saeed sayad shirkosh

The present study aimed to provide a model for the implementation of executive measures for sustainable financial resource policies in the healthcare sector.

This research employed a mixed-method approach. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12experts in the field of healthcare finance. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method with MAXQDA 10 software. A Delphi method was utilized in two rounds, employing a researcher-made questionnaire to validate dimensions, components, and factors. The questionnaire was administered to a statistical population consisting of 80 experts in healthcare financing. Selection was based on expertise criteria, and through a complete enumeration approach, 66 questionnaires were completed and subjected to analysis.

The research findings, following the extraction of sub-codes, comprised 51 factors classified into 22 components under 5 dimensions, including: (Integrated Financial Information Technology and Intelligence- Transparency and Financial Reporting in Healthcare- Innovative Financial Management, Budgeting and Strategies Management of Healthcare Financial Resources and Expenditures-General Factors in Healthcare Financial Resource Procurement and Distribution).

The Ministry of Health and medical universities, in implementing executive measures for sustainable financial resource policies in the healthcare sector, can utilize the obtained components, including, integrated information systems, transparency-intelligent, financial information systems, pricing systems, innovative financial management in health records and online prescription systems, financial performance monitoring, budgeting, and stakeholder accountability, operational transparency and financial resource information and succession planning for managers and staff-operational planning and budgeting. These components, identified as having the highest scores, can be operationalized to enhance financial sustainability and efficiency in the healthcare sector.

Banks are looking for this to be able to monitor the effectiveness of granted facilities within the framework of corporate governance. Because one of the most important current damages in the banking system is the failure to use the granted facilities correctly, which leads to the deviation of the facilities, and any weakness and shortcoming in this regard causes the blocking of large resources from the banks and the reduction of the speed of money. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to design a corporate governance model for effective monitoring of bank loans, which is the case study of the National Bank of Iran. The current research is qualitative. The community of experts studied are some senior managers of the National Bank of Iran in Tehran. These experts were selected by purposeful sampling and in the form of a snowball, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve of them until reaching theoretical saturation. Validity of the model has been checked by expert review and reliability by retest method, and fifty sub-themes, twenty-one organized themes and ten overarching themes have been identified using the theme analysis method.

The research is of qualitative and exploratory type and it is an extension research because by presenting a model, it seeks to expand the concept of corporate governance to effectively monitor the facilities granted by National Bank. The data collection method is field and library. The tool for collecting data in the field is a semi-structured interview. The statistical community of experts includes some managers of central offices of National Bank in Tehran. The number of these managers is thirty. Ten of these experts were interviewed by the snowball method in a targeted manner, but the interview was continued with two other experts to achieve theoretical adequacy. The data obtained from the interviews have been studied and analyzed with thematic analysis method. In thematic analysis, after conducting each interview quickly and without delay, coding is done until all interviews and first round codings are done. Then the second and third rounds of coding are done to obtain the research model. Internal validity is measured by the review method by experts, and reliability is checked by the retest method.Results  and

The corporate governance models presented in our country have a structural weakness.  Because the design of the corporate governance system model for banks is derived from the existing reality of the nature of banks, and the real nature of Iranian banks is their government status. This is despite the fact that the implementation of corporate governance in a bank with government ownership or control is not efficient enough. The exploratory nature of the present research, by clarifying the dark and ambiguous corners of the implementation of corporate governance in banks, has succeeded in discovering its unknown facts and methods in order to effectively monitor the facilities granted in the National Bank of Iran. 

The developed model for corporate governance to effectively monitor the granted facilities is shown in chart No. 1 listed on page 12, and the proposed model can be used and exploited for the National Bank of Iran and other similar banks. According to the opinion of experts and the researcher's interpretative view, the following suggestions are presented:1- in addition to exercising sufficient care in the selection of employees, special attention should also be paid to the issue of succession, training and strengthening of specialized human resources.2- while institutionalizing the thinking of responsibility, the necessary grounds for strengthening and continuity of this aspect of corporate governance should always be considered by bank managers..3- In order to provide various products, especially in the field of granting facilities and effectively monitoring its various stages, banks should use electronic tools to know how and how to use payment facilities.4- The laws related to the corporate governance system should be formulated in the amendment bill of the trade law.5- Correct implementation of corporate governance can contribute to a great extent in timely and appropriate response to all stakeholders.6- The employees of each of the three control departments of the facility should be different and one employee should not be used to control and monitor all three control departments.7- When granting the facility or even before any payment of the facility, the relevant officer in the bank should clearly announce the exact terms of payment of the facility installments to the applicants to receive the facility.8- They should distance themselves from bureaucracy and take steps towards becoming agile.9- Intelligent systems for collecting, archiving and disseminating information should be implemented in the facilities department.10- The implementation of corporate governance should be carefully followed up with consideration of the rights of all stakeholders. Examining the findings of the current research with the results of previous research shows the comprehensiveness of the current research and its similarity with the results of the findings of other researchers. For example, Rezaei, Sharifi, and Etimadi Ahri (1400), Falah, Haqshanas, and Rezaian (1399), Kurd, Bagheri, and Mohibi (1399), Isaei and Hasannia (1399), Babajani (1399), Rezaei and Nazimi (1398), Farzin Vash (2016), Seyd Noorani (2016), Ramadan Nia and Rezaei (2016), Talebi (2015), Mohajaran (2015), Yahyapour (2014), Sepe Vand (2014), Kashif Bahrami (2014), Manzoor and Yadi Pour (2017) also, from foreign researches similar to the research, we can refer to the researches of Sakawa, Hideaki et al. Haveril Chek (2018), Agarwal (2016), Masri, Abdul Fattah and Al Bahar (2016), Young et al. (2006), Alford (2006), Brindle (2005), Young (2001), Talwar (1999).

The aim of this study is to develop a systematic implementation method of Article 44 and to turn to the materials mentioned in the above principle, to provide a privatization model as a case study in the IRA Railway Company based on the fuzzy inference approach. The statistical population of this study was a group of university professors, specialists, managers and experts familiar with the field of railway and railway industry and the sample size was selected based on the chain method or snowball, 10 people. Data analysis was performed using fuzzy inference approach using MATLAB software. The results showed that the most desirable method for privatization in railways is the management contract method, the desirability of which was equal to 0.859, in which the cultural factor was the most effective component and the economic factor was the least effective component. On the other hand, the methods of offering shares to the public (0.822) with the priority of political and legal factor and the contracting method (0.810) with the priority of information factor were in the next ranks. Also, the lowest desirability was obtained for the method of decomposing larger units into smaller units with a value of 0.608.

The purpose of this study is to review and fit the public-private partnership model in the downstream Iranian oil industry. The present research from the audience dimension is basic, from the goal perspective is exploratory and from the dimension is cross-sectional. Data collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Formal and content validity of the questionnaire were checked and it was completed  by 260 middle and senior managers of downstream Iranian oil industries. The data validation was analyzed using the ratio test technique, confirmatory factor analysis and structural-interpretive equations method. To design and review the public-private partnership model, we used structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) method and the partial least squares technique to attest the statistical model. The results show that the model has a good fit. Also, using the same tool, the factor load of each factor and the impact of each variable were determined.

 One of the most important ways for the presence of private sector in the development and operation of the country’s industries is the development of public- private partnership agreements that improve procedures , coordination between the public and private sectors , use the capacities of both sectors, and create an optimal model of public- private participation is important in this area.The purpose of this study is to design the model of public- private sector participation in Downstream Iranian Oil Industries. The research method in this study is exploratory and descriptive. In this study a qualitative and quantitative approach has been used. The statistical samples of this research in the qualitative section are 25 experts from the senior managers of Downstream Iran’s Oil Industries. After reviewing the research background with the expert’s comments, the public- private partnership model in Downstream Iran’s Oil Industries includes: 6 dimensions, 22 categories, and 35 indicators,was summarized. The dimensions of this model are: Inclusive interaction, Basing conditions of partnership, Causal condition of partnership, Interfering condition of partnership, participation’s strategies, Consequences of partnership.In this research, in order to check the validity of dimension, category, indicator through theme analysis and using the Delphi method in 3 rounds, the results were reviewed by experts. Finally, the final model was extracted.

One of the most important factors in achieving high economic growth,is the provision of the required infrustructure.Given the scarity of public sector financial resources, the use of finacial resources,expertise,productivity and creativity of the private sector to perform public sector tasks and increase the general level of community welfare are avoided, it is unacceptable.Iran also needs to use modern methods such as puvblic-private partnership to accelerate growth and development.Iran’s oil industry consists of two parts:Upstream and Downstream industries.Given that transfer and partnership of the private sector is possible only in Downstream industries and according to the importance and neccessity of the issues raised,it can be claimed that by conducting research entitled design and testing the modle of public-private partnership in Downstream Iran’s oil industries,it is hoped that by correcting the procedures and coordination between the public and private sectors,creating opportunities for active participation of these two section.

Case study

In this qualitative research,elites of senior managers in Downstream Irans’s oil industries the research population and data collection.Theoretical framework From the last decades of 1970,privatization has become a dominate goal in the policies of some governments and countries have followed a particular model of privatization.From the beginning of the decade1980,governments faced two concerns:one is the increase in public’s sector debt and  another one is necessity of infrastructur’s develop.these concerns led to the private sector enter into the public sector investment.In the early 1990,new aspects were provided for private sector partnership and during the 1990and 2000decades,more countries turned to public_private partnership.A public-private partnership(ppp)is a cooperative arrangement between two or more public and private sectors,typically of a long-term nature.In other words,it involves governments and business that work together to complete a project and/or to provide services to the population. According to the studies done,however there are good opportunities to develop the private sector partnership in Downstream Iran’s oil industries,but there are obstacles and problemes such as:existance of problems in financing,lack of comprehensive and permanent law,lack of familiarity of executive devices with p.p.p,lack of attractiveness to enter the private sector,lack of effective monitoring of activities and lack of integration in low and regulations.

The research method in this study is fundamental, exploratory, descriptive.In this study a qualitative and quantitative approach has been used. The statistical sample of this research includes 25 elites from the senior managers of Downstream Iran’s oil industries .interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data and various tools such as reviewing documents and questionnaires were used. In order to check the validity of dimension, catagory, indicator through theme analysis and using the Delphi method in 3 rounds.

In this study, experts with managerial experience were used.Accordingly, relying on theoretical literature, knowledge and experience of experts in 3 rounds of Delphi method, experts were asked to identify the factors and variables of public- private partnership. After reviewing the research background with the elites’s comments and performing the Delphi phase in 3 rounds, the modle of public_private partnership in Downstream Iran’s oil industries,including : 6 dimensions,22 categories and 35 indicators was summarized.

The results show that the dimensions and categories of the modle of public_private partnership in Downstream Iran’s oil industries are: Inclusive Interaction(Inclusive intrtaction between the two parts) Basing conditions of partnership(Economic factors, Political factors,    Financial factors, Legal factors, Cultuaral factors) Casual conditions of partnership(Institutional and legal condition, Political condition , Human factors, Management factors) Interfering conditions of partnership(Networking, Assignment) Partnership’s strategies(Making clear, Formation of a think tank, Institutionalization, Analysis of tools) Consequences of partnership(Employee interaction in two parts, Trust between the two parts, Interaction between the two parts, Modification of structures) After identifying this dimentions and catagories the model was extracted.

The implementation step is one of the most important steps in the public policy process. Because the goals of the policies are achieved at this step. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the effective implementation of public policies in the Ministry of Energy. This research has been Mixed research method and done using Theme Analysis Method and Structural Equation Modeling. The data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires and the statistical population was experts from the Ministry of Energy. The use of qualitative research method to identify the factors affecting the implementation of the policy in the Ministry of Energy consisted of 6 dimensions, 20 components and 110 indicators and a quantitative method for its validation. The results of this study are to present  the thematic network of factors for the effective implementation of public policies and based on contingency governance, to suggest the factors affecting the implementation of water and electricity industry policies that can be used to facilitate the achievement of policy goals. These factors include: spatial planning, Not relying on the public budget, expertise of pulicymakers, supply and demand management, Environmental Impact Assessment, Economic imbalance, Pay attention to the overall effect of the rules, Currency price changes, interests of producers and suppliers, Crisis Management, Adherence to national interests by stakeholders, The extent of the crisis, stakeholder diversity, Geographical conditions and resource constraints, Separation of governance and implementation, conflict of interest, definition of evaluation indicators, weakness water and electricity economy and consumption tariffs.

The aim of this research was to propose a local model for selecting managers of public enterprises by determining affecting political and non political dimensions, concepts and codes. To achieve this goal, mixed-method approach was applied. In the first step, meta-synthesis was carried out with analyzing 46 aricles from 761 articles (2007-2019) targeted for the research subject. For validation of findingd, Delphi method was used. Eighteen experts were selected and Delphi technique was performed in two stages. Finally, seven dimensions, 20 concepts and 101 codes were extracted. The findings suggested that in addition to nonpolitical dimensions, political dimension, comprised of two intra-organizational interventions (e.g., political skills, internal networking, politicization, political background, political behaviors, politics perceptions, political will, and political considerations) and extra-organization political interventions (political ecology, political pressure, external networking, presidential courses, government, and elected officials support) influence the selection of managers.