food applications and have gained substantial attention in recent years due to their benefits over synthetic films. Casings, pouches, bags can be developed from edible films and also be utilized as wraps or covers. At low relative humidity protein films are expected to be good oxygen barriers. Edible films from different protein sources have been formulated. These include casein, gelatin, whey protein, corn zein, soy protein, wheat gluten, peanut protein and mung bean protein (Saglam et al. 2013). Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed which is grown in many tropical countries. Sesame meal contains 35 to 40 % protein, is a by-product after oil extraction and it is major protein source used to fed animals in India (Onsaard et al. 2010). Isoelectric precipitation is normally used to prepare sesame protein isolates or concentrates. Sesame protein is very stable to heat and contains large quantities of methionine. So far, there is no work reported on using sesame protein isolate for the formation of edible films for packaging applications.There are several methods to incorporate antimicrobial agents in food, but the most effective of which is the addition of active compounds to packaging materials. Since the surface of the food is a critical region easily exposed to contaminants and packaging material, the slow release of antimicrobial substance to surface of food and, subsequently, diffusion across the food during preservation are predictable. Recently, several nanoparticles such as nanosilver, gold, copper, chitin, and essential oils have been known for their antimicrobial properties. Generally, antimicrobial nanoparticles are classified to organic and inorganic materials, each of which has its particular advantages. For example, inorganic agents are more stable against processing and storage conditions, but organic materials are more compatible, accessible, and inexpensive ( Sahraee et al. 2017). Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely accessible metal nanoparticles with low cost, introducing more UV barrier property in polymers in comparison to silver and gold nanoparticles (Llorens et al. 2012).

Sesame meal protein was extracted by two methods of alkaline and saline extractions according to Oonsard et al. (2010) method. In order to increase the protein extraction efficiency, the sesame meal was thoroughly crushed and powdered before extraction, then the sesame powder was mixed with water from 1 to 10 w / v, then in the first method, the pH was achieved to 11 with 2 molar NaOH. In the second method, pH was achieved to 7 with 2 molar NaCl. In both methods, the mixture was stirred continuously with a magnetic stirrer for one hour and then centrifuged at 2822g in 15 minutes and the dissolved phases were separated. The soluble phases were achieved by using 0.1 or 1 M HCl to pH 4.5. The suspension was centrifuged at 2822 g in 15 minutes, then the upper part was discarded and the sediments were weighed and the protein content was measured according to the AOAC 2000 standard. To preparation of films, the sesame meal protein was dissolved in 3 grams in 100 ml distilled water at 25 °C temperature. Glycerol was used in the making of films at 40%, 45%, and 50%; according to a pre-test. Glycerol percentages of less than 40% caused cracking of films, and increased glycerol content by more than 50% caused a high adhesion of films. To prepare nanocomposite films, different amounts of 1%, 3% and 5% of ZnO nanoparticles were added to 100 ml of distilled water and stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 30 ° C for 1 h, followed by ultrasonication for 15 min. Then 3 gr of sesame meal protein and glycerol were added to the solution of ZnO nanoparticles and then stirred for 1 hour. The solution was then heated in a water bath for 30 minutes at 90 °C and then cooled for 20 minutes to remove the air bubbles until it reached 25° C temperature. Then, 100 ml of the film forming solution was poured on Teflon dishes with a diameter of 16 and then dried at 25 °C for 24 h to obtain a uniform thickness. The films were kept in a desiccator with a relative humidity of 50 ± 5% and temperature 23 ± 2 °C (Lee et al.  2014).

In this study, the biodegradable edible films of sesame meal proteins were produced by two different protein extraction methods including alkaline and saline extractions. In these films, glycerol was used as a plasticizer in three concentrations of 40%, 45% and 50% and zinc oxide nanoparticles were used in three concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5%. According to the results, it was shown that in both samples, the tensile strength and Young's modulus significantly decreased by increasing glycerol, the percentage of length to break and water vapor permeability increased, but the oxygen permeability did not increase by increasing glycerol content. The results showed that Increase of 3% in content nanoparticles, the tensile strength, and Young's modulus increased, but the percentage of elongation to break point and water vapor permeability decreased of the films. With increasing zinc oxide nanoparticles to 5%, Tensile strenght, Young's modulus and oxygen permeability decreased and the percentage of elongation to break and water vapor permeability increased. The results of this research showed that the antimicrobial properties in both samples increased by increasing zinc oxide nanoparticles, and the glycerol level was unaffected. Finally, considering these parameters the tensile strength and the percentage increase in elongation to break, Young's modulus in the protein films were more for the alkaline method than the saline method. But the rate of water vapor and oxygen permeability in the protein films was higher by the saline method.

It was concluded that the films prepared from the sesame meal protein produced by alkaline extraction have stronger inhibitory and mechanical properties than films based on protein extracted by saline solution, which has negative effect salt ions on peptide bonds and positive role alkali is attributed to preventing solubility and better extracting of proteins in these conditions

Most ofmaterialistic and theological ideologies, according to their point of view and perception of humane goals, regard the end of history as a move towards unity of nations of the world; a globalization. Liberal-democracies release their main theories of globalization-like theories of Francis Fukuyama and Samuel Huntington- celebrating Humanism and prioritizing material needs of human. In contrast, Islamic point of view emphasizes on a divine Savior and establishment of global rein of Imam Mahdi, according to its roots in Quran and Hadith. This paper aims to assess the success of both Islamic and Western points of view and duties of I.R Iran aiming realization of Islamic point of view, regarding cultural state of contemporary world. This is an applied research and is done using descriptive-case study methods. The data are analyzed by qualitative methods. Statistical population of this researchconsists of 280 experts and a sample of 30 is selected among them applying Cochran formula. A survey research is done using questionnaires.

Determination of the professional competence of physicians was one of the most important and significant issues in the educational and therapeutic system of medicine in Islamic civilization. Hence, there were some approaches to test physicians in manuscripts of sages in Islamic civilization era. One of these works is ‘Adab al-Tabib’, a well-known historic book on medical ethics written by Ishaq ibn Ali al-Ruhawi (8th century AD). In this book, comprehensive and accurate approaches to determine the professional competence of physicians were provided. The aim of this paper is to review the determination of physicians’ professional competence according to the text of Adab al-Tabib.

  In this review article, we reviewed and analyzed the subject of the physicians' professional competence exam in the ‘Adab al-Tabib’ by Ishaq ibn Ali al-Ruhawi and the content was compiled by means of content analysis.

Al-Ruhawi designed a bipartite exam to determine the professional competence of physicians; the theoretical part assesses the physician’s knowledge and attitude like a deep interview. While in the practical part, practical skills such as familiarity with the tools and methods of operation and some practices such as “Fasd” (Phlebotomy) were evaluated. During this exam, assessment of the principles and techniques of specialized knowledge with full details have been considered in addition to knowledge of the theoretical foundations and basic sciences. In conclusion, Ishaq ibn Ali al-Ruhawi designed a structured comprehensive examination for the determination of the professional competence of physicians in order to provide an instrument to assess physicians’ knowledge, attitude, behavior, and skills for the use of his time scientific society. Some matters are outstanding and can be used

In order to agroecological zoning of current agricultural lands in Golestan province for canola cultivation, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used to match the environmental requirements of crop and the land characteristics. The first, agroecological requirements of canola was identify from scientific resources then classified and needed thematic maps were provided. The classification of layers carried out by simple limitation approach. The digital environmental layers overlaid and integration in GIS media then zoning of lands was done in 4 classes of high suitable until non-suitable. The results showed that 21.31 and 35.04% of the area were high suitable and suitable for canola crop, respectively. These zones had enough rainfall (400-500 mm) and high fertility. The less suitable and non-suitable regions are located in the north and northeast parts of Golestan province. In these areas, the limitation factors were including: high EC, low precipitation, deficient nutrition elements and low water resources.